Enjeux et effets de la narration au nous dans Une rose pour Emily de William Faulkner

Le projet de création Le chasseur inconnu est un roman dont la narration problématique – au nous – constitue la principale particularité. Campé dans un village non identifié dont les habitants se réunissent chaque semaine pour débattre de leurs problèmes et pour potiner, ce texte de fiction se déploie grâce aux voix de narrateurs mystérieux et à leur ton parfois aux limites de l’absurde. L’essai réflexif qui suit le roman propose une étude des enjeux et des effets de la narration au nous dans la nouvelle Une rose pour Emily de William Faulkner.The novel Le chasseur inconnu’s most defining characteristic is its narration ;  an unnatural we narration. The story takes place in an unknown town where villagers meet every week to discuss their problems and to gossip. As the plot unfolds, the mysterious narrators and their absurd voices become increasingly important and stress the narrative peculiarity of the novel. The essay following Le chasseur inconnu offers a study of we narration in William Faulkner’s short story A Rose for Emily

A conceptual model for anticipating the impact of landscape evolution on groundwater recharge in degrading permafrost environments

Temperatures in the arctic and subarctic are rising at more than twice the rate of the global average, driving the accelerated thawing of permafrost across the region. The impacts of permafrost degradation have been studied in the discontinuous permafrost zone at Umiujaq, in northern Quebec, Canada, for over 30 years, but the effects of changing land cover on groundwater recharge is not well understood. The water table fluctuation method was used to compute groundwater recharge using four years of water level data and soil moisture readings from five field sites characteristic of different stages of permafrost degradation and vegetation invasion. Results indicate that as vegetation grows taller, groundwater recharge increases, likely due to increased snow thickness. Results were then combined with a preexisting conceptual model that describes the evolution from tundra to shrubland and forests to create a new model for describing how groundwater recharge is affected by landscape evolution

Hydrogeology of a complex Champlain Sea deposit (Quebec, Canada) : implications for slope stability

The thick sequences of marine clayey deposits which blanket the St. Lawrence Lowlands in south-eastern Canada are highly susceptible to landslides. With 89% of the population of the Province of Quebec living in this region, improving our understanding of the mechanisms causing landslides in these sediments is a matter of public security. To accomplish this goal, instruments were deployed at a field site in Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade, Quebec, Canada to monitor atmospheric, soil, and groundwater conditions. Field and laboratory measurements of soil geotechnical and hydraulic properties were also performed. Results indicate that the groundwater and pore pressure dynamics at the site cannot be explained using simplified site conceptual models. Further analysis indicates that groundwater dynamics and pore pressures in the massive clay deposits on-site are determined by (i) the highly-heterogeneous nature of the local geological materials (ii) the contrasting hydraulic and geotechnical properties of these materials, (iii) the presence of two unconfined aquifers at the site, one surficial and one at depth, and (iv), the presence of the Sainte-Anne River. These results were used to create a new conceptual model which illustrates the complex groundwater flow system present on site, and shows the importance of including hydrogeologic context in slope stability analysis

Ice wedges as archives of winter palaeoclimate: a review

Ice wedges are a characteristic feature of northern permafrost landscapes and grow mainly by snowmelt that refreezes in thermal contraction cracks that open in winter. In high latitudes the stable‐isotope composition of precipitation (δ18O and δD) is sensitive to air temperature. Hence, the integrated climate information of winter precipitation is transferred to individual ice veins and can be preserved over millennia, allowing ice wedges to be used to reconstruct past winter climate. Recent studies indicate a promising potential of ice‐wedge‐based paleoclimate reconstructions for more comprehensive reconstructions of Arctic past climate evolution. We briefly highlight the potential and review the current state of ice‐wedge paleoclimatology. Existing knowledge gaps and challenges are outlined and priorities for future ice‐wedge research are suggested. The major research topics are (1) frost cracking and infilling dynamics, (2) formation and preservation of the stable‐isotope information, (3) ice‐wedge dating, (4) age‐model development and (5) interpretation of stable‐isotope time series. Progress in each of these topics will help to exploit the paleoclimatic potential of ice wedges, particularly in view of their unique cold‐season information, which is not adequately covered by other terrestrial climate archives

Special Issue: Recent advances (2008 – 2015) in the study of ground ice and cryostratigraphy

Cryostratigraphy involves the description, interpretation and correlation of ground-ice 17 structures (cryostructures) and their relationship to the host deposits. Recent advances in the 18 study of ground ice and cryostratigraphy concern permafrost aggradation and degradation, 19 massive-ice formation and evaluation of ground-ice content. Field studies have increased our 20 knowledge of cryostructures and massive ground ice in epigenetic and syngenetic permafrost. 21 Epigenetic permafrost deposits are relatively ice-poor and composed primarily of pore-filled 22 cryostructures, apart from an ice-enriched upper section and intermediate layer. Syngenetic 23 permafrost deposits are commonly identified from cryostructures indicative of an aggrading 24 permafrost table and are characterized by a high ice content, ice-rich cryofacies, and nested 25 wedge ice. Degradation of ice-rich permafrost can be marked by thaw unconformities, 26 truncated buried ice wedges, ice-wedge pseudomorphs, and organic-rich ‘forest beds’. 27 Studies of massive ground ice have focused on wedge ice, thermokarst-cave ice, intrusive ice, 28 and buried ice. Significant advances have been made in methods for differentiating between 29 tabular massive ice bodies of glacier and intrasedimental origin. Recent studies have utilized 30 palynology, isotope geochemistry and hydrochemistry, in addition to sedimentary and 31 cryostratigraphic analyses. The application of remote sensing techniques and laboratory 32 methods such as CT scanning has improved estimations of the ice content of frozen 33 sediments

A collaborative model to implement flexible, accessible and efficient oncogenetic services for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer : the C-MOnGene study

Medical genetic services are facing an unprecedented demand for counseling and testing for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) in a context of limited resources. To help resolve this issue, a collaborative oncogenetic model was recently developed and implemented at the CHU de Québec-Université Laval; Quebec; Canada. Here, we present the protocol of the C-MOnGene (Collaborative Model in OncoGenetics) study, funded to examine the context in which the model was implemented and document the lessons that can be learned to optimize the delivery of oncogenetic services. Within three years of implementation, the model allowed researchers to double the annual number of patients seen in genetic counseling. The average number of days between genetic counseling and disclosure of test results significantly decreased. Group counseling sessions improved participants' understanding of breast cancer risk and increased knowledge of breast cancer and genetics and a large majority of them reported to be overwhelmingly satisfied with the process. These quality and performance indicators suggest this oncogenetic model offers a flexible, patient-centered and efficient genetic counseling and testing for HBOC. By identifying the critical facilitating factors and barriers, our study will provide an evidence base for organizations interested in transitioning to an oncogenetic model integrated into oncology care; including teams that are not specialized but are trained in genetics

Passive Mineral Carbonation of Mg-rich Mine Wastes by Atmospheric CO2

Mg-rich process tailings and waste rocks from mining operations can react spontaneously with atmospheric CO2 to form stable carbonate minerals by exothermic reactions. Over the last decade, we have conducted a number of laboratory and field experiments and surveys on both mine waste rocks and different types of mine tailings from Ni-Cu, chrysotile, and diamond mines. The experiments and surveys cover a wide range of time (103 to 108 s) and mass (1-108 g) scales. Mine waste rich in brucite or chrysotile enhances the mineral carbonation reactions. Water saturation, but more importantly, watering frequency, are highly important to optimize carbonation. Adjusting the chemical composition of the interstitial water to favour Mg dissolution and to prevent passivation of the reaction surfaces is crucial to ensure the progress of the carbonation reactions. Preservation of the permeability structure is also critical to facilitate water and CO2 migration in the rock wastes and tailings. In field experiments, CO2 supply controled by diffusion in the mining waste is slower than the reaction rate which limits the capture of atmospheric CO2. Industrial implementation of passive mineral carbonation of mine waste by atmospheric CO2 can be optimized using the above parameters