Undernutrition, body composition and proportion among schoolchildren in two departments of Mendoza, Argentina

El objetivo fue conocer y analizar las prevalencias de desnutrición, composición y proporción corporales en relación con las condiciones socioambientales de residencia de niños de dos departamentos lindantes de la provincia de Mendoza: San Rafael (SR) y General Alvear (GA). Se realizó un estudio transversal en 5118 niños de 5 a 12 años. Se relevaron: peso; estatura total y sentado; perímetro braquial y pliegue tricipital, y se calcularon índices de masa corporal y de estatura sentado, áreas muscular y grasa del brazo. Las prevalencias de Bajo Peso/Edad (BP/E); Baja Talla/Edad (BT/E) y Bajo Peso/Talla (BP/T) se estimaron utilizando NHANES III. Las variables socioambientales se relevaron mediante encuestas semiestructuradas. La prevalencia de BT/E fue similar en ambas poblaciones y las de BP/E y BP/T, mayores en GA. El acortamiento de los miembros inferiores fue mayor en SR; y los déficits de tejido muscular y adiposo, en GA. Se concluye que GA muestra mayores prevalencias de desnutrición aguda con modificación de la composición corporal asociadas a la precarización socioambiental. En SR, el estado nutricional y la calidad de vida son mejores que en GA, ya que supera aquellas condiciones adversas que afectaron las primeras etapas de desarrollo, reflejadas en la proporción corporal.The aim was to know and to analyse the prevalence of undernutrition and body composition and proportion in relationship to socio-environmental conditions of residence in children of two adjacent departments in the province of Mendoza: San Rafael (SR) and General Alvear (GA). A crosssectional anthropometrical study was performed in 5.118 children from 5 to 12 years old. Body weight, height, sitting height, arm circumference and triceps skinfold were measured and the sitting height ratio and muscle and body mass index, fat areas of the arm calculated. Prevalences of low weight-for-age (LW/A), low height-for-age (LH/A) and low weight-for-height (LW/H) were estimated using NHANES III. The socio-environmental variables were surveyed using semi-structured questioner. Prevalences of LH/A were similar in both populations and LW/A and LW/H higher in GA. The lower limb shortening was higher in SR, the deficits of muscle and adipose tissue in GA. It is concluded that whereas GA shows a higher prevalence of acute malnutrition associate to body composition changes as consequence of the social insecurity; in SR, is evident that nutritional status and life quality are better than GA surpassing those adverse conditions that affected the early stages of development as a mirror in body proportion change.Fil: Garraza, Mariela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; ArgentinaFil: Forte, Luis M.. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Cs.naturales y Museo. Instituto de Geomorfologia y Suelos; ArgentinaFil: Navone, Graciela Teresa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (i); Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo; ArgentinaFil: Oyhenart, Evelia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico la Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "ingeniero Fernando Noel Dulout"; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias; Argentin

Anisotropic k-essence cosmologies

We investigate a Bianchi type-I (BTI) cosmology with k essence and find the set of models which dissipate the initial anisotropy. There are cosmological models with extended tachyon fields and k essence having constant bariotropic index. We obtain the conditions leading to a regular bounce of the average geometry and the residual anisotropy on the bounce. For constant potential, we develop purely kinetic k-essence models which are dust dominated in their early stages, dissipate the initial anisotropy and end in a stable de Sitter accelerated expansion scenario. We show that linear k field and polynomial kinetic function models evolve asymptotically to Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmologies. The linear case is compatible with an asymptotic potential interpolating between $V_l\propto \phi^{-\gamma_l}$, in the shear dominated regime, and $V_l\propto\phi^{-2}$ at late time. In the polynomial case, the general solution contains cosmological models with an oscillatory average geometry. For linear k essence, we find the general solution in the BTI cosmology when the k field is driven by an inverse square potential. This model shares the same geometry than a quintessence field driven by an exponential potential.Comment: 19 pages, REVTeX

Phantom cosmologies and fermions

Form invariance transformations can be used for constructing phantom cosmologies starting with conventional cosmological models. In this work we reconsider the scalar field case and extend the discussion to fermionic fields, where the "phantomization" process exhibits a new class of possible accelerated regimes. As an application we analyze the cosmological constant group for a fermionic seed fluid.Comment: 5 pages, version which was accepted for publication in CQ

Anthropocene Geomorphic Change. Climate or Human Activities?

An analysis of the evolution of sedimentation rates and disasters caused by surface geologic processes during the last century, at a global scale, is presented. Results show that erosion/sedimentation processes and frequency of such disasters increased substantially, especially after midtwentieth century, coinciding with the period of intense change known as the ?Great Acceleration.? Increases for this type of disasters are significantly greater than for other disasters related to natural processes, and about 1 order of magnitude in little more than half a century. This implies an important ?global geomorphic change.? Comparisons and correlations between changes observed in those processes and potential natural (rainfall) and human (degree of land surface transformation) drivers showed a strong relationship with the latter, and not so clear with the former. This suggests that the intensification of surface geologic processes is most likely due to a greater extent to a land transformation/geomorphic processes coupling than a climate/geomorphic processes one.Funding was provided by projects: CAMGEO CGL2006–11341, Spain; PICT2011–1685, Argentina; MTM2014–56235‐C2–2 and CGL2017–82703‐R, Spain

Evaluación de las propiedades tecnológicas de sedimentos colmatantes de cuerpos lénticos ubicados al sudeste del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Estúdio preliminar para la formulación del Proyecto Productivo Inclusivo : Parque Ladrillero en el partido

Fil: Couyoupetrou, L.. Instituto de Recursos Minerales (INREMI). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Rolny, D.. Laboratorio de Tecnología y Gestión Habitacional (LATEC). Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Hurtado, Martín Adolfo. Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Etcheverry, Ricardo Oscar. Instituto de Recursos Minerales (INREMI). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cremaschi, G.. Laboratorio de Tecnología y Gestión Habitacional (LATEC). Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Forte, Luis M.. Instituto de Geomorfología y Suelos (IGS). Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Internal space structure generalization of the quintom cosmological scenario

We introduce the Lagrangian for a multi-scalar field configuration in a $N$-dimensional internal space endowed with a constant metric $Q_{ik}$ and generalize the quintom cosmological scenario. We find the energy momentum tensor of the model and show that the set of dual transformations, that preserve the form of the Einstein equations in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmology, is enlarged. We show that the stability of the power law solutions leads to an exponential potential which is invariant under linear transformations in the internal space. Moreover, we obtain the general exact solution of the Einstein-Klein-Gordon equations for that potential. There exist solutions that cross the phantom divide and solutions that blow up at a finite time, exhibiting a superaccelerated behavior and ending in a big rip. We show that the quintom model with a separable potential can be identified with a mixture of several fluids. This framework includes the $\Lambda$CDM model, a bouncing model, and a setting sourced by a cosmic string network plus a cosmological constant. The we concentrate on the case where the dimension of the internal quintessence sector $N_{q}$ exceeds the dimension of the internal phantom sector $N_{ph}$. For $(N_q,N_{ph})=(2,1)$ the dark energy density derived from the 3-scalar field crosses the phantom divide and its negative component plays the role of the negative part of a classical Dirac Field.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figure

Lanthanide-based organic salts: Synthesis, characterization, and cytotoxicity studies

This work was supported by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia through projects (PEst-C/LA0006/2013, PTCD/CTM-NAN/120658/2010, two contracts under Investigador FCT (L. C. Branco and I. M. Marrucho), a doctoral fellowship Andreia Forte (PD/BD/109625/2015), and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through the strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2020 granted to MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and Solchemar company.The formulation of magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) or organic salts based on lanthanides as anions has been explored. In this work, a set of choline-family-based salts, and two other, different cation families, were combined with Gadolinium(III) and Terbium(III) anions. Synthetic methodologies were previously optimized, and all organic salts were obtained as solids with melting temperatures higher than 100 °C. The magnetic moments obtained for the Gd(III) salts were, as expected, smaller than those obtained for the Tb(III)-based compounds. The values for Gd(III) and Tb(III) magnetic salts are in the range of 6.55–7.30 MB and 8.22–9.34 MB, respectively. It is important to note a correlation between the magnetic moments obtained for lanthanides, and the structural features of the cation. The cytotoxicity of lanthanide-based salts was also evaluated using 3T3, 293T, Caco2, and HepG2 cells, and it was revealed that most of the prepared compounds are not toxic.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Crossing the phantom divide with k-essence in brane-worlds

We study a flat 3-brane in presence of a linear $k$ field with nonzero cosmological constant $\Lambda_{4}$. In this model the crossing of the phantom divide (PD) occurs when the $k$-essence energy density becomes negative. We show that in the high energy regime the effective equation of state has a resemblance of a modified Chaplygin gas while in the low energy regime it becomes linear. We find a scale factor that begins from a singularity and evolves to a de Sitter stable stage while other solutions have a super-accelerated regime and end with a big rip. We use the energy conditions to show when the effective equation of state of the brane-universe crosses the PD.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figures. The article was fully rewritten. References added. Accepted for publication in MPLA (2010

Estado nutricional y parasitosis intestinales en niños residentes en zonas urbana, periurbana y rural del partido de Brandsen (Buenos Aires, Argentina)

El presente estudio tuvo como objeto analizar el estado nutricional y las parasitosis intestinales en niños de 3 a 6 años de edad, residentes en zonas urbanas (U), periurbanas (PU) y rurales (R) del partido de Brandsen. La muestra quedó constituida por 600 niños (302 varones y 298 mujeres). Los valores P85#P95 definieron sobrepeso y >P95 obesidad. Se tomaron muestras de materia fecal seriada y escobillado anal que fueron analizadas mediante técnicas de concentración por sedimentación (Ritchie) y flotación (Willis). Los datos fueron asociados con las características socioambientales de cada zona. PU presentó prevalencias de baja talla para la edad y parasitosis significativamente mayores que U (p<0.01). Se registraron 7 especies parásitas en U, 8 en PU y 4 en R, siendo Enterobius vermicularis, Blastocystis hominis y Giardia lamblia las especies más abundantes. También el poliparasitismo fue mayor en PU. Aunque el sobrepeso y la obesidad fueron elevados en las tres zonas, las mayores prevalencias se registraron en PU y R respecto de U (p<0.01). La coexistencia de desnutrición y sobrepeso-obesidad, podría vincularse con los cambios experimentados en las costumbres alimentarias y los modos de vida de estas poblaciones en el contexto de la transición nutricional. La zona periurbana presenta las peores condiciones socio-ambientales para el crecimiento y la salud de los niños en edad preescolar

Tachyonization of the \LaCDM cosmological model

In this work a tachyonization of the $\Lambda$CDM model for a spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker space-time is proposed. A tachyon field and a cosmological constant are considered as the sources of the gravitational field. Starting from a stability analysis and from the exact solutions for a standard tachyon field driven by a given potential, the search for a large set of cosmological models which contain the $\Lambda$CDM model is investigated. By the use of internal transformations two new kinds of tachyon fields are derived from the standard tachyon field, namely, a complementary and a phantom tachyon fields. Numerical solutions for the three kinds of tachyon fields are determined and it is shown that the standard and complementary tachyon fields reproduces the $\Lambda$CDM model as a limiting case. The standard tachyon field can also describe a transition from an accelerated to a decelerated regime, behaving as an inflaton field at early times and as a matter field at late times. The complementary tachyon field always behaves as a matter field. The phantom tachyon field is characterized by a rapid expansion where its energy density increases with time.Comment: Version accepted for publication in GR