Community identity, life satisfaction, empowerment and health: suggesting a model for the immigrant population

The academic literature shows that studies in the fields of Community Psychology and Group Psychology have reached the same conclusion: belonging to and identifying with a group has an impact on health. However, when the studies are reviewed, there seems to be little communication between those engaged in these two lines of work, as contributions made from the perspective of Community are not compared with those made from that of Social Identity. Therefore, this study opts for an integrative perspective that makes possible progress towards a political/social viewpoint. Specifically, it is sought to understand the relationship between identification with the neighbourhood in which one lives (what has been called "community identity") and the mental health of Malaga's immigrant population, a model being proposed in which the relationship between health and identity is mediated by empowerment.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Government of Spain's Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, reference: PSI2013-40508-

Casas 16 y 17 de Walter Gropius para la Weissenhof Siedlung de Stuttgart, 1927

Los ejercicios que aparecen en esta publicación corresponden a la asignatura Análisis Arquitectónico II de 2º curso, impartida por el Departamento de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura - Universidade da Coruña, durante el curso académico 2017-2018Se concibe esta asignatura dentro del Área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, con un carácter teórico - práctico, orientada hacia la compresión de la arquitectura utilizando para ello el Análisis en sus diversas vertientes y apoyando éste en metodologías que van de lo gráfico a lo escrito, pasando por cualquier procedimiento de representación convencional o no

Governmental strategies and challenges to mitigate GHG emissions from freight carriers in Mexico

De manera global se estima que a 2030 el autotransporte de carga será el principal emisor de gases de efecto invernadero del sector transporte. En México, la creciente movilidad de materiales, productos y personas durante las últimas décadas han sido factores clave para posicionar al sector económico del transporte como el de mayor intensidad energética y de carbono en el país. Con la intención de reconocer el impacto de las estrategias gubernamentales para mitigar los compuestos de efecto invernadero (CEI) y los retos involucrados, en específico para el subsector autotransporte de carga, se plantea un análisis con la intención de anticipar oportunidades y posibles barreras para cada escenario de implementación, donde la promoción del transporte multimodal y el aprovechamiento de combustibles alternos tendrían que ser factores clave para alcanzar las metas planeadas. Sin embargo, se requiere plantear metodologías de optimización que tomen en cuenta las ventajas y desventajas de cada línea estratégica, así como los costos de implementación y externalidades.Globally it is estimated that medium and heavy-duty trucking will be the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the transport sector. In Mexico, the increasing mobility of materials, products and people during the last decades have been key factors to position the transport industry as the most energy and carbon intensity sector in the country. Intending to recognize the impact of government strategies to mitigate greenhouse compounds and the challenges involved, specifically for the trucking subsector, an analysis is proposed with the intention of anticipating opportunities and possible barriers for each implementation scenario, where the promotion of multimodal transport and use of alternative fuels would have to be key factors in achieving the planned goals. However, it is necessary to propose an holistic optimization methodology that take into account advantages and disadvantages of each strategic path as well as implementation of costs and externalities.Fil: Sandoval García, Edgar Roberto.Fil: Franco González, Rosa Laura Patricia Edith.Fil: Fernández Morales, Juan Manuel

Continuity between Neuroticism and its maladaptive variant: a correlational study

La última versión del DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) ha generado un importante debate en el campo de los trastornos de personalidad al proponer un modelo dimensional que se aleja de la perspectiva categorial de las ediciones previas. Este nuevo modelo, planteado conforme el Modelo de los Cinco Factores (Five Factor Model - FFM), asume que para cada dominio de la personalidad normal es posible reconocer un polo desadaptativo (Widiger, Gore, Crego, Rojas, y Oltmanns, 2016; Widiger y Mullins-Sweatt, 2009). Gran parte de los esfuerzos actuales se centran en aportar evidencias empíricas sobre la continuidad entre los rasgos de personalidad normal y desadaptativa estudiando la relación de los diferentes instrumentos normativos desarrollados para la medición de estos constructos (e.g. Griffin y Samuel, 2014; Quilty, Ayearst, Chmielewski, Pollock y Bagby, 2013; Wright y Simms, 2014; Balsis, Ruchensky y Busch, 2017). En particular ha despertado interés el espectro del dominio Neuroticismo por su utilidad en el ámbito clínico-epidemiológico al asociarse con múltiples problemas de salud y trastornos mentales (Widiger y Oltmanns, 2017). Desde la perspectiva normal, el Neuroticismo se caracteriza por la tendencia a sentir emociones negativas tales como preocupaciones, enojo, sentimientos de inseguridad, insatisfacción consigo mismo y/o con el contexto, lo cual genera conflictos en sus vínculos interpersonales (McCrae y Costa, 2010). Su variante desadaptativa, la Afectividad Negativa, se define como la vivencia de experiencias frecuentes e intensas de una amplia gama de emociones negativas. También incluye conductas de autolesión y vínculos interpersonales con marcada dependencia (APA, 2013). En este trabajo se propone como objetivo obtener evidencias empíricas locales de la continuidad existente entre las dimensiones del Neuroticismo del FFM y su variante desadaptativa la Afectividad Negativa. Se han empleado diversas estrategias metodológicas para verificar este supuesto de continuidad, como análisis factoriales (Wright y Simms, 2014) y la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem (Balsis, Ruchensky, y Busch, 2017). Dado el carácter preliminar de este estudio aquí se plantea analizar las correlaciones entre las escalas, estrategia que ha sido seguida por numerosos autores (e.g. Griffin y Samuel, 2014; Quilty et al. 2013).The latest version of the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) has produced remarkable debate in the field of personality disorders by offering a dimensional model that diverge from the categorical perspective of previous editions. This new model, based on the Five Factor Model (FFM), assumes that it is posible to recognize a maladaptive pole for each domain of the normal personality (Widiger, Gore, Crego, Rojas, & Oltmanns, 2016; Widiger & Mullins-Sweatt, 2009). Much of the current effort focuses on providing empirical evidence of the continuity between normal and maladaptive personality traits by studying the relationship of the different normative instruments developed to measure these constructs (e.g. Griffin & Samuel, 2014; Quilty, Ayearst, Chmielewski, Pollock & Bagby, 2013; Wright & Simms, 2014; Balsis, Ruchensky & Busch, 2017). Specifically, the spectrum of the Neuroticism domain has aroused interest due to its usefulness in the clinical-epidemiological field when associated with multiple health problems and mental disorders (Widiger & Oltmanns, 2017). From the normal perspective, Neuroticism is characterized by the tendency to feel negative emotions such as worries, anger, feelings of insecurity, dissatisfaction with oneself and/or with the context, which generates conflicts in their interpersonal ties (McCrae & Costa, 2010). Its maladaptive variant, Negative Affectivity, is defined as the experience of frequent and intense experiences of a wide range of negative emotions. It also includes behaviors of self-injury and interpersonal bonds with marked dependence (APA, 2013). In this work it is proposed as objective to obtain local empirical evidences of the existing continuity between the dimensions of the Neuroticism of the FFM and its un-adaptive variant the Negative Affectivity. Several methodological strategies have been used to verify this assumption of continuity, such as factorial analyses (Wright & Simms, 2014) and the Item Response Theory (Balsis, Ruchensky, & Busch, 2017). Given the preliminary nature of this study, and following the strategies implemented by numerous authors, it is proposed here to analyses the correlations between the scales (e.g. Griffin & Samuel, 2014; Quilty et al. 2013).Facultad de Psicologí

Exchange Rules for Diradical π-Conjugated Hydrocarbons

A variety of planar π-conjugated hydrocarbons such as heptauthrene, Clar’s goblet and, recently synthesized, triangulene have two electrons occupying two degenerate molecular orbitals. The resulting spin of the interacting ground state is often correctly anticipated as S = 1, extending the application of Hund’s rules to these systems, but this is not correct in some instances. Here we provide a set of rules to correctly predict the existence of zero mode states as well as the spin multiplicity of both the ground state and the low-lying excited states, together with their open- or closed-shell nature. This is accomplished using a combination of analytical arguments and configuration interaction calculations with a Hubbard model, both backed by quantum chemistry methods with a larger Gaussian basis set. Our results go beyond the well established Lieb’s theorem and Ovchinnikov’s rule, as we address the multiplicity and the open-/closed-shell nature of both ground and excited states.J.F.-R. and R.O. acknowledge financial support from MINECO-Spain (grant no. MAT2016-78625-C2) and from the Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT) for the project P2020-PTDC/FIS-NAN/4662/2014. J.F.-R., M.M.-F. and N.G.-M. acknowledge support from the P2020-PTDC/FISNAN/3668/2014. J.F.-R. acknowledges support from UTAPEXPL/NTec/0046/2017 projects as well as Generalitat Valenciana funding (Prometeo2017/139). R.O. and J.C.S.-G. acknowledge ACIF/2018/175 (Generalitat Valenciana and Fondo Social Europeo). M.M.-F. and R.B. acknowledge the Portuguese “Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia” (FCT) for the project IF/00894/2015 and FCT ref. UID/CTM/50011/2019 for CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials. This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement no. 664878

Clinical impact of acute kidney injury on short- and long-term outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with the CoreValve prosthesis

AbstractBackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) after cardiac surgery is associated with increased mortality, but few data exist on the occurrence and clinical impact of AKI associated with transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and prognosis of AKI after percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve® (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) prosthesis.MethodsA total of 357 patients with severe aortic stenosis and 9 patients with pure native aortic regurgitation were treated with the CoreValve prosthesis. AKI was defined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium criteria as the absolute increase in serum creatinine ≥0.3mg/dl at 72h post percutaneous procedure.ResultsAKI was identified in 58 patients (15.8%), none of whom required renal replacement therapy. In patients with AKI, the mortality at 30 days was 13.5% compared with 1.6% of patients without AKI, [odds ratio (OR)=12.2 (95% CI 3.53–41.9); p<0.001] and total mortality after a mean of 26.2±17 months was 29.3% vs. 14.9% [OR=2.36 (95% CI 1.23–4.51), p=0.008]. In the multivariate analysis, AKI was an independent predictor of cumulative total mortality [hazard ratio=2.151, (95% CI from 1.169 to 3.957), p=0.014].ConclusionsThe deterioration of renal function in patients undergoing TAVI with the CoreValve prosthesis is a serious and frequent complication. The occurrence of AKI was associated with increased early mortality and was also a predictor of worse outcomes in follow-up

Relationships between Physical Activity Level and Pain in the Spanish Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

One third of the world’s population suffers from some form of pain. Physical inactivity is one of the causes that reduces physical fitness and may lead to an increase in the prevalence of pain in the population. Aims. To analyse the relationships between the level of physical activity (PAL) and the prevalence and degree of pain, the limitations and impact of pain on daily activities and the use of pain medication in the Spanish population. Hypothesis. PAL is related to pain among Spaniards. Methodology. A cross-sectional study design was used, based on data obtained from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 with 17,777 participants. A descriptive analysis was performed. Nonparametric statistical tests were used: chi-square statistic to analyse intergroup differences in ordinal variables; Mann−Whitney U test to analyse intergroup differences in continuous variables. A correlation study was also performed between the variables of interest, using Spearman’s rho. Results. Relationships were found between PAL and: prevalence of pain, degree of pain, limitations due to pain in usual activities, level of impact in daily activities and use of pain medication in the Spanish population (p < 0.001). Performing moderate and intense PA was related to lower prevalence and degree of pain in the population that performed it, compared to those who only walked or were inactive. Weak correlations were found between the level of PA and the study variables (p < 0.001). Conclusions. High PALs in the population are related to better indicators of pain among Spaniards, appearing to reduce the prevalence and degree of pain, as well as the limitations and impact caused by pain in the daily activities of citizens, and could reduce the use of pain medication in the adult Spanish population.This research was funded by “Ayudas para la Realización de Actividades de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, de Divulgación y de Transferencia de Conocimiento por los Grupos de Investigación de Extremadura 2021”; Financed by the Junta de Extremadura and the European Social Fund. Grant number 2021/00461/001

Anticipatory Antifungal Treatment in Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) in critically ill patients and the impact of anticipatory antifungal treatment on the incidence of CAPA in critically ill patients. Methods. Before/after observational study in a mixed intensive care unit (ICU) of a university teaching hospital. The study took place between March 2020 and June 2022. Inclusion criteria were critically ill patients with severe SARSCoV- 2 pneumonia requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. Two analysis periods were compared according to whether or not antifungal therapy was given early. Results. A total of 160 patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and invasive mechanical ventilation were included. The incidence of CAPA in the first study period was 19 out of 58 patients (32.75%); during the second period, after implementation of the intervention (anticipatory antifungal therapy), the incidence of CAPA decreased to 10.78% (11 out of 102 patients). In patients with CAPA under invasive mechanical ventilation, the mortality rate decreased from 100% to 64%. Conclusions. Anticipating antifungal treatment in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia under invasive mechanical ventilation was associated with a decrease in the incidence and mortality of pulmonary aspergillosis

Relationship between 2D:4D ratio and body composition in adolescents in Extremadura

La ratio 2D:4D es el cociente entre la longitud del dedo índice y anular de la mano, asociada al balance entre andrógenos y estrógenos, durante el desarrollo embrionario. Una baja proporción 2D:4D, refleja niveles más altos de testosterona en el útero. Esta medida se ha relacionado con ciertos parámetros de la composición corporal, que podrían ser indicativos de la probabilidad de presentar riesgos para la salud. Objetivos: analizar si existe relación entre la ratio 2D:4D y la composición corporal y explorar las diferencias entre los sexos. Método: Se realizó un estudio observacional y correlacional con 225 adolescentes (108 chicos y 117 chicas), de entre los 12 y 17 años. Se realizaron medidas antropométricas, de composición corporal y la ratio 2D:4D. Resultados: se encontró una relación directa entre la ratio 2D:4D porcentaje de masa grasa (r=,321 y p<,001) y con el IMC (r=,241 y p<,001). Al segmentar por sexo esta correlación solo se encontró en chicas (r=,408, p<,001 y r=,419, p<,001, respectivamente). Además, se encontraros diferencias significativas entre sexos para altura (p=,002), porcentaje de grasa (p<,001) y masa muscular (p<,001), ratio 2D:4D (p<,001). Conclusiones: existe una relación directa de la ratio 2D:4D con el porcentaje de masa grasa y el IMC en adolescentes de Extremadura; es decir, mayores ratios 2D:4D se asocian a mayores porcentajes de grasa e IMC. Además, las chicas presentan mayores ratios 2D:4D y porcentaje de masa grasa, y menor altura y masa muscular en comparación con los chicosThe ratio 2D:4D is the quotient between the length of the index and ring finger of the hand, associated to the balance between androgens and estrogens, during the embryonic development. A low 2D:4D ratio reflects higher levels of testosterone in the uterus. This measure has been associated to certain body composition parameters, which could be indicative of the likelihood of health risks. Objectives: to analyze if there is a relationship between the 2D:4D ratio and body composition and to explore the differences between the sexes. Methods: An observational and correlational study was carried out with 225 adolescents (108 boys and 117 girls), between the ages of 12 and 17. Anthropometric, body composition and 2D:4D ratio measurements were made. Results: A direct relationship was found between the ratio 2D:4D fat mass percentage (r=.321 and p<.001) and with the BMI (r=.241 and p<.001). When segmented by sex, this correlation was only found in girls (r=.408, p<.001 and r=.419, p<.001, respectively). In addition, significant differences were found between sexes for height (p=.002), fat mass percentage (p<.001) and muscle mass (p<.001), ratio 2D:4D (p<.001). Conclusions: there is a direct relationship between the ratio 2D:4D and the fat mass percentage and BMI in adolescents from Extremadura; that is, higher ratios 2D:4D are associated with higher fat mass percentages and BMI. In addition, girls have higher 2D:4D ratios and fat mass percentage, and lower height and muscle mass compared to boy

2D copper-imidazolate framework without thermal treatment as an efficient ORR electrocatalyst for Zn–air batteries

To face unmet energy demands, the search for more stable, low-cost, and scalable electrocatalyst materials is imperative. Within this context, single-atom catalysts (SACs) have drawn considerable attention due to their maximum atom utilization. With this idea in mind, we have synthesized a new ultrathin and water-stable 2D Cu-based metal-organic framework (2DCIFs), which presents a notable electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline media without the need of calcination, which makes the difference when compared to most MOF-based electrocatalysts. The designed MOF-based SAC consists of single-atom sites (isolated and accessible Cu) coordinated to imidazole carboxylic ligands, giving rise to Cu-N4O actives sites confined into a 2D-nanostructured network. This unique structure, along with the ultrathin nature of nanosheets that favors mass transport and electrical conductivity, and the high chemical stability of these 2DCIFs are the key features of the excellent ORR performance, which occurs by a direct four-electron transfer pathway, an onset potential of 0.86 V vs RHE and a maximum current density of 6.4 mA·cm-2. These good catalytic properties of 2DCIFs have allowed their use as efficient air electrodes in alkaline flooded and all-solid-state Zn-air batteries. In the former case, 2DCIFsbased air electrodes presented a specific power density of 91.2 kW·cm-2·kg-1 and a specific capacity of 296.2 A·h·g-1, significantly exceeding the specific capacity values reported previously for other Cu-based catalysts. Besides, the specific capacity increased to 389.1 A·h·g-1 when 2DCIFs were tested in an all-solid-state Zn-air battery