Equações não lineares para determinar a curva de crescimento de suínos imunocastrados

The objective of this work was to compare the performance of the nonlinear Gompertz, logistic, and von Bertalanffy equations, to describe the growth curve of immunocastrated male pigs from birth until reaching 140 kg body weight. Standard error, number of iterations, mean square of the error, and coefficient of determination were compared between the models. The logistic and von Bertalanffy equations do not accurately estimate the initial and slaughter weights. The Gompertz equation shows the highest reliability and is, therefore, the most suitable one to describe the growth curve of immunocastrated pigs from birth until 140 kg body weight is reached.O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho das equações não lineares de Gompertz, logística e a de von Bertalanffy, para descrever a curva de crescimento de suínos machos imunocastrados, desde o nascimento até atingirem 140 kg de massa corporal. O erro-padrão, o número de iterações, o quadrado médio do erro e o coeficiente de determinação foram comparados entre os modelos. A equação logística e a de von Bertalanffy não estimam com precisão as massas inicial e de abate. A equação de Gompertz apresenta maior confiabilidade e é, portanto, a mais adequada para descrever a curva de crescimento de suínos imunocastrados, desde o nascimento até a obtenção de140 kg de massa corporal

Percepção das equipes de saúde da família sobre a implantação da política saúde do homem

Com o objetivo de promover a assistência integral à saúde do homem, visando reduzir as taxas de morbimortalidade masculina o Ministério da Saúde (MS), em 2009, lançou a Política Nacional de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Homem - PNAISH, tendo a atenção primária como porta de entrada preferencial do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), privilegiando a Estratégia de Saúde da Família, como modelo assistencial para o atendimento das necessidades da população masculina. Objetivo: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório com objetivo de conhecer as percepções de trabalhadores de duas equipes de Unidades de Saúde da Família em relação ao processo de implantação da PNAISH. Método: Estudo de abordagem qualitativa, descritivo e exploratório, realizada por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Resultados: Dentre os principais resultados observados destacam-se as escassas ações com vistas a atender as necessidades da população masculina. Estas poucas ações centram-se na perspectiva curativista baseada no modelo biomédico. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário que as equipes de saúde que trabalham na atenção primária, nível selecionado para implementação da PNAISH, sejam envolvidos e capacitados para que possam desenvolver em suas unidades estratégias inclusivas para a população masculina a fim de melhor atender suas demandas

What happens to intolerant, relapsed or refractory chronic myeloid leukemia patients without access to clinical trials?

Objective: To assess clinical outcomes of intolerant, relapsed or refractory patients who could not be treated with new tyrosine kinase inhibitors or experimental therapies. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 90 chronic myeloid leukemia patients in all phases of the disease treated with imatinib mesylate as their first TKI therapy, and with dasatinib or nilotinib as the next line of therapy. We evaluated clinical outcomes of these patients, with special focus on the group that needed more than two therapy lines. Results: Thirty-nine percent of patients were refractory or intolerant to imatinib. An 8-year overall survival rate of the patients who went through three or more lines of treatment was significantly lower, compared to those who were able to maintain imatinib as their first-line therapy (83% and 22%, respectively p < 0.01). Decreased overall survival was associated with advanced-phase disease (p < 0.01), failure to achieve major molecular response in first-line treatment (p < 0.01) and interruption of first-line treatment due to any reason (p = 0.023). Failure in achieving complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response and treatment interruption were associated with the progression to the third-line treatment. Conclusion: The critical outcome observed in relapsed, intolerant or refractory chronic phase CML patients reflects the unmet need for this group of patients without an alternative therapy, such as new drugs or experimental therapies in clinical trials. Broader access to newer treatment possibilities is a crucial asset to improve survival among CML patients, especially those refractory or intolerant to first-line therapies

A pesquisa convergente assistencial como estímulo para a consolidação da humanização da assistência de enfermagem ao parto

Este estudo teve por objetivo refletir sobre o uso do Grupo de Convergência (GC) como ferramenta motivadora para consolidação de práticas assistenciais humanizadas da enfermagem durante o processo de parir. O quadro teórico relata o surgimento da enfermagem obstétrica no Brasil e apresenta a Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial (PCA) como metodologia para construção de ferramentas para consolidação de práticas assistenciais em saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo de natureza Convergente-Assistencial, realizado em uma Unidade de Pré-parto/Parto/Puerpério (PPP) de um hospital federal universitário, localizado na região centro-oeste do Brasil. A colheita de dados foi obtida por meio da utilização do tripé da PCA (Grupo de convergência; Entrevista Conversação e Observação Participante). Os sujeitos do estudo foram seis Enfermeiras Obstetras (EO) a exercer funções na unidade de PPP. A análise foi realizada com base na proposta de Trentini e Paim (2014), que se concretiza em quatro processos: apreensão, síntese, teorização e transferência. Os resultados apontam que a PCA, por meio das reflexões proporcionadas pelos GC, realizados para a elaboração de uma ferramenta com o intuito de subsidiar a prática assistencial das EO, proporcionou a integração e uniformidade das práticas e condutas assistenciais entre a equipe; o quadro institucional e jurídico para realização de tais práticas; contribuiu para o empoderamento das EO; estimulou o exercício da autonomia dessas profissionais e influenciou o início da incorporação de novas práticas (baseada nas evidencias científicas atuais), fortalecendo as práticas humanizadas de assistência de enfermagem ao processo do trabalho de parto. Portanto, considera-se que a construção coletiva de uma ferramenta para a assistência da enfermagem ao parto, propiciado pelos GC, se traduziu em uma potencial estratégia para a consolidação da assistência de enfermagem humanizada ao parto.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A ligation assay for multiplex analysis of CpG methylation using bisulfite-treated DNA

Aberrant methylation of promoter CpG islands is causally linked with a number of inherited syndromes and most sporadic cancers, and may provide valuable diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. In this report, we describe an approach to simultaneous analysis of multiple CpG islands, where methylation-specific oligonucleotide probes are joined by ligation and subsequently amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) when hybridized in juxtaposition on bisulfite-treated DNA. Specificity of the ligation reaction is achieved by (i) using probes containing CpGpCpG (for methylated sequences) or CpApCpA (for unmethylated sequences) at the 3′ ends, (ii) including three or more probes for each target, and (iii) using a thermostable DNA ligase. The external probes carry universal tails to allow amplification of multiple ligation products using a common primer pair. As proof-of-principle applications, we established duplex assays to examine the FMR1 promoter in individuals with fragile-X syndrome and the SNRPN promoter in individuals with Prader-Willi syndrome or Angelman syndrome, and a multiplex assay to simultaneously detect hypermethylation of seven genes (ID4, APC, RASSF1A, CDH1, ESR1, HIN1 and TWIST1) in breast cancer cell lines and tissues. These data show that ligation of oligonucleotide probes hybridized to bisulfite-treated DNA is a simple and cost-effective approach to analysis of CpG methylation

Physiotherapy Care of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - A Brazilian Experience

Some patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) present with severe acute respiratory syndrome, which causes multiple organ dysfunction, besides dysfunction of the respiratory system, that requires invasive procedures. On the basis of the opinions of front-line experts and a review of the relevant literature on several topics, we proposed clinical practice recommendations on the following aspects for physiotherapists facing challenges in treating patients and containing virus spread: 1. personal protective equipment, 2. conventional chest physiotherapy, 3. exercise and early mobilization, 4. oxygen therapy, 5. nebulizer treatment, 6. noninvasive ventilation and high-flow nasal oxygen, 7. endotracheal intubation, 8. protective mechanical ventilation, 9. management of mechanical ventilation in severe and refractory cases of hypoxemia, 10. prone positioning, 11. cuff pressure, 12. tube and nasotracheal suction, 13. humidifier use for ventilated patients, 14. methods of weaning ventilated patients and extubation, and 15. equipment and hand hygiene. These recommendations can serve as clinical practice guidelines for physiotherapists. This article details the development of guidelines on these aspects for physiotherapy of patients with COVID-19

Children at danger: injury fatalities among children in San Diego County

External causes of death are important in the pediatric population worldwide. We performed an analysis of all injury-fatalities in children between ages zero and 17 years, between January 2000 and December 2006, in San Diego County, California, United States of America. Information was obtained from the County of San Diego Medical Examiner’s database. External causes were selected and grouped by intent and mechanism. Demographics, location of death and relation between the injury mechanism and time of death were described. There were 884 medico-legal examinations, of which 480 deaths were due to external causes. There majority were males (328, 68.3%) and whites (190, 39.6%). The most prevalent mechanism of injury leading to death was road traffic accidents (40.2%), followed by asphyxia (22.7%) and penetrating trauma (17.7%). Unintentional injuries occurred in 65.8% and intentional injuries, including homicide and suicide, occurred in 24.2 and 9.4%, respectively. Death occurred at the scene in 196 cases (40.9%). Most deaths occurred in highways (35.3%) and at home (28%). One hundred forty-six patients (30.4%) died in the first 24 h. Seven percent died 1 week after the initial injury. Among the cases that died at the scene, 48.3% were motor vehicle accidents, 20.9% were victims of firearms, 6.5% died from poisoning, 5% from hanging, and 4% from drowning. External causes remain an important cause of death in children in San Diego County. Specific strategies to decrease road-traffic accidents and homicides must be developed and implemented to reduce the burden of injury-related deaths in children

TENDÊNCIA DA MORTALIDADE MASCULINA, 2002-2012: ESTUDO DE SÉRIE TEMPORAL DE UMA CAPITAL DO PANTANAL BRASILEIRO

RESUMO OBJETIVO: analisar a tendência da mortalidade masculina em Cuiabá-Mato Grosso em homens entre 20 e 59 anos, no período de 2002-2012. MÉTODO: estudo ecológico de série temporal. Foram calculados os coeficientes padronizados da mortalidade masculina segundo grupos de causas. Para análise da tendência da série temporal foi utilizado o modelo de regressão linear de Prais-Winsten. RESULTADOS: observou-se tendência ao crescimento das neoplasias malignas (taxa de incremento: 3,2% ao ano e IC95% 0,2 a 6,4) e redução das causas externas (taxa de incremento: -2% ao ano e IC95% -2,8 a -1,2). CONCLUSÃO: os coeficientes de mortalidade nessa população ainda se apresentam extremamente altos. Nesse sentido, é importante ressaltar a necessidade da articulação entre os serviços, focando a prevenção das mortes, especialmente as evitáveis e as que acometem a população masculina mais jovem

Single channel approach for filtering electroencephalographic signals strongly contaminated with facial electromyography

Eliminating facial electromyographic (EMG) signal from the electroencephalogram (EEG) is crucial for the accuracy of applications such as brain computer interfaces (BCIs) and brain functionality measurement. Facial electromyography typically corrupts the electroencephalogram. Although it is possible to find in the literature a number of multi-channel approaches for filtering corrupted EEG, studies employing single-channel approaches are scarce. In this context, this study proposed a single-channel method for attenuating facial EMG noise from contaminated EEG. The architecture of the method allows for the evaluation and incorporation of multiple decomposition and adaptive filtering techniques. The decomposition method was responsible for generating EEG or EMG reference signals for the adaptive filtering stage. In this study, the decomposition techniques CiSSA, EMD, EEMD, EMD-PCA, SSA, and Wavelet were evaluated. The adaptive filtering methods RLS, Wiener, LMS, and NLMS were investigated. A time and frequency domain set of features were estimated from experimental signals to evaluate the performance of the single channel method. This set of characteristics permitted the characterization of the contamination of distinct facial muscles, namely Masseter, Frontalis, Zygomatic, Orbicularis Oris, and Orbicularis Oculi. Data were collected from ten healthy subjects executing an experimental protocol that introduced the necessary variability to evaluate the filtering performance. The largest level of contamination was produced by the Masseter muscle, as determined by statistical analysis of the set of features and visualization of topological maps. Regarding the decomposition method, the SSA method allowed for the generation of more suitable reference signals, whereas the RLS and NLMS methods were more suitable when the reference signal was derived from the EEG. In addition, the LMS and RLS methods were more appropriate when the reference signal was the EMG. This study has a number of practical implications, including the use of filtering techniques to reduce EEG contamination caused by the activation of facial muscles required by distinct types of studies. All the developed code, including examples, is available to facilitate a more accurate reproduction and improvement of the results of this study

Ontogenetic De Novo Copy Number Variations (CNVs) as a Source of Genetic Individuality: Studies on Two Families with MZD Twins for Schizophrenia

Genetic individuality is the foundation of personalized medicine, yet its determinants are currently poorly understood. One issue is the difference between monozygotic twins that are assumed identical and have been extensively used in genetic studies for decades [1]. Here, we report genome-wide alterations in two nuclear families each with a pair of monozygotic twins discordant for schizophrenia evaluated by the Affymetrix 6.0 human SNP array. The data analysis includes characterization of copy number variations (CNVs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs). The results have identified genomic differences between twin pairs and a set of new provisional schizophrenia genes. Samples were found to have between 35 and 65 CNVs per individual. The majority of CNVs (∼80%) represented gains. In addition, ∼10% of the CNVs were de novo (not present in parents), of these, 30% arose during parental meiosis and 70% arose during developmental mitosis. We also observed SNPs in the twins that were absent from both parents. These constituted 0.12% of all SNPs seen in the twins. In 65% of cases these SNPs arose during meiosis compared to 35% during mitosis. The developmental mitotic origin of most CNVs that may lead to MZ twin discordance may also cause tissue differences within individuals during a single pregnancy and generate a high frequency of mosaics in the population. The results argue for enduring genome-wide changes during cellular transmission, often ignored in most genetic analyses