La metodología estadística y el proceso del conocimiento económico

Tesis Univ. Complutense de Madrid, 1986. Director Manuel López Cachero.Depto. de Organización de EmpresasFac. de Ciencias Económicas y EmpresarialesTRUEProQuestpu

Cambios transformacionales para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050

Objetivo: con este artículo se busca recomendar la implementación, a nivel mundial, de cambios transformacionales o transformadores necesarios para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050. Metodología: se analizaron los resultados de evaluaciones globales sobre la diversidad biológica como la “Evaluación Mundial sobre la Diversidad Biológica y los Servicios de los Ecosistemas” de IPBES” y las “Perspectivas del Medio Ambiente Mundial, GEO 6: Planeta sano, personas sanas” del PNUMA, entre otros, y artículos científicos relacionados, en el marco general de la teoría del cambio (ToC). Hallazgo: los resultados de aplicación de los documentos de planificación mundial, para detener las tasas de extinción aceleradas de especies y de ecosistemas y del desarrollo sostenible, plasmadas en las Metas de Aichi de la Estrategia para la Diversidad Biológica al 2020 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible al 2030, muestran logros débiles. Conclusión: se requieren cambios transformadores drásticos para alcanzar los objetivos de la visión para la diversidad biológica al 2050 que se complementen con acciones como reducción de la inequidad, la eliminación de las externalidades negativas para el capital natural, la buena gobernanza, la implementación de incentivos, reducciones tributarias, impuestos como estrategias económicas, el fomento al comercio justo y la economía circular.Object: The purpose of this article is to recommend the implementation of transformational or transforming changes in a global scale, needed to reach the objectives of biological diversity vision as of 2050. Methodology: Results derived from global tests about biological diversity, like the IPBES’ “Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services”, as well as PNUMA’s “Global Environment Outlook GEO-6: Healthy Planet, Healthy People”, among others, were examined. Besides, some scientific results related to the general frame of Theory of Change. Finding: Results from the application of the documents of global planification, to halt accelerated rates of extinction in species, ecosystems and sustainable development, appearing in the Aichi Biodiversity Targets for 2020 and the Sustainable Development Goals for 2030, show weak results. Conclusion: There exist drastic transformation changes that will be needed to reach the goals traced in the vision for biological diversity in 2050 and these will need additional actions as reduction of inequity, deletion of negative externalities in benefit of natural capital, good governance, implementation of incentives, tributary reductions, taxes as economic strategies, promotion for fair commerce and circular economy

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

Zoonotic hepatitis E, mainly caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3, is a foodborne disease that has emerged in Europe in recent decades. The main animal reservoir for genotype 3 is domestic pigs. Pig liver and liver derivates are considered the major risk products, and studies focused on the presence of HEV in pig muscles are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in different organs and tissues of 45 apparently healthy pigs from nine Spanish slaughterhouses (50% national production) that could enter into the food supply chain. Anti-HEV antibodies were evaluated in serum by an ELISA test. Ten samples from each animal were analyzed for the presence of HEV RNA by reverse transcription real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence obtained was 73.3% (33/45). From the 450 samples analyzed, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were identified in the liver (7/45), feces (6/45), kidney (5/45), heart (4/45), serum (3/45), and diaphragm (1/45). This is the first report on detection of HEV RNA in kidney and heart samples of naturally infected pigs. HEV RNA detection was negative for rib, bacon, lean ham, and loin samples. These findings indicate that pig meat could be considered as a low risk material for foodborne HEV infection.This study was partially supported by the RTA2014-00024-C04 from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Innovation. NG and DR-L received a research grant by INTERPORC.S

Occurrence of Hepatitis E Virus in Pigs and Pork Cuts and Organs at the Time of Slaughter, Spain, 2017

Zoonotic hepatitis E, mainly caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype (gt) 3, is a foodborne disease that has emerged in Europe in recent decades. The main animal reservoir for genotype 3 is domestic pigs. Pig liver and liver derivates are considered the major risk products, and studies focused on the presence of HEV in pig muscles are scarce. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the presence of HEV in different organs and tissues of 45 apparently healthy pigs from nine Spanish slaughterhouses (50% national production) that could enter into the food supply chain. Anti-HEV antibodies were evaluated in serum by an ELISA test. Ten samples from each animal were analyzed for the presence of HEV RNA by reverse transcription realtime PCR (RT-qPCR). The overall seroprevalence obtained was 73.3% (33/45). From the 450 samples analyzed, a total of 26 RT-qPCR positive samples were identified in the liver (7/45), feces (6/45), kidney (5/45), heart (4/45), serum (3/45), and diaphragm (1/45). This is the first report on detection of HEV RNA in kidney and heart samples of naturally infected pigs. HEV RNA detection was negative for rib, bacon, lean ham, and loin samples. These findings indicate that pig meat could be considered as a low risk material for foodborne HEV infection.Fil: García, Nerea. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Hernández, Marta. Universidad de Burgos; EspañaFil: Gutierrez Boada, Maialen. Universidad de Burgos; EspañaFil: Valero, Antonio. Universidad de Córdoba; EspañaFil: Navarro, Alejandro. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Muñoz Chimeno, Milagros. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Salud; EspañaFil: Fernández Manzano, Alvaro. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Escobar, Franco Matias. Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales. Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Martínez, Irene. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Bárcena, Carmen. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: González, Sergio. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Avellón, Ana. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. Instituto de Salud; EspañaFil: Eiros, Jose M.. Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega; EspañaFil: Fongaro, Gislaine. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; BrasilFil: Domínguez, Lucas. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Goyache, Joaquín. Universidad Complutense de Madrid; EspañaFil: Rodríguez Lázaro, David. Universidad de Burgos; Españ

Conocimientos tradicionales relativos a la biodiversidad agrícola

La biodiversidad agrícola, a diferencia de la silvestre, requiere la acción continuada de los agricultores para su conservación, ya que las plantas cultivadas dependen de la intervención humana, con actividades como la selección, la siembra, el abonado, la poda u otras prácticas agrícolas para su supervivencia. Desde la revolución agrícola del Neolítico hasta la actualidad, estas prácticas y conocimientos han ido generando y conservando una gran diversidad, amenazada a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XX por las causas que se han indicado anteriormente.Peer reviewe

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The management of acute venous thromboembolism in clinical practice. Results from the European PREFER in VTE Registry

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Europe. Data from real-world registries are necessary, as clinical trials do not represent the full spectrum of VTE patients seen in clinical practice. We aimed to document the epidemiology, management and outcomes of VTE using data from a large, observational database. PREFER in VTE was an international, non-interventional disease registry conducted between January 2013 and July 2015 in primary and secondary care across seven European countries. Consecutive patients with acute VTE were documented and followed up over 12 months. PREFER in VTE included 3,455 patients with a mean age of 60.8 ± 17.0 years. Overall, 53.0 % were male. The majority of patients were assessed in the hospital setting as inpatients or outpatients (78.5 %). The diagnosis was deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in 59.5 % and pulmonary embolism (PE) in 40.5 %. The most common comorbidities were the various types of cardiovascular disease (excluding hypertension; 45.5 %), hypertension (42.3 %) and dyslipidaemia (21.1 %). Following the index VTE, a large proportion of patients received initial therapy with heparin (73.2 %), almost half received a vitamin K antagonist (48.7 %) and nearly a quarter received a DOAC (24.5 %). Almost a quarter of all presentations were for recurrent VTE, with >80 % of previous episodes having occurred more than 12 months prior to baseline. In conclusion, PREFER in VTE has provided contemporary insights into VTE patients and their real-world management, including their baseline characteristics, risk factors, disease history, symptoms and signs, initial therapy and outcomes

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

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