On the buildup of massive early-type galaxies at z<~1. I- Reconciling their hierarchical assembly with mass-downsizing

Several studies have tried to ascertain whether or not the increase in abundance of the early-type galaxies (E-S0a's) with time is mainly due to major mergers, reaching opposite conclusions. We have tested it directly through semi-analytical modelling, by studying how the massive early-type galaxies with log(M_*/Msun)>11 at z~0 (mETGs) would have evolved backwards-in-time, under the hypothesis that each major merger gives place to an early-type galaxy. The study was carried out just considering the major mergers strictly reported by observations at each redshift, and assuming that gas-rich major mergers experience transitory phases of dust-reddened, star-forming galaxies (DSFs). The model is able to reproduce the observed evolution of the galaxy LFs at z<~1, simultaneously for different rest-frame bands (B, I, and K) and for different selection criteria on color and morphology. It also provides a framework in which apparently-contradictory results on the recent evolution of the luminosity function (LF) of massive, red galaxies can be reconciled, just considering that observational samples of red galaxies can be significantly contaminated by DSFs. The model proves that it is feasible to build up ~50-60% of the present-day mETG population at z<~1 and to reproduce the observational excess by a factor of ~4-5 of late-type galaxies at 0.8<z<1 through the coordinated action of wet, mixed, and dry major mergers, fulfilling global trends that are in general agreement with mass-downsizing. The bulk of this assembly takes place during ~1 Gyr elapsed at 0.8<z<1. The model suggests that major mergers have been the main driver for the observational migration of mass from the massive-end of the blue galaxy cloud to that of the red sequence in the last ~8 Gyr.(Abridged)Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics; 21 pages, 8 figures. Minor corrections included, shortened title. Results and conclusions unchange

Menaces d'accouchement prématuré (traitements tocolytiques)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

LE DEPISTAGE PAR LES MARQUEURS SERIQUES DE LA TRISOMIE 21 (DURANT L'ANNEE 1999) (SERVICE DE GYNECOLOGIE OBSTETRIQUE, CENTRE HOSPITALIER DE LA REGION DE SAINT-OMER)

LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Méthode d'estimation d'un risque potentiel spatialisé de la contamination des eaux de surface par les intrants agricoles à différentes échelles spatiales : application sur les coteaux de Gascogne

This paper presents a method to evaluate the spatial contamination potential due to inputs in agriculture, at different space scaling .The originality of the method resides in the use of a very detailed spatial object : the reference spatial object, adapted to many working scales, with a spatial resolution of 30 x30m. Indicators about agriculture and environment, built the model. They describe the vulnerability of environment ( slopes, pedology, distance to the stream) and the agricultural pressure ( nitrogen and pesticides). The association of these indicators on a pixel indicates the contamination potential of superficial water. The land use for a year comes from Landsat spatial images. This combination is made in the elementary pixel. The space scaling change of the indicator is obtained by aggregation of values which are calculated on each pixel and based on a average value at the studied watersheds areas. The studied land, situated in the hillsides of the Gers department, is constituted by different size watersheds (for example : Save, 1150 km², Boulouze, 70 km², and Montoussé, 6 km²). This method of agriculture and environment territorial diagnostic is a tool for the help to decisions in the application of public policies.Cet article présente une méthode d'estimation d'un risque potentiel spatialisé de contamination des eaux superficielles par intrants utilisés en agriculture à différentes échelles spatiales. L'originalité de la méthode réside dans l'emploi d'un objet spatial de référence ( OSR ) très fin, dont la maille commune aux différentes échelles, a une résolution spatiale de 30x30 m. Le risque potentiel de contamination des eaux de surface est un indicateur composite spatialisé et résulte du croisement d'indicateurs simples descriptifs de la vulnérabilité du milieu ( pentes, pédologie, proximité hydrographique) avec celui de la pression agricole (excédents azotés ou nombre de traitements phytosanitaires). L'occupation du sol pour une campagne agricole est obtenue par classification d'images satellitales Landsat. Cette combinaison est réalisée au niveau de la maille élémentaire. Le changement d'échelle de l'indicateur est obtenu par agrégation des valeurs calculées sur chaque maille suivant une moyenne pondérée à la surface des bassins versants considérés. La zone atelier est située sur les coteaux de Gascogne et comprend des bassins versants emboîtés à des échelles très différentes :la Save, 1150 km², la Boulouze, 70 km², le Montoussé, 6 km². Cette méthode de diagnostic territorial agro-environnemental est un outil d'aide à la décision en vue de l'application des politiques publiques

Evaluation of small-strain shear modulus of Fontainebleau sand based on innovative pressuremeter probe testing in a calibration chamber

This paper presents an experimental study aimed at evaluating the measuring capabilities of an innovative monocellular pressuremeter probe, the Monocell Francis Cour probe, based on calibration testing in the laboratory. The originality of the tested equipment is to allow to evaluate soil properties in both small and large strain domains, without the need of sophisticated punctual displacement measuring arms. This paper focuses on the evaluation of small strain shear modulus G of Fontainebleau sand, NE34, based on tests carried out with this specific pressuremeter probe. Shear modulus values obtained with this probe are then compared with values resulting from more classical elementary tests, showing a fairly good consistency. It is shown, with satisfactory agreement, that it is possible to quantify the influence of the density index of the sand as well as the influence of the mean effective stress around the probe on the shear modulus, based on the analysis of specific unload-reload loops performed during the test. The experimental programme carried out under well-controlled laboratory conditions allows to propose a validation of a method of identification of the shear modulus of sand at small strain levels using this prototype pressuremeterThe accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author

Laboratory Evaluation of the Measuring Capabilities of an Innovative Pressuremeter Probe in Dry Sand

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