961 research outputs found

    Multiplicative ergodicity of Laplace transforms for additive functional of Markov chains

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    We study properties of the Laplace transforms of non-negative additive functionals of Markov chains. We are namely interested in a multiplicative ergodicity property used in [18] to study bifurcating processes with ancestral dependence. We develop a general approach based on the use of the operator perturbation method. We apply our general results to two examples of Markov chains, including a linear autoregressive model. In these two examples the operator-type assumptions reduce to some expected finite moment conditions on the functional (no exponential moment conditions are assumed in this work)

    The Nagaev-Guivarc'h method via the Keller-Liverani theorem

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    The Nagaev-Guivarc'h method, via the perturbation operator theorem of Keller and Liverani, has been exploited in recent papers to establish local limit and Berry-Essen type theorems for unbounded functionals of strongly ergodic Markov chains. The main difficulty of this approach is to prove Taylor expansions for the dominating eigenvalue of the Fourier kernels. This paper outlines this method and extends it by proving a multi-dimensional local limit theorem, a first-order Edgeworth expansion, and a multi-dimensional Berry-Esseen type theorem in the sense of Prohorov metric. When applied to uniformly or geometrically ergodic chains and to iterative Lipschitz models, the above cited limit theorems hold under moment conditions similar, or close, to those of the i.i.d. case

    On the recurrence set of planar Markov Random Walks

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    In this paper, we investigate the properties of recurrent planar Markov random walks. More precisely, we study the set of recurrent points with the use of local limit theorems. The Nagaev-Guivarc'h spectral method provides several examples for which these local limit theorems are satisfied as soon as the (standard or non-standard) central limit theorem holds

    indicateur avancé de l'OFCE.

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    L'indicateur avancé de l'OFCE

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    Cet article présente les principes de construction d’un indicateur avancé pour l’économie française, ainsi que son utilisation possible. L’objectif est de prévoir la croissance du PIB pour le trimestre en cours et le trimestre à venir. L’indicateur avancé incorpore des informations conjoncturelles à fréquence mensuelle et peut être ainsi calculé chaque mois. Deux blocs de variables entrent dans la composition de l’indicateur : un bloc réel contenant des variables coïncidentes et avancées d’un trimestre, et un bloc financier regroupant des variables avancées d’au moins trois trimestres. Les contributions de chaque bloc sont analysées pour apprécier le rôle des différents facteurs. Puis l’indicateur est mis en œuvre dans un exercice rétrospectif de prévision. Les résultats paraissent significatifs et confèrent à l’instrument un caractère opérationnel qui devra toutefois être éprouvé au fil des prévisions

    Ethical issues arising from the requirement to sign a consent form in palliative care.

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    International audienceFrench healthcare networks aim to help healthcare workers to take care of patients by improving cooperation, coordination and the continuity of care. When applied to palliative care in the home, they facilitate overall care including medical, social and psychological aspects. French legislation in 2002 required that an information document explaining the functioning of the network should be given to patients when they enter a healthcare network. The law requires that this document be signed. Ethical issues arise from this legislation with regard to the validity of the signature of dying patients. Signature of the consent form by a guardian or trustee, a designated person--the Person of Trust--transforms the doctor-patient relationship into a triangular doctor-patient-third-party relationship

    A comprehensive study of the use of temporal moments in time-resolved diffuse optical tomography: part II. Three-dimensional reconstructions

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    International audienceThis paper addresses the inverse problem of time-resolved (fluorescence) diffuse optical tomography from temporal moments of the measurements. A methodology that enables one to provide fairly comparable reconstructions is presented. The proposed reconstruction methodology is applied to infinite medium synthetic phantoms in the transmission geometry. Reconstructions are performed for moment orders increasing from 0 to 3. The reconstruction quality is shown to be increasing when higher moment orders are added. However, the value of the highest useful moments order strongly depends on the number of photons that can be acquired. In particular, it can be considered that the benefit of using higher order moments vanishes when fewer than 108 photons are detected. The evolution of the reconstruction quality with respect to the optical properties of the medium and fluorescence lifetime is also shown

    Contre vents et marées:Perspectives 2001-2002 pour l’économie française

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    La prévision de croissance de l’OFCE est de 3,0 % pour l’année 2001 et de 3,3 % pour l’année 2002. La dynamique de croissance enclenchée en France et en Europe depuis 1997 se poursuit malgré un contexte international dégradé. La révision de croissance est importante, de 0,7 point pour l’année 2001. Le ralentissement américain et ses conséquences sur l’économie mondiale sont à l’origine de cette moindre croissance. Néanmoins, la dynamique interne n’est pas remise en cause. L’investissement reste le moteur de la croissance et les créations d’emplois dynamiques alimentent le revenu des ménages et leur consommation. La politique fiscale et budgétaire est neutre et les baisses d’impôts engagées compensent le dynamisme des recettes fiscales
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