Tracker Alignment Strategy in CMS and Experience with Cosmic Ray Data

Aligning the CMS silicon tracker is an unprecedented challenge due to the more than 15~000 modules that it is composed of. Besides high precision mounting, survey measurements and the laser alignment system, track based alignment is needed to reach the envisaged precision. The first successful full scale alignment study on simulated data uses a fast global minimisation procedure implemented in the Millepede~II program. Tracks from cosmic ray muons and the inclusion of prior knowledge are key ingredients. Experience beyond simulation studies is gained analysing real data from cosmic ray muons

IDENTIFICATION OF USERS VIA SSH TIMING ATTACK

Secure Shell, a tool to securely access and run programs on a remote machine, is an important tool for both system administrators and developers alike. The technology landscape is becoming increasingly distributed and reliant on tools such as Secure Shell to protect information as a user works on a system remotely. While Secure Shell accounts for the abuses the security of older tools such as telnet overlook, it still has fundamental vulnerabilities which leak information about both the user and their activities through timing attacks. The OpenSSH client, the implementation included in all Linux, Mac, and Windows computers, sends each keystroke entered to the server as soon as it becomes available. As a result, an attacker can observe the network patterns to know when a user presses a key and draw conclusions based on that information such as what a user is typing or who they are. In this thesis, we demonstrate that such an attack allows a malicious observer to identify a user with a concerning level of accuracy without having direct access to either the client or server systems. Using machine learning classifiers, we identify individual users in a crowd based solely on the size and timing of packets traveling across the network. We find that our classifiers were able to identify users with 20\% accuracy using as little as one hour of network traffic. Two of them promise to scale well to the number of users

A Study of Full Scale CMS Tracker Alignment using High Momentum Muons and Cosmics

The positions of the silicon modules of the CMS tracker will be known to $O(100$ $\mu$m) from survey measurements, mounting precision and the laser alignment system. However, in order to fully exploit the capabilities of the tracker, these positions need to be known to a precision of a few $\mu$m. Only a track-based alignment procedure can reach this required precision. Such an alignment procedure is a major challenge given that about 50000 geometry constants need to be measured. Making use of the novel $\chi^2$ minimization program Millepede II an alignment strategy has been developed in which all detector components are aligned simultaneously and all correlations between their position parameters taken into account. Different datasets, such as Z$^0$ decays and cosmic muons, plus information about the mechanical structure of the tracker, and initial position uncertainties have been used as input for the alignment procedure. A proof of concept of this alignment strategy is demonstrated using simulated data

The Term Structure of Expected Inflation Based on Bond and TIPS

预期通货膨胀期限结构（thetermstructureofexpectedinflation）指具有相同风险及流动性的债券，其预期通货膨胀率变化随到期日的时间长短不同而产生不同的结构。它是一个国家宏观经济政策运行效率的基准之一，同时也是一个国家获取市场对未来通货膨胀预期信息的重要手段。相对于利率的期限结构，预期通货膨胀期限结构更为复杂。本文旨在构建预期通货膨胀期限结构动态模型，即将预期通货膨胀作为一个直接的主要影响因素，运用套利定价理论的方法，构建预期通货膨胀期限结构模型。首先，基于一般债券的预期通货膨胀期限结构动态模型是在回顾了国外相关模型的基础上，利用套利定价理论和Merton的连续时间研...For the past last 30 years, tremendous progress has been made in modeling the dynamics of the term structure of interest rates and expected inflation, which plays an instrumental role in determining prices and hedging portfolios of fixed-income derivative securities. The term structure of expected inflation is a key to assessing the credibility of fiscal and monetary policies, to examining how bor...学位：经济学博士院系专业：经济学院金融系_金融学(含保险学)学号：B20011203

Zum Einfluss der Fruchtfolge auf die Abundanzen künstlich etablierter Unkrautarten in zwei Feldversuchen

Viele Studien belegen, dass ein regionales Auftreten von gut angepassten Unkrautarten in Verbindung mit regional angebauten Fruchtfolgesystemen steht. Selbstfruchtfolgen oder sehr enge Fruchtfolgen werden als besonders kritisch für die Etablierung und Verbreitung von Problemunkräutern angesehen. Diese Studie untersucht den Einfluss der Fruchtfolge auf das Auftreten von Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.), Galium aparine (L.), Geranium pusillum (L.), Sisymbrium officinale (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Stellaria media (L.) Vill. und Viola arvensis Murray in Fruchtfolgen mit unterschiedlichen phytomedizinischen Risiken. An zwei Standorten in Deutschland werden in einem Feldversuch die Energiepflanzen Mais (M), Winterraps (WR) und Winterweizen [mit früher (WWF) und später Aussaat (WWS)] seit 2008 (Rostock) beziehungsweise 2009 (Göttingen) in vier Fruchtfolgen (M, WR – WWF, WR – M – WWS und WR – WWF – M – WWS) angebaut. Eine Aussaat der genannten Unkrautarten zu Beginn des Versuchs simuliert in allen Systemen einen vergleichbaren künstlichen Unkrautdruck. Die Unkrautartendichten wurden in einem standardisierten Erhebungsverfahren vor dem Einsatz von Herbiziden erfasst. Eine Auswertung der ersten vier beziehungsweise drei Versuchsjahre liefert Hinweise auf fruchtartspezifische Effekte bezüglich des regionalen Auftretens von A. arvensis, E. crus-galli, G. pusillum, S. nigrum und S. media. Aus ersten fruchtfolgespezifischen Effekten kann geschlossen werden, dass eine Auflockerung eine wirksame vorbeugende Maßnahme zur Verminderung der Unkrautdichten darstellt.Stichwörter: Energiepflanzen, Fruchtfolgegestaltung, Mais, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, Unkrautmanagement, WinterrapsOn the effect of crop rotation on artificially established weed species in two field experimentsAbstractSeveral studies indicate links between regional occurrence of well adapted weed species and crop rotations. Monocultures or very short crop rotation, which increased in the past decades are crucial for the establishment and dispersion of problematic weed species. In this study the impact of crop rotation on the occurrence of the species Amaranthus retroflexus (L.), Anchusa arvensis (L.) M. Bieb., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.), Galium aparine (L.), Geranium pusillum (L.), Sisymbrium officinale (L.), Solanum nigrum (L.), Stellaria media (L.) Vill., Viola arvensis Murray is investigated in four crop rotations with varying potential of crop health risks. Therefore, maize (M), oilseed rape (WR) and winter wheat [early sowing (WWF) and late sowing (WWS)] are cropped in four different rotations (M, WR – WWF, WR – M – WWS and WR – WWF – M – WWS) at two study sites in Germany since year 2008 (Rostock) and 2009 (Göttingen). At the start of the project selected weed species were sown into some plots in order to simulate an artificial similar weed pressure. In all plots weed species densities were counted before spraying in a standardized observation method. Analyses of four, respectively three years give evidences of crop specific effects regarding A. arvensis, E. crus-galli, G. pusillum, S. nigrum and S. media. Moreover, first effects of crop rotations on problematic weed species indicates that expanding crop rotations is a preventive tool to reduce weed densities.Keywords: Crop rotations, energy-crops, maize, oilseed rape, Solanum nigrum, Stellaria media, weed managemen

EWSR1—The Most Common Rearranged Gene in Soft Tissue Lesions, Which Also Occurs in Different Bone Lesions: An Updated Review

EWSR1 belongs to the FET family of RNA-binding proteins including also Fused in Sarcoma (FUS), and TATA-box binding protein Associated Factor 15 (TAF15). As consequence of the multifunctional role of EWSR1 leading to a high frequency of transcription of the chromosomal region where the gene is located, EWSR1 is exposed to aberrations such as rearrangements. Consecutive binding to other genes leads to chimeric proteins inducing oncogenesis. The other TET family members are homologous. With the advent of widely used modern molecular techniques during the last decades, it has become obvious that EWSR1 is involved in the development of diverse benign and malignant tumors with mesenchymal, neuroectodermal, and epithelial/myoepithelial features. As oncogenic transformation mediated by EWSR1-fusion proteins leads to such diverse tumor types, there must be a selection on the multipotent stem cell level. In this review, we will focus on the wide variety of soft tissue and bone entities, including benign and malignant lesions, harboring EWSR1 rearrangement. Fusion gene analysis is the diagnostic gold standard in most of these tumors. We present clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features and discuss differential diagnoses.</jats:p

Myositis ossificans : another condition with USP6 rearrangement, providing evidence of a relationship with nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst

Myositis ossificans is defined as a self-limiting pseudotumor composed of reactive hypercellular fibrous tissue and bone. USP6 rearrangements have been identified as a consistent genetic driving event in aneurysmal bone cyst and nodular fasciitis. It is therefore an integral part of the diagnostic workup when dealing with (myo)fibroblastic lesions of soft tissue and bone. Two cases of myositis ossificans with USP6 rearrangement were published so far. We determine herein the incidence of USP6 rearrangement in myositis ossificans using USP6 fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis (FISH). Of the 11 cases included, seven patients were female and four were male. Age ranged from 6 to 56 years (mean 27 years). Lesions were located in the thigh (n = 5), knee (n = 1), lower leg (n = 1), lower arm (n = 1), perineum (n = 1), gluteal (n = 1) and thoracic wall (n = 1). All assessable cases except one (8/9) showed rearrangement of USP6 providing evidence that myositis ossificans is genetically related to nodular fasciitis and aneurysmal bone cyst

COL1A1 is a fusionpartner of USP6 in myositis ossificans : FISH analysis of six cases

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