Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Internal carotid artery dissection after laparoscopic surgery

Headache is a common symptom in the postoperative period and may be attributable to, dehydration, sleep deprivation, intentional or inadvertent dural puncture during a neuraxial anesthesia technique, from an inhaled anesthetic agent, or from specific surgical procedures, among other etiologies. However, more serious, uncommon and life-threatening conditions as carotid artery dissection can be associated with severe neurologic sequelae in otherwise young, healthy patients. For these reasons, clinicians involved with postoperative patients should be familiar with the presentation and management strategies for this complication. Resumo: A cefaleia é um sintoma comum no período pós-operatório e pode ser atribuída à desidratação, privação do sono, punção dural intencional ou acidental durante a administração de anestesia neuraxial, ao anestésico inalatório ou a procedimentos cirúrgicos específicos, entre outras etiologias. Entretanto, condições mais graves, incomuns e potencialmente fatais, como a dissecção da artéria carótida, podem estar associadas a sequelas neurológicas graves em pacientes jovens e, sob outros aspectos, saudáveis. Portanto, os médicos envolvidos com pacientes pós-operados devem estar familiarizados com as estratégias de apresentação e manejo dessa complicação. Keywords: Carotid dissection, Anesthesia, Laparoscopy, Complication, Palavras-chave: Dissecção carotídea, Anestesia, Laparoscopia, Complicaçã

Internal carotid artery dissection after laparoscopic surgery

Abstract Headache is a common symptom in the postoperative period and may be attributable to, dehydration, sleep deprivation, intentional or inadvertent dural puncture during a neuraxial anesthesia technique, from an inhaled anesthetic agent, or from specific surgical procedures, among other etiologies. However, more serious, uncommon and life-threatening conditions as carotid artery dissection can be associated with severe neurologic sequelae in otherwise young, healthy patients. For these reasons, clinicians involved with postoperative patients should be familiar with the presentation and management strategies for this complication

Estimulación Medular (EEM) en el tratamiento de la enfermedad vascular periférica: Parte II

The Neuromodulation technologies are a not destructive and reversible approach in the treatment of the pain. They are used as a strategy for the control of untreatable pain according to the directives of the OMS and as an alternative of other invasive minor or neuroablatives therapies that have been not effective or that are not indicated. Between them the clinical use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated its usefulness and efficiency in the treatment of different syndromes of chronic pain. Cook´s and cols. in 1.976, demonstrated in their reports the efficiency of this technique in the clinical manifestation of ischemic pain as well as in the arteriosclerosis, diabetic vasculopaty, or in the ischemic pain related with peripheral vasospasm, in specific pathologies as the Buerguer´s disease, Scleroderma or Raynaud´s syndrome. During the last decade, the utilization of the SCS has spread in the ischemic cardiopathy of untreatable character (refractory angina pectoris, syndrome "X",…) and vascular peripheral pathology, subject of this review. This technique appears as one of the main indications with high levels of efficiency (80%), so much in the clinical aspect for the symptomatic relief as well as in the ischemic physiopatologic benefits that induces the neuroestimulation.Las técnicas de neuromodulación suponen un abordaje no destructivo y reversible en el tratamiento del dolor. Su utilización se establece como estrategia de control del dolor no controlable dentro de las directrices de la O.M.S. y como alternativa a otras terapias invasivas menores o neuroablatibas que no han sido eficaces o que están contraindicadas. De entre ellas el uso clínico de la estimulación eléctrica medular (EEM) o neuroestimulación, demuestra día a día su utilidad y eficacia en el tratamiento de diferentes síndromes de dolor crónico. Estudios de Cook y cols en 1.976, ya demostraron en sus trabajos la efectividad de esta técnica en la manifestación clínica del dolor isquémico así como en la arterioesclerosis o vasculopatía diabética, o en el dolor isquémico producido por vasoespasmo periférico, en entidades específicas como la Enfermedad de Buerguer, Esclerodermia o Síndrome de Raynaud. Durante la última década, se ha extendido la utilización de la EEM en la cardiopatía isquémica de carácter intratable (angina de pecho refractaria a tratamientos, síndrome "X",...) y la patología vascular periférica, objeto de esta revisión. Esta técnica se presenta como una de las principales indicaciones con altos niveles de efectividad (80%), tanto en el aspecto clínico por el alivio sintomático que produce, como en los beneficios isquémicos fisiopatológicos que induce la neuroestimulación

Estimulación Medular (EEM) en el tratamiento de la enfermedad vascular periférica: Parte I

The Neuromodulation technologies are a not destructive and reversible approach in the treatment of the pain. They are used as a strategy for the control of untreatable pain according to the directives of the OMS and as an alternative of other invasive minor or neuroablatives therapies that have been not effective or that are not indicated. Between them the clinical use of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has demonstrated its usefulness and efficiency in the treatment of different syndromes of chronic pain. Cook's and cols. in 1.976, demonstrated in their reports the efficiency of this technique in the clinical manifestation of ischemic pain as well as in the arteriosclerosis, diabetic vasculopaty, or in the ischemic pain related with peripheral vasospasm, in specific pathologies as the Buerguer's disease, Scleroderma or Raynaud's syndrome. During the last decade, the utilization of the SCS has spread in the ischemic cardiopathy of untreatable character (refractory angina pectoris, syndrome "X",...) and vascular peripheral pathology, subject of this review. This technique appears as one of the main indications with high levels of efficiency (80%), so much in the clinical aspect for the symptomatic relief as well as in the ischemic physiopatologic benefits that induces the neuroestimulation.Las técnicas de neuromodulación suponen un abordaje no destructivo y reversible en el tratamiento del dolor. Su utilización se establece como estrategia de control del dolor no controlable dentro de las directrices de la O.M.S. y como alternativa a otras terapias invasivas menores o neuroablatibas que no han sido eficaces o que están contraindicadas. De entre ellas el uso clínico de la estimulación eléctrica medular (EEM) o neuroestimulación, demuestra día a día su utilidad y eficacia en el tratamiento de diferentes síndromes de dolor crónico. Estudios de Cook y cols en 1.976, ya demostraron en sus trabajos la efectividad de esta técnica en la manifestación clínica del dolor isquémico así como en la arterioesclerosis o vasculopatía diabética, o en el dolor isquémico producido por vasoespasmo periférico, en entidades específicas como la Enfermedad de Buerguer, Esclerodermia o Síndrome de Raynaud. Durante la última década, se ha extendido la utilización de la EEM en la cardiopatía isquémica de carácter intratable (angina de pecho refractaria a tratamientos, síndrome "X",...) y la patología vascular periférica, objeto de esta revisión. Esta técnica se presenta como una de las principales indicaciones con altos niveles de efectividad (80%), tanto en el aspecto clínico por el alivio sintomático que produce, como en los beneficios isquémicos fisiopatológicos que induce la neuroestimulación