Enseñanza y desarrollo del juego y las TICs como herramientas para el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua

A través de este trabajo se pretende analizar y comparar la importancia, trascendencia y beneficios que tiene la adquisición y prolongada exposición a una segunda lengua a edades tempranas, acercando esta gracias a la metodología del juego y las TICs basándonos en el ámbito de una experiencia real de aula. A pesar del gran número de propuestas y metodologías existentes a cerca del desarrollo del juego lúdico como nueva estrategia de aprendizaje, estas prácticas deben de adaptarse el máximo posible a las necesidades e intereses reales que se encuentran día a día en las aulas de Educación Infantil de nuestros centros, potenciando para ello los aprendizajes significativos. El trabajo está enfocado desde una perspectiva de inclusión del juego en aprendizajes de aulas reales, como metodología a seguir, siendo de ayuda para obtener el beneficio esperado el acercamiento de una segunda lengua a edades tempranas. El trabajo está dividido en dos partes, por un lado, una primera parte de ámbito teórico, donde se explican las ideas argumentadas de forma teórica, y, por otro lado, un ámbito más práctico, donde se detalla la propuesta didáctica asociada a el marco teórico.Grado en Educación Infanti

The determinants of the antibiotic resistance process

Beatriz Espinosa Franco1, Marina Altagracia Martínez2, Martha A Sánchez Rodríguez1, Albert I Wertheimer31Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza (UNAM), Mexico; 2Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico; 3Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USABackground: The use of antibiotic drugs triggers a complex interaction involving many biological, sociological, and psychological determinants. Resistance to antibiotics is a serious worldwide problem which is increasing and has implications for morbidity, mortality, and health care both in hospitals and in the community.Objectives: To analyze current research on the determinants of antibiotic resistance and comprehensively review the main factors in the process of resistance in order to aid our understanding and assessment of this problem.Methods: We conducted a MedLine search using the key words “determinants”, “antibiotic”, and “antibiotic resistance” to identify publications between 1995 and 2007 on the determinants of antibiotic resistance. Publications that did not address the determinants of antibiotic resistance were excluded.Results: The process and determinants of antibiotic resistance are described, beginning with the development of antibiotics, resistance and the mechanisms of resistance, sociocultural determinants of resistance, the consequences of antibiotic resistance, and alternative measures proposed to combat antibiotic resistance.Conclusions: Analysis of the published literature identified the main determinants of antibiotic resistance as irrational use of antibiotics in humans and animal species, insufficient patient education when antibiotics are prescribed, lack of guidelines for treatment and control of infections, lack of scientific information for physicians on the rational use of antibiotics, and lack of official government policy on the rational use of antibiotics in public and private hospitals.Keywords: antibiotic drug resistance, determinants, social-biologica

Efecto Antibacteriano In vitro del extracto Hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Origanum vulgare L. (Orégano) sobre Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175

Objetivo: Determinar el efecto antibacteriano in vitro, del extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Origanum vulgare L. (orégano) sobre Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Materiales y métodos: Investigación de tipo experimental, explicativo, prospectivo, transversal. La muestra vegetal estuvo constituida por 2 kilos de hojas secas y la muestra biológica usada consistió en 10 placas Petri. El procedimiento fitoquímico fue la marcha fitoquímica y el método microbiológico usado fue el de difusión en agar o Kirby-Bauer el cual requirió del uso de 10 repeticiones y estuvo constituida por los grupos experimentales al 5 %, 25 %, 50 % y 90 %, el grupo control fue Amoxicilina 25 μg y Dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO). Resultados: Los metabolitos secundarios que se detectaron en la prueba del tamizaje fitoquímico fueron los compuestos fenólicos, antocianinas, terpenos y esteroides, alcaloides y lactonas α, β-insaturadas. Por otro lado, mediante ANOVA y Tukey, se demostró como resultado una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos experimentales al 25 %, 50 % y 90 % comparado con el control (DMSO) frente a Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. Conclusión: El extracto hidroalcohólico de las hojas de Origanum vulgare L. (orégano) presenta actividad antibacteriana frente a cepas de Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175

Desarrollo de un método abreviado para la determinación cuantitativa de ácidos grasos en leche con especial énfasis en los ácidos grasos de cadena larga

A new and simple method was developed for the extraction and derivatization of fatty acid (FA) in milk. Lipid extraction of milk was carried out in H2SO4/methanol. Methylation was performed for 2 h at 60°C, and FA methyl esters were recovered for chromatographic analysis by the addition of hexane. The method parameters were optimized and the simple method was compared to the official reference procedure for the extraction and methylation of FAs in milk samples. For most of the 24 FAs determined, similar or significantly higher recoveries were obtained by the simple method than by the conventional method. The simple method allows processing a high number of samples, at the same time, minimizing the sample manipulation and, consequently, the sample loss and contamination. In conclusion, the proposed method is simple, rapid, low cost, and achieves good resultsUn nuevo método abreviado se desarrolló para la extracción y derivatización de ácidos grasos en leche. La extracción de los lípidos de la leche se llevó a cabo en H2SO4/metanol. La metilación se realizó a 60°C durante 2 h y los ésteres metílicos de los ácidos grasos fueron recuperados para el análisis cromatográfico mediante la adición de hexano. Los parámetros del método fueron optimizados y el método abreviado fue comparado con el método de referencia para la determinación de ácidos grasos en leche. En la mayor parte de los 24 ácidos grasos analizados, el método abreviado mostró recuperaciones similares o mejores que el método convencional. El método simple permite procesar un alto número de muestras al mismo tiempo, minimizando la manipulación de la muestra y consecuentemente la pérdida de la misma y su contaminación. En conclusión, el método propuesto es simple, rápido, económico y logra buenos resultadosThe authors thank Consellería do Medio Rural (FEADER 2008/32 and FEADER 2008/33) and Dirección Xeral de Investigación Desenvolvemento e Innovación (Xunta de Galicia, Lucas Labrada program) for financial supportS

Detection and characterization of Plasmodium spp. by semi-nested multiplex PCR both in mosquito vectors and in humans residing in historically endemic areas of Paraguay

Corresponding author at: Department of Tropical Medicine, Research Institute in Health Science (IICS-UNA), National University of Asunción, Campus UNA, San Lorenzo, Paraguay. E-mail addresses: [email protected], [email protected]. (F. del Puerto).In Paraguay, no cases of Malaria have been recorded since 2011. Microscopy and the SnM-PCR technique were implemented to detect and characterize Plasmodium spp. both in mosquitoes and in humans residing in historically endemic areas of Paraguay, to evaluate the possibility of finding asymptomatic cases and/or Plasmodium parasites circulating in anophelines. Between 2013 and 2015, 361 human blood samples were collected on filter paper, and between 2016 and 2017, 938 female Anopheles mosquitoes were captured in 15 Paraguayan localities. All the diagnostic techniques showed negative results. We observed no asymptomatic case or Plasmodium circulating in vectors.Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPrograma Paraguayo para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y Tecnología. Proyectos de investigación y desarroll

Physical and chemical treatment of the acid wastewater poured from Aznalcollar quarry (Sevilla-Spain)

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados experimentales de Ios ensayos de tratamiento fisicoquímico llevados a cabo en el Grupo de Tratamiento de Aguas Residuales de la Universidad de Sevilla, con el agua vertida tras la rotura de la balsa minera de Aznalcóllar el pasado 25 de abril de 1998.E1 objeto de los ensayos era neutralizar la acidez inicial del agua y disminuir las elevadas concentraciones de metales pesados en solución. Entre los tratamientos empleados, la combinación de hidróxido cálcico y policloruro de aluminio proporcionó el mejor rendimiento en términos dé eficacia en la elevación del pH del agua y en Ia eliminación de metales pesados en solución. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que una estrategia de tratamiento basada en el uso combinado de agentes correctores de pH y coagulantes químicos, contribuye eficazmente a romper ia estabilidad de las partículas metálicas en disolución y a lograr su eliminación del agua por sedimentación. TaIes procedimientos podrían resultar de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de aguas superficiales contaminadas por metales.In this work, laboratory results of physical and chemical treatment of the acid wastewater poured from Aznalcóilar quarry (Sevilla, Spain) the last april 25, 1998, are presented. Experiments were carried out in the facilities of the Wastewater Treatment Research Group, University of Sevilla. Objectives were to adjust pH and to remove heavy metals from the water. Comparative results showed application of calcium hydroxide and aluminium polychloride as the most effective physical and chemical treatment for the water, in terms of pH adjustment and heavy metal removal. Data suggest that treatment systems including preliminary adjustment of water pH followed by addition of chemical coagulants, significantly alter the physical state of dissolved heavy metals and facilitate their removal by sedimentation. Such procedures might be useful for the treatment of surface waters polluted with high concentrations of heavy metals

Curso clínico de micosis producidas por Exophiala xenobiotica en paciente trasplantado renal en el Hospital Universitario de Burgos

Mycosis by exophiala xenobiotica comprise a broad clinical spectrum in immunosuppressed patients, from localized to disseminated infections. They are a recognized etiology of phaeohyphomycosis, currently considered as emerging fungal infections in transplanted solid organ recipients. We present 2 cases of mycosis by exophiala xenobiotica in kidney transplant recipients, a localized cutaneous mycosis and a systemic infection with central nervous system involvement.Las micosis por Exophiala xenobiotica comprenden un amplio espectro clínico en pacientes inmunosuprimidos, desde infecciones localizadas, hasta diseminadas. Son incluidas como etiología de las feohifomicosis, actualmente consideradas como infecciones fúngicas emergentes en pacientes trasplantados de órgano sólido. Presentamos 2 casos de micosis por Eexophiala xenobiotica en paciente trasplantado renal, una micosis cutánea localizada y una infección sistémica con afectación del sistema nervioso central

Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock

Purpose of Review: Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, inflammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may offer new options for increasing cancer treatment effectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings: In recent years, there has been a significant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very first time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary: This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the state-of-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.publishersversionpublishe

Chronodisruption and Ambulatory Circadian Monitoring in Cancer Patients: Beyond the Body Clock.

Purpose of Review Circadian rhythms impose daily rhythms a remarkable variety of metabolic and physiological functions, such as cell proliferation, infammation, and DNA damage response. Accumulating epidemiological and genetic evidence indicates that circadian rhythms’ disruption may be linked to cancer. The integration of circadian biology into cancer research may ofer new options for increasing cancer treatment efectiveness and would encompass the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease. Recent Findings In recent years, there has been a signifcant development and use of multi-modal sensors to monitor physical activity, sleep, and circadian rhythms, allowing, for the very frst time, scaling accurate sleep monitoring to epidemiological research linking sleep patterns to disease, and wellness applications providing new potential applications. Summary This review highlights the role of circadian clock in tumorigenesis, cancer hallmarks and introduces the stateof-the-art in sleep-monitoring technologies, discussing the eventual application of insights in clinical settings and cancer research.post-print1077 K

Antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex in patients with multiple sclerosis

Lleixa and Caballero-avila et al. report that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a tissue-specific autoimmune disease of the central nervous system in which the antigen(s) remains elusive. Antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex have been described in 1-2% of the patients in a recent study. Other candidate antigens as anoctamin-2 or neurofascin-155 have been previously described in multiple sclerosis patients, although their clinical relevance remains uncertain. Our study aims to analyse the frequency and clinical relevance of antibodies against neurofascin-155, anoctamin-2 and flotillin-1/2 complex in multiple sclerosis. Serum (n = 252) and CSF (n = 50) samples from 282 multiple sclerosis patients were included in the study. The control group was composed of 260 serum samples (71 healthy donors and 189 with other neuroinflammatory disorders). Anti-flotillin-1/2, anti-anoctamin-2 and anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies were tested by cell-based assays using transfected cells. We identified six multiple sclerosis patients with antibodies against the flotillin-1/2 complex (2.1%) and one multiple sclerosis patient with antibodies against anoctamin-2 (0.35%). All multiple sclerosis patients were negative for anti-neurofascin-155 antibodies. Three of the anti-flotillin-1/2 positive patients showed anti-flotillin-1/2 positivity in other serum samples extracted at different moments of their disease. Immunoglobulin G subclasses of anti-flotillin-1/2 antibodies were predominantly one and three. We confirm that antibodies targeting the flotillin-1/2 complex are present in a subgroup of patients with multiple sclerosis. Further studies are needed to understand the clinical and pathological relevance of anti-flotillin-1/2 autoantibodies in multiple sclerosis