Els informes mèdics són entenedors per a qui els ha de llegir?

En general, després d’una assistència mèdica, ja es tracti d’una exploració diagnòstica, d’un procediment ambulatori (per a diagnosi o tractament) o d’un ingrés hospitalari, el metge (o a vegades un altre professional de la sanitat) escriu un informe en què reflecteix el procés diagnòstic o terapèutic que s’ha dut a terme durant aquesta assistència sanitària. El destinatari d’aquest document mèdic és el pacient (i els seus familiars més propers), però també altres professionals sanitaris que, possiblement, l’hauran d’atendre amb posterioritat. Sovint, el text dels informes mèdics inclou un vocabulari especialitzat que comporta dificultat de comprensió per part de les persones alienes al món sanitari; però els textos també poden ser poc entenedors (fins i tot per als metges) per la presència d’abreviacions.Mots clau: llenguatge mèdic, informes mèdics, abreviacions, abreviatures, sigles, símbols.ResumenGeneralmente, después de una asistencia médica, ya se trate de una exploración diagnóstica, de un procedimiento ambulatorio (para diagnóstico o tratamiento) o de un ingreso hospitalario, el médico (o a veces otro profesional de la sanitad) escribe un informe donde refleja el proceso diagnóstico o terapéutico realizado durante dicha asistencia sanitaria. El destinatario de este documento médico es el propio paciente (y sus familiares más próximos), pero también otros profesionales sanitarios que (posiblemente) lo atenderán en otra ocasión. A menudo, el texto de los informes médicos incorpora un vocabulario especializado que comporta alguna dificultad de comprensión por parte de personas ajenas al mundo sanitario; pero los textos también pueden ser de difícil comprensión (incluso para los médicos) por la presencia de abreviaciones. Palabras clave: lenguaje médico, informes médicos, abreviaciones, siglas, símbolos.AbstractUsually, after receiving medical assistance, whether for diagnostic explorations, or ambulatory procedures, or a hospital admission, the doctor (or another healthcare professional) writes a report to state the diagnostic or therapeutic procedures that have been performed during the visit or hospital stay. The recipient of this medical report is the patient himself (and his or her closest relative), but these reports are also to be read by other healthcare professionals that will possibly take care of the patient in the future. Often, medical reports include specialized vocabulary that makes it difficult to understand by those outside the healthcare field; but reports also can be difficult to comprehend (even by other doctors) due to the presence of abbreviations. Key words: medical language, medical reports, abbreviations, acronyms, symbols

Value-Based Reinforcement Learning algorithms in Sparse Distributed Memories to solve the Mountain-Car Problem

Treballs Finals de Grau de Física, Facultat de Física, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2015, Tutor: Paolo PellegrinoIn the framework of digital electronics optimization of the memory resources used is a crucial issue. Therefore many Control algorithms are studied in order to improve the trade-off between computational power and memory requirements. In this work we explore some possibilities to improve current state-of-the-art Temporal-Difference (TD) Reinforcement Learning (RL) strategies. We made use of a type of local function approximation structures known as Sparse Distributed Memories (SDMs). The interest of this investigation underlies on the belief that SDMs architectures can help to avoid the exponential increase of memory sizes due to a linear increase in the state’s variables. Because RL doesn´t rely in prior information of the environment this is a frequent problem for these algorithms, as a lot of different features can appear to play a role when in fact only few of them are really relevant for the agent; a sampling of the states along with a method to generalize unseen states’ values becomes a must.The main achievement has been a method capable to distribute the memory locations which ensured that regions in the state space more needed had a more intense coverage, with the purpose to improve approximations’ resolution while keeping low memory requirements and high-dimensional scalability. We gave attention also to another issues as the reduction in the number of parameters

LA FEMINIZACIÓN DEL EJERCICIO PROFESIONAL DE LA TRADUCCIÓN EDITORIAL: ENTRE LA PRECARIEDAD Y EL ENTUSIASMO

A progressive feminization of the profession of literary translation is occurring in the Spanish editorial sector for several reasons. When analysing the age groups it is shown that the proportion of women translators is increasing and soon they will be a majority. In this context the question is whether this feminization is accompanied by some kind of glass ceiling barrier related to the prestige of the translated work, the rates or the total profits; and, as a result, women translators are subject to a double invisibility: the one derived from the fact of being a woman and the intrinsic to a not highly regarded profession.Por causas diversas, en el mundo editorial español se estáproduciendo una feminización progresiva de la profesión detraductor literario. Analizados los datos por franjas de edad, seobserva que en breve será mucho mayor la proporción detraductoras que la de traductores. En este sentido cabe preguntarsesi esta feminización va acompañada de algún tipo de techode cristal en relación con el prestigio de las obras traducidas, lastarifas o los ingresos. Y si, como resultado de lo dicho, lastraductoras se ven sujetas a la doble invisibilidad derivada de lacondición femenina y la inherente a una profesión consideradasubalterna

Inglés-castellano la traducción de elementos culturales en Microsiervos, de D. Coupland

Exemplar dedicat a: VI Jornadas en torno a la traducción literari

Snail1 transcriptional repressor binds to its own promoter and controls its expression

The product of Snail1 gene is a transcriptional repressor of E-cadherin expression and an inductor of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in several epithelial tumour cell lines. Transcription of Snail1 is induced when epithelial cells are forced to acquire a mesenchymal phenotype. In this work we demonstrate that Snail1 protein limits its own expression: Snail1 binds to an E-box present in its promoter (at −146 with respect to the transcription start) and represses its activity. Therefore, mutation of the E-box increases Snail1 transcription in epithelial and mesenchymal cells. Evidence of binding of ectopic or endogenous Snail1 to its own promoter was obtained by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) experiments. Studies performed expressing different forms of Snail1 under the control of its own promoter demonstrate that disruption of the regulatory loop increases the cellular levels of Snail protein. These results indicate that expression of Snail1 gene can be regulated by its product and evidence the existence of a fine-tuning feed-back mechanism of regulation of Snail1 transcription