4,968 research outputs found
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The many roads to psychosis: recent advances in understanding risk and mechanisms.
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness which frequently leads to substantial lifelong disability. The past five years have seen major progress in our understanding of the complex genetic architecture of this disorder. Two major barriers to understanding the core biological processes that underlie schizophrenia and developing better interventions are (1) the absence of etiologically defined biomarkers and (2) the clinical and genetic heterogeneity of the disorder. Here, we review recent advances that have led to changes in our understanding of risk factors and mechanisms involved in the development of schizophrenia. In particular, mechanistic and clinically oriented approaches have now converged on a focus on disruptions in early neurodevelopment and synaptic plasticity as being critical for both understanding trajectories and intervening to change them. Translating these new findings into treatments that substantively change the lives of patients is the next major challenge for the field
A Mixed Methods Approach to Identifying Administration Issues Pertinent in Interscholastic Sports
The purpose of this study was to investigate three propositions: a) What are the administration issues most pertinent to interscholastic sport today, as well as the next five years?, b) How important are those administration issues to athletic administrators?, and c) What are the potential implications of those pertinent administration issues to practicing athletic administrators? The literature provides a general overview of relevant issues surrounding interscholastic athletics. However, the importance and implications of relevant issues to practicing high school athletic administrators are difficult to discern. To answer the first proposition, the Minnesota State High School League (MSHSL) provided 10 contemporary administration issues that were most pertinent to interscholastic sport today, as well as the next five years. To answer the second proposition, a Likert-Scale was created so that practicing athletic administrators could rate each issue on a scale of 5 = extremely important to 1 = very little importance. A national study was conducted with athletic directors from the National Interscholastic Athletic Administrators Association (N = 170) annual conference. A one-tailed ANOVA was executed to determine significant differences among the 10 administration issues identified by the MSHSL. Four issues were found to be significant; Athletic Facilities, Athletic Training, Health Issues and Travel Teams. A Games-Howell post hoc was executed to determine significant differences across geographical regions of the United States. For the third proposition, semi-structured interviews were completed to provide insight on the implications for practicing athletic administrators. The results offer insight from which further investigations could be conducted to continue building on policies that influence interscholastic athletic administrators’ day-to-day accountability when overseeing their athletic programs
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On the magnetospheric ULF wave counterpart of substorm onset
One near‐ubiquitous signature of substorms observed on the ground is the azimuthal structuring of the onset auroral arc in the minutes prior to onset. Termed auroral beads, these optical signatures correspond to concurrent exponential increases in ground ultralow frequency (ULF) wave power and are likely the result of a plasma instability in the magnetosphere. Here, we present a case study showing the development of auroral beads from a Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) all‐sky camera with near simultaneous exponential increases in auroral brightness, ionospheric and conjugate magnetotail ULF wave power, evidencing their intrinsic link. We further present a survey of magnetic field fluctuations in the magnetotail around substorm onset. We find remarkably similar superposed epoch analyses of ULF power around substorm onset from space and conjugate ionospheric observations. Examining periods of exponential wave growth, we find the ground‐ and space‐based observations to be consistent, with average growth rates of ∼0.01 s−1, lasting for ∼4 min. Cross‐correlation suggests that the space‐based observations lead those on the ground by approximately 1–1.5 min. Meanwhile, spacecraft located premidnight and ∼10 RE downtail are more likely to observe enhanced wave power. These combined observations lead us to conclude that there is a magnetospheric counterpart of auroral beads and exponentially increasing ground ULF wave power. This is likely the result of the linear phase of a magnetospheric instability, active in the magnetotail for several minutes prior to auroral breakup
Cross-Border Mergers & Acquisitions : does labour matter?
We implement a 2-state Market Model using a first-order Markov Switching Process
to study the generation of abnormal returns in a cross-border M&A setting. We find
that emerging market acquirers earn a positive and statistically significant abnormal
return of 1,16% when achieving control of frontier market targets, and developed
market acquirers earn a positive and statistically significant abnormal return of
1,06% when achieving control of emerging market targets. Furthermore, we propose
that labour laws play a significant role in generating abnormal returns in a crossborder
M&A setting. When control is acquired, we find that social security law
differences between countries are associated with higher abnormal returns in a
developed market – emerging market setting, and labour law differences are
associated with higher abnormal returns in an emerging market – emerging market
setting. We argue that these results reflect efficiency improvements at the level of
social security cost reduction and faster employment adjustments to cyclical
industries, and effectiveness improvements at the level of the productive output of
labour forces, given the managerial expertise of the top management of acquiring
firms.Este estudo consiste na implementação de um modelo de mercado com recurso a
um processo de mudanças de estado de Markov de primeira ordem, com o intuito
de estudar a geração de retornos anormais num contexto de fusões e aquisições
internacionais. Quando a empresa adquirente se encontra sediada num mercado
emergente e a empresa adquirida num mercado de fronteira, verificamos que os
acionistas da empresa adquirente ganham um retorno estatisticamente significativo
de 1,16% quando adquirem controlo. Quando a empresa adquirente se encontra
sediada num mercado desenvolvido e a adquirida num mercado emergente, os
acionistas da empresa adquirente ganham um retorno estatisticamente significativo
de 1,06% quando adquirem controlo. Nesse contexto, propomos que as leis laborais
desempenham um papel fundamental na geração de retornos anormais em fusões e
aquisições internacionais. Quando empresas sediadas em mercados desenvolvidos
adquirem controlo de empresas sediadas em mercados emergentes, verificamos que
diferenças a nível de leis da segurança social estão associadas a retornos anormais
mais elevados. Verificamos do mesmo modo que quando empresas sediadas em
mercados emergentes adquirem controlo de empresas sediadas em mercados
emergentes, as diferenças a nível de leis de contratação estão associadas a retornos
anormais mais elevados. Sugerimos que os resultados deste estudo refletem
melhoramentos de eficiência ao nível da redução de custos derivados da segurança
social e uma maior capacidade de adaptação do nível de contratação a industrias
cíclicas, e melhoramentos de eficácia ao nível da produtividade do fator laboral
Isospin Splitting in the Baryon Octet and Decuplet
Baryon mass splittings are analyzed in terms of a simple model with general
pairwise interactions. At present, the masses are poorly known from
experiments. Improvement of these data would provide an opportunity to make a
significant test of our understanding of electromagnetic and quark-mass
contributions to hadronic masses. The problem of determining resonance masses
from scattering and production data is discussed.Comment: 9 pages, LATEX inc. 2 LATEX "pictures", CMU-HEP91-24-R9
7Li and 19F NMR study of LiCF3SO3 containing polymer electrolytes : the effect of plasticizers
Large Chiral Diffeomorphisms on Riemann Surfaces and W-algebras
The diffeomorphism action lifted on truncated (chiral) Taylor expansion of a
complex scalar field over a Riemann surface is presented in the paper under the
name of large diffeomorphisms. After an heuristic approach, we show how a
linear truncation in the Taylor expansion can generate an algebra of symmetry
characterized by some structure functions. Such a linear truncation is
explicitly realized by introducing the notion of Forsyth frame over the Riemann
surface with the help of a conformally covariant algebraic differential
equation. The large chiral diffeomorphism action is then implemented through a
B.R.S. formulation (for a given order of truncation) leading to a more
algebraic set up. In this context the ghost fields behave as holomorphically
covariant jets. Subsequently, the link with the so called W-algebras is made
explicit once the ghost parameters are turned from jets into tensorial ghost
ones. We give a general solution with the help of the structure functions
pertaining to all the possible truncations lower or equal to the given order.
This provides another contribution to the relationship between KdV flows and
W-diffeomorphimsComment: LaTeX file, 31 pages, no figure. Version to appear in J. Math. Phys.
Work partly supported by Region PACA and INF
The origin of centennial- to millennial-scale chronological gaps in storm emplaced beach ridge plains
Recent studies of tropical cyclone surge and wave emplaced beach ridge plains have shown that these sequences often contain centennial to millennial scale gaps in their chronologies. Two explanations for the gaps exist — they are due to erosion, or alternatively a cessation or substantial slowing of depositional processes suggestive of a quieter phase in intense storm activity. Differentiating between the two is important for uncovering reliable long-term storm histories from these sequences. We use landform morphology, sediment texture and luminescence chronology to determine the origin of substantial chronological gaps in a plain containing more than 100 shore-parallel ridges composed of fine-grained sand located in northeast Australia. We identify and describe the characteristics associated with both erosional and non-erosional gaps. The erosional gaps are associated with changes in orientation between ridge sets and often a high ridge with hummocky topography that appears to have been disturbed by aeolian activity. River floods likely caused the partial erosion of ridge sets. Non-erosional gaps do not display these morphological characteristics and are likely associated with quiescence in severe tropical cyclone activity. These geomorphic and chronological signatures can be used to identify different sorts of gaps in other ridge plains and are an important tool in the reconstruction of long-term storm histories from these coastal landforms. The data also suggests that fine-grained ridges can, like their coarse-grained counterparts, be predominantly deposited by storm waves and surge and their texture need not necessarily be indicative of the processes responsible for ridge development
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