Using correspondence to underline changes in a historiographical network. Ideas for an inter-archival analysis starting from the correspondence between Armando Sapori, Gino Luzzatto, Roberto S. Lopez and Angelo Sraffa

The purpose of this study is to analyze some correspondence exchanges to surface links between recurrent entities found in documents, which form a complex network in which correspondents, books, articles and persons cited in the letters, quoted entities linked to academic world and the documents themselves are linked together. The perspective of the multidimensionality of the environment in which sources are, which is composed by the vertical dimension – the correspondence containing the single documents -– and the horizontal dimension – represented by the links between the vertical dimensions – helps to proceed with the analysis of these inter-archival links. This analysis is made of two levels: the focus on correspondence (distant reading) and then on single document that is part of the correspondence (close reading). The correspondence between Armando Sapori and Gino Luzzatto was the starting point for the creation of the dataset, expanded with documents from correspondences between Roberto Sabatino Lopez and Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori and Lopez, Angelo Sraffa and Sapori. The results of network analysis make explicit the connections between the various entities: at the macro level they underline changes over time of correspondence, while at the micro level they highlight links between nodes within individual documents

Using correspondence to underline changes in a historiographical network. Ideas for an inter-archival analysis starting from the correspondence between Armando Sapori, Gino Luzzatto, Roberto S. Lopez and Angelo Sraffa

The purpose of this study is to analyze some correspondence exchanges to surface links between recurrent entities found in documents, which form a complex network in which correspondents, books, articles and persons cited in the letters, quoted entities linked to academic world and the documents themselves are linked together. The perspective of the multidimensionality of the environment in which sources are, which is composed by the vertical dimension – the correspondence containing the single documents -– and the horizontal dimension – represented by the links between the vertical dimensions – helps to proceed with the analysis of these inter-archival links. This analysis is made of two levels: the focus on correspondence (distant reading) and then on single document that is part of the correspondence (close reading). The correspondence between Armando Sapori and Gino Luzzatto was the starting point for the creation of the dataset, expanded with documents from correspondences between Roberto Sabatino Lopez and Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori and Lopez, Angelo Sraffa and Sapori. The results of network analysis make explicit the connections between the various entities: at the macro level they underline changes over time of correspondence, while at the micro level they highlight links between nodes within individual documents

Utilizzo dei carteggi per descrivere i cambiamenti di una rete storiografica. Spunti per un’analisi inter-archivistica partendo dagli scambi epistolari fra fra Armando Sapori, Gino Luzzatto, Roberto S. Lopez e Angelo Sraffa

Lo scopo di questo studio è di analizzare alcuni scambi di corrispondenza per esplicitare una serie di legami tra entità ricorrenti trovate nei documenti, entità che formano un network complesso in cui corrispondenti, persone, libri e articoli citate nelle lettere, entità citate legate al mondo accademico e i documenti stessi sono uniti tra loro. La prospettiva della multidimensionalità dell'ambiente in cui si trovano le fonti, che è composta dalla dimensione verticale - i singoli documenti che compongono la corrispondenza - e la dimensione orizzontale - rappresentata dai collegamenti tra le dimensioni verticali - aiuta a procedere con l'analisi di questi collegamenti inter-archivistici. Questa analisi è effettuata due livelli: il focus sulla corrispondenza generale (distant reading) e poi su un singolo documento facente parte della corrispondenza (close reading). La corrispondenza tra Armando Sapori e Gino Luzzatto è stata il punto di partenza per la creazione del dataset, poi ampliato con i documenti delle corrispondenze tra Roberto Sabatino Lopez e Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori e Lopez, Angelo Sraffa e Sapori. I risultati della network analysis rendono esplicite le connessioni tra le varie entità: a livello macro sottolineano i cambiamenti nel tempo della corrispondenza, mentre a livello micro evidenziano link tra nodi all'interno di singoli documenti.The purpose of this study is to analyze some correspondence exchanges to surface links between recurrent entities found in documents, which form a complex network in which correspondents, books, articles and persons cited in the letters, quoted entities linked to academic world and the documents themselves are linked together.The perspective of the multidimensionality of the environment in which sources are, which is composed by the vertical dimension – the correspondence containing the single documents -– and the horizontal dimension – represented by the links between the vertical dimensions – helps to proceed with the analysis of these inter-archival links. This analysis is made of two levels: the focus on correspondence (distant reading) and then on single document that is part of the correspondence (close reading). The correspondence between Armando Sapori and Gino Luzzatto was the starting point for the creation of the dataset, expanded with documents from correspondences between Roberto Sabatino Lopez and Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori and Lopez, Angelo Sraffa and Sapori. The results of network analysis make explicit the connections between the various entities: at the macro level they underline changes over time of correspondence, while at the micro level they highlight links between nodes within individual documents

Using correspondence to underline changes in a historiographical network. Ideas for an inter-archival analysis starting from the correspondence between Armando Sapori, Gino Luzzatto, Roberto S. Lopez and Angelo Sraffa

The purpose of this study is to analyze some correspondence exchanges to surface links between recurrent entities found in documents, which form a complex network in which correspondents, books, articles and persons cited in the letters, quoted entities linked to academic world and the documents themselves are linked together. The perspective of the multidimensionality of the environment in which sources are, which is composed by the vertical dimension – the correspondence containing the single documents -– and the horizontal dimension – represented by the links between the vertical dimensions – helps to proceed with the analysis of these inter-archival links. This analysis is made of two levels: the focus on correspondence (distant reading) and then on single document that is part of the correspondence (close reading). The correspondence between Armando Sapori and Gino Luzzatto was the starting point for the creation of the dataset, expanded with documents from correspondences between Roberto Sabatino Lopez and Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori and Lopez, Angelo Sraffa and Sapori. The results of network analysis make explicit the connections between the various entities: at the macro level they underline changes over time of correspondence, while at the micro level they highlight links between nodes within individual documents

Utilizzo dei carteggi per descrivere i cambiamenti di una rete storiografica. Spunti per un’analisi inter-archivistica partendo dagli scambi epistolari fra fra Armando Sapori, Gino Luzzatto, Roberto S. Lopez e Angelo Sraffa

Lo scopo di questo studio è di analizzare alcuni scambi di corrispondenza per esplicitare una serie di legami tra entità ricorrenti trovate nei documenti, entità che formano un network complesso in cui corrispondenti, persone, libri e articoli citate nelle lettere, entità citate legate al mondo accademico e i documenti stessi sono uniti tra loro. La prospettiva della multidimensionalità dell'ambiente in cui si trovano le fonti, che è composta dalla dimensione verticale - i singoli documenti che compongono la corrispondenza - e la dimensione orizzontale - rappresentata dai collegamenti tra le dimensioni verticali - aiuta a procedere con l'analisi di questi collegamenti inter-archivistici. Questa analisi è effettuata due livelli: il focus sulla corrispondenza generale (distant reading) e poi su un singolo documento facente parte della corrispondenza (close reading). La corrispondenza tra Armando Sapori e Gino Luzzatto è stata il punto di partenza per la creazione del dataset, poi ampliato con i documenti delle corrispondenze tra Roberto Sabatino Lopez e Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori e Lopez, Angelo Sraffa e Sapori. I risultati della network analysis rendono esplicite le connessioni tra le varie entità: a livello macro sottolineano i cambiamenti nel tempo della corrispondenza, mentre a livello micro evidenziano link tra nodi all'interno di singoli documenti.The purpose of this study is to analyze some correspondence exchanges to surface links between recurrent entities found in documents, which form a complex network in which correspondents, books, articles and persons cited in the letters, quoted entities linked to academic world and the documents themselves are linked together.The perspective of the multidimensionality of the environment in which sources are, which is composed by the vertical dimension – the correspondence containing the single documents -– and the horizontal dimension – represented by the links between the vertical dimensions – helps to proceed with the analysis of these inter-archival links. This analysis is made of two levels: the focus on correspondence (distant reading) and then on single document that is part of the correspondence (close reading). The correspondence between Armando Sapori and Gino Luzzatto was the starting point for the creation of the dataset, expanded with documents from correspondences between Roberto Sabatino Lopez and Gino Luzzatto, Armando Sapori and Lopez, Angelo Sraffa and Sapori. The results of network analysis make explicit the connections between the various entities: at the macro level they underline changes over time of correspondence, while at the micro level they highlight links between nodes within individual documents

Multivariate data validation for investigating primary HCMV infection in pregnancy

We reported data concerning the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) based metabolomic analysis of amniotic fluid (AF) samples obtained from pregnant women infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). These data support the publication “Primary HCMV Infection in Pregnancy from Classic Data towards Metabolomics: an Exploratory analysis” (C. Fattuoni, F. Palmas, A. Noto, L. Barberini, M. Mussap, et al., 2016) [2]. GC–MS and Multivariate analysis allow to recognize the molecular phenotype of HCMV infected fetuses (transmitters) and that of HCMV non-infected fetuses (non-transmitters); moreover, GC–MS and multivariate analysis allow to distinguish and to compare the molecular phenotype of these two groups with a control group consisting of AF samples obtained in HCMV non-infected pregnant women. The obtained data discriminate controls from transmitters as well as from non-transmitters; no statistically significant difference was found between transmitters and non-transmitters

Primary HCMV infection in pregnancy: preliminary metabolomic data on amniotic fluid

Contribution of phenyalalnine metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways in amniotic fluid in mother affected by gestational diabetes

Treatment with valacyclovir during pregnancy for prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus infection: real-life data from Italy (MEGAL-ITALI study)

Background: Valacyclovir (VCV) is the only treatment demonstrated to be effective for prevention of vertical transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) within a clinical randomized, placebo controlled, trial and is reimbursed by the Italian National System since 2020. Objectives: We report the results of a real-life Italian multicenter observational study (MEGAL-ITALI) on CMV infection in pregnancy evaluating the impact of the introduction of VCV in the clinical practice for the prevention of vertical transmission of CMV. Study design: The outcomes of women who received VCV treatment and their fetuses / newborns were compared with those of a retrospective cohort observed between 2010 and 2019 who did not receive the antiviral treatment. Inclusion criteria was diagnosis of CMV primary infection occurring in the periconceptional period or up to 24 weeks gestation. Primary outcome was the transmission by the time of amniocentesis. Secondary outcomes were termination of pregnancy, transmission at birth, symptomatic infection at birth, and a composite outcome (termination of pregnancy or transmission at birth). Results: 447 pregnant women from 10 centers were enrolled, 205 treated with valacyclovir (called VCV group, including one twin pregnancy) and 242 untreated (including two twin pregnancies, called no-VCV group). VCV treatment was significantly associated with reduction of cCMV diagnosis by the time of amniocentesis (weighted odds ratio, OR, 0.39, 90% CI, 0.22-0.68; p = 0.005, relative reduction 61%), termination of pregnancy (weighted OR, 0.36, 90% CI, 0.17-0.75; p = 0.0021, relative reduction 64%), symptomatic cCMV infection at birth (weighted OR, 0.17, 90% CI, 0.06-0.49; p = 0.006, relative reduction 83%). The treatment had no significant effect on the rate of cCMV diagnosis at birth (weighted OR, 0.85, 90% CI, 0.57-1.26; p = 0.500), but the composite outcome (termination of pregnancy or diagnosis of cCMV at birth) occurred more frequently in the no VCV group (weighted OR, 0.62, 90% C, 0.44-0.88; p=0.024) Of note, the three symptomatic newborns with cCMV in the VCV group were among those with positive amniocentesis. Nineteen women (9.3%) complained an adverse reaction to valacyclovir treatment classified as mild in 17 cases and moderate in 2 cases. Four women presented renal toxicity (1.9%) with a slight increase of creatinine, reversible after treatment suspension. Conclusions: Our real-life data confirms that valacyclovir significantly reduces the cCMV rate at the time of amniocentesis with a good tolerability profile and shows that the treatment is associated with reduction of termination of pregnancy and symptomatic cCMV at birth

Emergency Department and Out-of-Hospital Emergency System (112-AREU 118) integrated response to Coronavirus Disease 2019 in a Northern Italy centre

Since December 2019, the world has been facing the life-threatening disease, named Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The response of the Emergency Medicine network, integrating "out-of-hospital" and "hospital" activation, is crucial whenever the health system has to face a medical emergency, being caused by natural or human-derived disasters as well as by a rapidly spreading epidemic outbreak. We here report the Pavia Emergency Medicine network response to the COVID-19 outbreak. The "out-of-hospital" response was analysed in terms of calls, rescues and missions, whereas the "hospital" response was detailed as number of admitted patients and subsequent hospitalisation or discharge. The data in the first 5 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak (February 21-March 26, 2020) were compared with a reference time window referring to the previous 5 weeks (January 17-February 20, 2020) and with the corresponding historical average data from the previous 5 years (February 21-March 26). Since February 21, 2020, a sudden and sustained increase in the calls to the AREU 112 system was noted (+\u2009440%). After 5 weeks, the number of calls and missions was still higher as compared to both the reference pre-Covid-19 period (+\u200948% and\u2009+\u200910%, respectively) and the historical control (+\u200953% and\u2009+\u200922%, respectively). Owing to the overflow from the neighbouring hospitals, which rapidly became overwhelmed and had to temporarily close patient access, the population served by the Pavia system more than doubled (from 547.251 to 1.135.977 inhabitants,\u2009+\u2009108%). To minimize the possibility of intra-hospital spreading of the infection, a separate "Emergency Department-Infective Disease" was created, which evaluated 1241 patients with suspected infection (38% of total ED admissions). Out of these 1241 patients, 58.0% (n\u2009=\u2009720) were admitted in general wards (n\u2009=\u2009629) or intensive care unit (n\u2009=\u200991). To allow this massive number of admissions, the hospital reshaped many general ward Units, which became Covid-19 Units (up to 270 beds) and increased the intensive care unit beds from 32 to 60. In the setting of a long-standing continuing emergency like the present Covid-19 outbreak, the integration, interaction and team work of the "out-of-hospital" and "in-hospital" systems have a pivotal role. The present study reports how the rapid and coordinated reorganization of both might help in facing such a disaster. AREU-112 and the Emergency Department should be ready to finely tune their usual cooperation to respond to a sudden and overwhelming increase in the healthcare needs brought about by a pandemia like the current one. This lesson should shape and reinforce the future

Tocilizumab for treatment of severe covid-19 patients: Preliminary results from smatteo covid19 registry (smacore)

Objective: This study aimed to assess the role of Tocilizumab therapy (TCZ) in terms of ICU admission and mortality rate of critically ill patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Design: Patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were prospectively enrolled in SMAtteo COvid19 REgistry (SMACORE). A retrospective analysis of patients treated with TCZ matched using propensity score to patients treated with Standard Of Care (SOC) was conducted. Setting: The study was conducted at IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy, from March 14, 2020 to March 27, 2020. Participants: Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 hospitalized in our institution at the time of TCZ availability. Interventions: TCZ was administered to 21 patients. The first administration was 8 mg/kg (up to a maximum 800 mg per dose) of Tocilizumab intravenously, repeated after 12 h if no side effects were reported after the first dose. Main Outcomes and Measures: ICU admission and 7-day mortality rate. Secondary outcomes included clinical and laboratory data. Results: There were 112 patients evaluated (82 were male and 30 were female, with a median age of 63.55 years). Using propensity scores, the 21 patients who received TCZ were matched to 21 patients who received SOC (a combination of hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and prophylactic dose of low weight heparin). No adverse event was detected following TCZ administration. This study found that treatment with TCZ did not significantly affect ICU admission (OR 0.11; 95% CI between 0.00 and 3.38; p = 0.22) or 7-day mortality rate (OR 0.78; 95% CI between 0.06 and 9.34; p = 0.84) when compared with SOC. Analysis of laboratory measures showed significant interactions between time and treatment regarding C-Reactive Protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelets and international normalized ratio (INR) levels. Variation in lymphocytes count was observed over time, irrespective of treatment. Conclusions: TCZ administration did not reduce ICU admission or mortality rate in a cohort of 21 patients. Additional data are needed to understand the effect(s) of TCZ in treating patients diagnosed with COVID-19