EyeSat: A Great Student Adventure Within the French Space Agency Leading Up to Lessons Learned From Orbit

EyeSat has been a tremendous, challenging and successful student project. With 250 students over 7 years, CNES has achieved to put in orbit a 3U CubeSat that carries tens of state-of-the art innovative nanosatellite subsystems resulting from R&D programs carried out within the French space ecosystem. Launched in December 18, 2019, EyeSat has proved to be fully functional in orbit and has started its mission to map the intensity and the polarization direction of the zodiacal light. Housekeeping data, acquired over the past 5 months, has been analyzed by the team. Precious comparisons have been made between design and simulation results on the one hand and actual data on the other. Now, the private company U-Space, created in 2018, leverages those lessons learned from EyeSat and provides space missions based on high-performance nanosatellites

Effet anti-tumoral des champs électriques pulsés nanoseconde sur les cellules du cancer du colon humain

National audienceObjectif : L'application de champs électriques pulsés nanosecondes (nsPEF) ou nanopulses est un traitement local émergent du cancer, par ablation non thermale, sans recourir à des médicaments, et provoquant la mort cellulaire par apoptose. Méthodologie : Des cellules humaines de cancer colique (HT-29) sont exposées dans une cellule transverse électromagnétique in vitro puis analysées en cytométrie de flux pour la viabilité cellulaire et le potentiel mitochondrial. En parallèle, la survie et la croissance tumorale d'HT-29 luciférase ont été évaluées in vivo par xénogreffe sur membrane chorio-allantoïdienne aviaire après application des nsPEFs par mesure de la bioluminescence. Résultats : Les nanopulses provoquent in vitro une diminution de la viabilité cellulaire et l'induction d'une dépolarisation mitochondriale synonyme d'engagement dans la voie apoptotique. In vivo, l'effet anti tumoral est confirmé par la chute de la bioluminescence liée à la mort cellulaire (100 impulsions, 10 Hz, 30-50 kV/cm). Conclusion : Testées pour la première fois in vivo et in vitro, les cellules de cancer colique humain sont sensibles aux nsPEFs. L'utilisation de ces nanopulses en thérapie locale anti tumorale pourra être envisagée rapidement en pratique clinique expérimentale. Également dépourvus d'effet délétère dans le tissu environnant, les nanopulses pourraient être appliqués sur des lésions tumorales pour lesquelles aucune thérapeutique locale n'est actuellement possible

Bile Duct Injury During Cholecystectomy: Necessity to Learn How to Do and Interpret Intraoperative Cholangiography.

Biliary duct injury (BDI) is a serious complication during cholecystectomy. Perioperative cholangiography (POC) has recently been generating interest in order to prevent BDI. However, the current literature (including randomized controlled trials) cannot conclude whether POC is protective or not against the risk of BDI. The aim of our study was to investigate whether POC could demonstrate earlier BDI and which criteria are required to make that diagnosis. We performed a retrospective study between 2005 and 2018 in our French tertiary referral center, which included all patients who had presented following BDI during cholecystectomy. Twenty-two patients were included. Nine patients had POC, whereas 13 did not. When executed, POC was interpreted as normal for three patients and abnormal for six. In this latter group, only two cases had a BDI diagnosed intraoperatively. In other cases, the interpretation was not adequate. BDIs are rare but may reduce patients' quality of life. Our study highlights the surgeon's responsibility to learn how to perform and interpret POC in order to diagnose and manage BDIs and potentially avoid catastrophic consequences

What is the cost of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD)? A medico-economic study

International audienc

Non-occlusive Small Bowel Ischemia Related to Postoperative Feeding Jejunostomy Tube Use After Esophagectomy for Cancer: Propensity Score Analysis of the AFC-FREGAT Database

International audienc

Surgically treated oesophageal cancer developed in a radiated field: Impact on peri-operative and long-term outcomes

International audienc

Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy on Postoperative Outcomes After Esophageal Cancer Resection

International audienceObjectives: To assess the impact of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) on anastomotic leakage (AL) and other postoperative outcomes after esophageal cancer (EC) resection.Background: Conflicting data have emerged from randomized studies regarding the impact of NCRT on AL.Methods: Among 2944 consecutive patients operated on for EC between 2000 and 2010 in 30 European centers, patients treated by NCRT after surgery (n = 593) were compared with those treated by primary surgery (n = 1487). Multivariable analyses and propensity score matching were used to compensate for the differences in some baseline characteristics.Results: Patients in the NCRT group were younger, with a higher prevalence of male sex, malnutrition, advanced tumor stage, squamous cell carcinoma, and surgery after 2005 when compared with the primary surgery group. Postoperative AL rates were 8.8% versus 10.6% (P = 0.220), and 90-day postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 9.3% versus 7.2% (P = 0.110) and 33.4% versus 32.1% (P = 0.564), respectively. Pulmonary complication rates did not differ between groups (24.6% vs 22.5%; P = 0.291), whereas chylothorax (2.5% vs 1.2%; P = 0.020), cardiovascular complications (8.6% vs 0.1%; P = 0.037), and thromboembolic events (8.6% vs 6.0%; P = 0.037) were higher in the NCRT group. After propensity score matching, AL rates were 8.8% versus 11.3% (P = 0.228), with more chylothorax (2.5% vs 0.7%; P = 0.030) and trend toward more cardiovascular and thromboembolic events in the NCRT group (P = 0.069). Predictors of AL were high American Society of Anesthesiologists scores, supracarinal tumoral location, and cervical anastomosis, but not NCRT.Conclusions: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy does not have an impact on the AL rate after EC resection (NCT 01927016)

Role of neoadjuvant treatment in clinical T2N0M0 oesophageal cancer: results from a retrospective multi-center European study

International audienceAims: The aims of this study were to compare short-and long-term outcomes for clinical T2N0 oesophageal cancer with analysis of (i) primary surgery (S) versus neoadjuvant therapy plus surgery (NS), (ii) squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma subsets; and (iii) neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Methods: Data were collected from 30 European centres from 2000 to 2010. Among 2944 included patients, 355 patients (12.1%) had cT2N0 disease; 285 (S) and 70 (NS), were compared in terms of short-and long-term outcomes. Propensity score matching analyses were used to compensate for differences in baseline characteristics.Results: No significant differences between the groups were shown in terms of in hospital morbidity and mortality. Nodal disease was observed in 50% of S-group at the time of surgery, with 20% pN2/N3. Utilisation of neoadjuvant therapy was associated with significant tumour downstaging as reflected by increases in pT0, pN0 and pTNM stage 0 disease, this effect was further enhanced with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. After adjustment on propensity score and confounding factors, for all patients and subset analysis of squamous cell and adenocarcinoma, neoadjuvant therapy had no significant effect upon survival or recurrence (overall, loco-regional, distant or mixed) compared to surgery alone. There were no significant differences between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in short-or long-term outcomes.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that a surgery alone treatment approach should be recommended as the primary treatment approach for cT2N0 oesophageal cancer despite 50% of patients having nodal disease at the time of surgery