12 research outputs found

    Fulfilling global marine commitments; lessons learned from Gabon

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    As part of the Post-2020 Biodiversity Framework, nations are assessing progress over the past decade in addressing the underlying drivers that influence direct pressures on biodiversity and formulating new policies and strategies for the decade to come. For marine conservation, global marine protected area (MPA) coverage is still falling short of the 10% target set in 2010. Here we show that while this reflects a lack of progress in many low- and middle-income countries, a few of these nations have met or exceeded international commitments. To provide an in-depth explanation of how this was achieved in Gabon, we summarize the lessons learnt by our consortium of policy makers and practitioners who helped implement a comprehensive and ecologically representative network of 20 MPAs. We show the importance of creating a national framework, building long-term stakeholder support, and focusing on research that guides implementation and policy; and outline a four-step approach that countries and donors could use as an example to help meet international commitments. By responding to calls to share lessons learned to inform future Convention on Biological Diversity targets, we show how Gabon's experiences could inform change elsewhere.Output Status: Forthcoming/Available Online Additional co-authors: Tim Collins, Philip D. Doherty, Angela Formia, Mark Gately, Micheline Schummer Gnandji, Innocent Ikoubou, Judicael RĂ©gis Kema Kema, Koumba Kombila, Pavlick Etoughe Kongo, Jean Churley Manfoumbi, Sara M. Maxwell, Georges H. Mba Asseko, Catherine M. McClellan, Gianna Minton, Samyra Orianne Ndjimbou, GuylĂšne Nkoane Ndoutoume, Jean Noel Bibang Bi Nguema, Teddy Nkizogho, Jacob Nzegoue, Carmen Karen Kouerey Oliwina, Franck Mbeme Otsagha, Diane Savarit, Stephen K. Pikesley, Philippe du Plessis, Hugo Rainey, Lucienne Ariane Diapoma Kingbell Rockombeny, Howard C. Rosenbaum, Dan Segan, Guy-Philippe Sounguet, Emma J. Stokes, Dominic Tilley, Raul Vilela, Wynand Viljoen, Sam B. Weber, Matthew J. Witt, Brendan J. Godle

    Here today, here tomorrow: Beached timber in Gabon, a persistent threat to nesting sea turtles

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    notes:types: JOURThe African country of Gabon has seen decadal increases in commercial logging. An unforeseen consequence of this has been that many coastal areas, including several National Parks and Reserves, have suffered severe pollution from beached timber. This has the potential to adversely affect nesting sea turtles, particularly the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea) for which Gabon constitutes the world’s largest rookery. In this study, we analyse aerial survey data (2003, 2007 and 2011) to determine the temporal persistence and spatial extent of beached timber, and by integrating spatial data on nesting, ascertain regions where beached timber poses the greatest threat to nesting leatherback turtles. There was no marked difference in the number of beached logs recorded across the study area during the period, with 15,160, 13,528 and 17,262 logs recorded in the three years, respectively. There was, however, a significant difference in abundance of beached logs among geographical areas. Analysis highlighted two coastal areas where nesting leatherback turtles were likely to be at greatest risk from beached timber. At one such site, Kingere, within Pongara National Park, where both logs and turtle densities are high, monitoring in 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 suggested that between 1.6% and 4.4% of leatherback turtles could be entrapped at this site. Given the dynamic nature of Gabon’s coastal environment, and the potential limitations of aerial surveys, densities of beached timber could be greater than this analysis reveals. We also propose, that despite recent export restrictions of whole logs, their environmental persistence potentially represents a long-term problem

    PĂȘche artisanale maritime au Gabon : caractĂ©risation, spatialisation et aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

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    In developing countries, small-scale fisheries are crucial for food security, local employment and sustainable use of marine resources. Paradoxically, small-scale fisheries are under studied, compared to the industrial sector. This lack of data can lead to catches underestimation and, hence an over-exploitation of marine resources associated with fisher communities marginalisation. Spatial management has become an important tool for fisheries managers who seek to maintain habitats and to restore fishes stocks, as well as to optimise fisheries yield. Thanks to satellite monitoring, fishermen journeys are known but, it remains difficult to identify areas where resources are actually extracted from the environment.To address this imprecision, several studies focus on movement modelling, to infer fishermen underlying behaviour, through large trajectories databases. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to link spatial distribution of fisheries with other marine space uses and, in particular with marine protected areas. It allows to assess the zoning relevance and stakeholders compliance. This work uses Gabon as an example to illustrate these issues and challenges, typical of small-scale fisheries, to provide tools to characterise marine small-scale fisheries, to geolocate nominal fishing effort and to put it in perspective with marine protected areas network.Dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement, la pĂȘche artisanale est cruciale pour la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, l’emploi local et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines. Paradoxalement, la pĂȘche artisanale est beaucoup moins Ă©tudiĂ©e que la pĂȘche industrielle. Ce manque de donnĂ©es peut conduire Ă  une sous-estimation des captures et en consĂ©quence, Ă  une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques et Ă  une marginalisation des communautĂ©s de pĂȘcheurs. La gestion spatiale est devenue un outil important pour les gestionnaires de la pĂȘche qui cherchent Ă  prĂ©server les habitats et Ă  restaurer les stocks de poissons, ainsi que ceux qui souhaitent optimiser le rendement de la pĂȘche. GrĂące au suivi satellitaire, les dĂ©placements des pĂȘcheurs sont connus, mais il est difficile d’identifier les zones oĂč la ressource halieutique est rĂ©ellement extraite du milieu. Pour pallier cette imprĂ©cision, de nombreuses Ă©tudes se tournent vers la modĂ©lisation du mouvement, des mĂ©thodes qui permettent d’infĂ©rer les comportements sous-jacents des pĂȘcheurs, Ă  travers des bases de donnĂ©es de trajectoires trĂšs volumineuses. GrĂące Ă  ces mĂ©thodes, il est possible de mettre en relation la distribution spatiale de la pĂȘche avec les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime et en particulier avec les aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es, afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un zonage et le respect de la lĂ©gislation. Cette thĂšse s’appuie sur l’exemple du Gabon pour illustrer ces enjeux et dĂ©fis propres Ă  la pĂȘche artisanale, en fournissant des outils pour caractĂ©riser la pĂȘche artisanale maritime, gĂ©olocaliser de l’effort nominal de la pĂȘche et mettre cela en perspective avec le rĂ©seau d’aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    Small-scale marine fisheries in Gabon : functioning, dynamism and spatialisation

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    Dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement, la pĂȘche artisanale est cruciale pour la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, l’emploi local et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines. Paradoxalement, la pĂȘche artisanale est beaucoup moins Ă©tudiĂ©e que la pĂȘche industrielle. Ce manque de donnĂ©es peut conduire Ă  une sous-estimation des captures et en consĂ©quence, Ă  une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques et Ă  une marginalisation des communautĂ©s de pĂȘcheurs. La gestion spatiale est devenue un outil important pour les gestionnaires de la pĂȘche qui cherchent Ă  prĂ©server les habitats et Ă  restaurer les stocks de poissons, ainsi que ceux qui souhaitent optimiser le rendement de la pĂȘche. GrĂące au suivi satellitaire, les dĂ©placements des pĂȘcheurs sont connus, mais il est difficile d’identifier les zones oĂč la ressource halieutique est rĂ©ellement extraite du milieu. Pour pallier cette imprĂ©cision, de nombreuses Ă©tudes se tournent vers la modĂ©lisation du mouvement, des mĂ©thodes qui permettent d’infĂ©rer les comportements sous-jacents des pĂȘcheurs, Ă  travers des bases de donnĂ©es de trajectoires trĂšs volumineuses. GrĂące Ă  ces mĂ©thodes, il est possible de mettre en relation la distribution spatiale de la pĂȘche avec les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime et en particulier avec les aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es, afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un zonage et le respect de la lĂ©gislation. Cette thĂšse s’appuie sur l’exemple du Gabon pour illustrer ces enjeux et dĂ©fis propres Ă  la pĂȘche artisanale, en fournissant des outils pour caractĂ©riser la pĂȘche artisanale maritime, gĂ©olocaliser de l’effort nominal de la pĂȘche et mettre cela en perspective avec le rĂ©seau d’aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es.In developing countries, small-scale fisheries are crucial for food security, local employment and sustainable use of marine resources. Paradoxically, small-scale fisheries are under studied, compared to the industrial sector. This lack of data can lead to catches underestimation and, hence an over-exploitation of marine resources associated with fisher communities marginalisation. Spatial management has become an important tool for fisheries managers who seek to maintain habitats and to restore fishes stocks, as well as to optimise fisheries yield. Thanks to satellite monitoring, fishermen journeys are known but, it remains difficult to identify areas where resources are actually extracted from the environment.To address this imprecision, several studies focus on movement modelling, to infer fishermen underlying behaviour, through large trajectories databases. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to link spatial distribution of fisheries with other marine space uses and, in particular with marine protected areas. It allows to assess the zoning relevance and stakeholders compliance. This work uses Gabon as an example to illustrate these issues and challenges, typical of small-scale fisheries, to provide tools to characterise marine small-scale fisheries, to geolocate nominal fishing effort and to put it in perspective with marine protected areas network

    PĂȘche artisanale maritime au Gabon : caractĂ©risation, spatialisation et aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    No full text
    In developing countries, small-scale fisheries are crucial for food security, local employment and sustainable use of marine resources. Paradoxically, small-scale fisheries are under studied, compared to the industrial sector. This lack of data can lead to catches underestimation and, hence an over-exploitation of marine resources associated with fisher communities marginalisation. Spatial management has become an important tool for fisheries managers who seek to maintain habitats and to restore fishes stocks, as well as to optimise fisheries yield. Thanks to satellite monitoring, fishermen journeys are known but, it remains difficult to identify areas where resources are actually extracted from the environment.To address this imprecision, several studies focus on movement modelling, to infer fishermen underlying behaviour, through large trajectories databases. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to link spatial distribution of fisheries with other marine space uses and, in particular with marine protected areas. It allows to assess the zoning relevance and stakeholders compliance. This work uses Gabon as an example to illustrate these issues and challenges, typical of small-scale fisheries, to provide tools to characterise marine small-scale fisheries, to geolocate nominal fishing effort and to put it in perspective with marine protected areas network.Dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement, la pĂȘche artisanale est cruciale pour la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, l’emploi local et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines. Paradoxalement, la pĂȘche artisanale est beaucoup moins Ă©tudiĂ©e que la pĂȘche industrielle. Ce manque de donnĂ©es peut conduire Ă  une sous-estimation des captures et en consĂ©quence, Ă  une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques et Ă  une marginalisation des communautĂ©s de pĂȘcheurs. La gestion spatiale est devenue un outil important pour les gestionnaires de la pĂȘche qui cherchent Ă  prĂ©server les habitats et Ă  restaurer les stocks de poissons, ainsi que ceux qui souhaitent optimiser le rendement de la pĂȘche. GrĂące au suivi satellitaire, les dĂ©placements des pĂȘcheurs sont connus, mais il est difficile d’identifier les zones oĂč la ressource halieutique est rĂ©ellement extraite du milieu. Pour pallier cette imprĂ©cision, de nombreuses Ă©tudes se tournent vers la modĂ©lisation du mouvement, des mĂ©thodes qui permettent d’infĂ©rer les comportements sous-jacents des pĂȘcheurs, Ă  travers des bases de donnĂ©es de trajectoires trĂšs volumineuses. GrĂące Ă  ces mĂ©thodes, il est possible de mettre en relation la distribution spatiale de la pĂȘche avec les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime et en particulier avec les aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es, afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un zonage et le respect de la lĂ©gislation. Cette thĂšse s’appuie sur l’exemple du Gabon pour illustrer ces enjeux et dĂ©fis propres Ă  la pĂȘche artisanale, en fournissant des outils pour caractĂ©riser la pĂȘche artisanale maritime, gĂ©olocaliser de l’effort nominal de la pĂȘche et mettre cela en perspective avec le rĂ©seau d’aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    PĂȘche artisanale maritime au Gabon : caractĂ©risation, spatialisation et aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    No full text
    In developing countries, small-scale fisheries are crucial for food security, local employment and sustainable use of marine resources. Paradoxically, small-scale fisheries are under studied, compared to the industrial sector. This lack of data can lead to catches underestimation and, hence an over-exploitation of marine resources associated with fisher communities marginalisation. Spatial management has become an important tool for fisheries managers who seek to maintain habitats and to restore fishes stocks, as well as to optimise fisheries yield. Thanks to satellite monitoring, fishermen journeys are known but, it remains difficult to identify areas where resources are actually extracted from the environment.To address this imprecision, several studies focus on movement modelling, to infer fishermen underlying behaviour, through large trajectories databases. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to link spatial distribution of fisheries with other marine space uses and, in particular with marine protected areas. It allows to assess the zoning relevance and stakeholders compliance. This work uses Gabon as an example to illustrate these issues and challenges, typical of small-scale fisheries, to provide tools to characterise marine small-scale fisheries, to geolocate nominal fishing effort and to put it in perspective with marine protected areas network.Dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement, la pĂȘche artisanale est cruciale pour la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, l’emploi local et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines. Paradoxalement, la pĂȘche artisanale est beaucoup moins Ă©tudiĂ©e que la pĂȘche industrielle. Ce manque de donnĂ©es peut conduire Ă  une sous-estimation des captures et en consĂ©quence, Ă  une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques et Ă  une marginalisation des communautĂ©s de pĂȘcheurs. La gestion spatiale est devenue un outil important pour les gestionnaires de la pĂȘche qui cherchent Ă  prĂ©server les habitats et Ă  restaurer les stocks de poissons, ainsi que ceux qui souhaitent optimiser le rendement de la pĂȘche. GrĂące au suivi satellitaire, les dĂ©placements des pĂȘcheurs sont connus, mais il est difficile d’identifier les zones oĂč la ressource halieutique est rĂ©ellement extraite du milieu. Pour pallier cette imprĂ©cision, de nombreuses Ă©tudes se tournent vers la modĂ©lisation du mouvement, des mĂ©thodes qui permettent d’infĂ©rer les comportements sous-jacents des pĂȘcheurs, Ă  travers des bases de donnĂ©es de trajectoires trĂšs volumineuses. GrĂące Ă  ces mĂ©thodes, il est possible de mettre en relation la distribution spatiale de la pĂȘche avec les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime et en particulier avec les aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es, afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un zonage et le respect de la lĂ©gislation. Cette thĂšse s’appuie sur l’exemple du Gabon pour illustrer ces enjeux et dĂ©fis propres Ă  la pĂȘche artisanale, en fournissant des outils pour caractĂ©riser la pĂȘche artisanale maritime, gĂ©olocaliser de l’effort nominal de la pĂȘche et mettre cela en perspective avec le rĂ©seau d’aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    PĂȘche artisanale maritime au Gabon : caractĂ©risation, spatialisation et aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    No full text
    In developing countries, small-scale fisheries are crucial for food security, local employment and sustainable use of marine resources. Paradoxically, small-scale fisheries are under studied, compared to the industrial sector. This lack of data can lead to catches underestimation and, hence an over-exploitation of marine resources associated with fisher communities marginalisation. Spatial management has become an important tool for fisheries managers who seek to maintain habitats and to restore fishes stocks, as well as to optimise fisheries yield. Thanks to satellite monitoring, fishermen journeys are known but, it remains difficult to identify areas where resources are actually extracted from the environment.To address this imprecision, several studies focus on movement modelling, to infer fishermen underlying behaviour, through large trajectories databases. Thanks to these methods, it becomes possible to link spatial distribution of fisheries with other marine space uses and, in particular with marine protected areas. It allows to assess the zoning relevance and stakeholders compliance. This work uses Gabon as an example to illustrate these issues and challenges, typical of small-scale fisheries, to provide tools to characterise marine small-scale fisheries, to geolocate nominal fishing effort and to put it in perspective with marine protected areas network.Dans les pays en dĂ©veloppement, la pĂȘche artisanale est cruciale pour la sĂ©curitĂ© alimentaire, l’emploi local et l’utilisation durable des ressources marines. Paradoxalement, la pĂȘche artisanale est beaucoup moins Ă©tudiĂ©e que la pĂȘche industrielle. Ce manque de donnĂ©es peut conduire Ă  une sous-estimation des captures et en consĂ©quence, Ă  une surexploitation des ressources halieutiques et Ă  une marginalisation des communautĂ©s de pĂȘcheurs. La gestion spatiale est devenue un outil important pour les gestionnaires de la pĂȘche qui cherchent Ă  prĂ©server les habitats et Ă  restaurer les stocks de poissons, ainsi que ceux qui souhaitent optimiser le rendement de la pĂȘche. GrĂące au suivi satellitaire, les dĂ©placements des pĂȘcheurs sont connus, mais il est difficile d’identifier les zones oĂč la ressource halieutique est rĂ©ellement extraite du milieu. Pour pallier cette imprĂ©cision, de nombreuses Ă©tudes se tournent vers la modĂ©lisation du mouvement, des mĂ©thodes qui permettent d’infĂ©rer les comportements sous-jacents des pĂȘcheurs, Ă  travers des bases de donnĂ©es de trajectoires trĂšs volumineuses. GrĂące Ă  ces mĂ©thodes, il est possible de mettre en relation la distribution spatiale de la pĂȘche avec les autres utilisations de l’espace maritime et en particulier avec les aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es, afin d’évaluer la pertinence d’un zonage et le respect de la lĂ©gislation. Cette thĂšse s’appuie sur l’exemple du Gabon pour illustrer ces enjeux et dĂ©fis propres Ă  la pĂȘche artisanale, en fournissant des outils pour caractĂ©riser la pĂȘche artisanale maritime, gĂ©olocaliser de l’effort nominal de la pĂȘche et mettre cela en perspective avec le rĂ©seau d’aires marines protĂ©gĂ©es

    Informing Marine Protected Area Designation and Management for Nesting Olive Ridley Sea Turtles Using Satellite Tracking

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    Understanding the horizontal and vertical habitat of olive ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), a threatened species, is critical for determining regions for protection and relevant gear modifications that may effectively reduce bycatch, the largest threat to this species. Satellite transmitters were used to determine the movement and dive behavior of 21 female olive ridley turtles tagged in Pongara National Park, Gabon during the 2012, 2013, and 2015 nesting seasons. A switching state-space model was used to filter the tracking data and categorize the internesting and post-nesting movements. Gridded utilization distribution (UD) home range analysis of tracking data revealed that the entire core habitat occurred in the Komo Estuary during the internesting period. Within the Komo Estuary, 58% of this core UD occurred in shipping lanes. Dive data from the 2015 tagging season revealed that during the internesting period, turtles spent the majority of their time resting on the estuary seabed. Approximately 20% of all dive time was spent on the bottom and all maximum dive depths corresponded to the depth of the seabed, indicating that bottom set gear during the internesting period may pose the greatest potential for fisheries interactions. National parks currently protect many of the nesting sites and the Gabon Bleu initiative has formally designated 10 new marine parks and a network of community and industrial fishing zones; this data was a layer used in determining the park and zone boundaries. Shared use of the estuary by fisheries, shipping, and olive ridley turtles creates a need for management measures to reduce interactions. Thus, the results from this study can further provide detailed information that can be used to support the development of evidence-based management plans

    An annotated checklist of the fishes of Gabon

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    International audienceUsing all data sources available, we collected 2,189 nominal scientific names that have been applied to the fishes from Gabon. Data from the literature and online database indicate that 1,062 valid species of fishes live in Gabonese waters, with 288 of these strictly restricted to freshwaters, 592 strictly restricted to marine environments and 182 species euryhaline species. Among the latter one finds 121 species inhabit in both marine and brackish environments, 16 that occur in both freshwater and brackish environments and 45 found in all salinities. These 1,062 species represent 60 orders and 224 families. An additional 202 species, mostly marine, may be present in Gabon although they have not been yet recorded. Endemic species represent 7% (75) of the 1,062 valid described species for Gabon, within just one of these from marine waters and 74 freshwaters species (mostly killifish within the genus Aphyosemion – 33 species). Regarding the IUIUCN status, 135 present (+19 possible) species (12.7%) are considered as endangered (from near threatened to critically endangered), and 135 (+24 possible) (12.7%) species are not evaluated or data deficient. The remaining species are least concern. Continued descriptions of new species from the waters of Gabon demonstrate that the present total most likely underestimates the species level diversity of the fish fauna.En utilisant toutes les sources disponibles des donnĂ©es, nous avons rĂ©pertoriĂ© 2 189 noms scientifiques de poissons du Gabon. Les donnĂ©es de la littĂ©rature et des bases de donnĂ©es montrent que 1 062 espĂšces de poissons sont actuellement connues des eaux du Gabon, avec 288 strictement en eaux douces et 592 strictement marines, 182 espĂšces sont euryhalines avec 121 connues des eaux marines et saumĂątres, 16 des eaux douces et saumĂątres et, pour finir, 45 sont trouvĂ©es dans tous les milieux, quel que soit la salinitĂ©. Ces 1 062 espĂšces reprĂ©sentent 60 ordres et 224 familles auxquelles il est possible de rajouter 202 espĂšces, principalement marines, qui sont peut-ĂȘtre prĂ©sentes au Gabon mais n’y ont pas encore Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es. Les espĂšces endĂ©miques reprĂ©sentent 7% (75) du nombre des 1 062 espĂšces dĂ©crites et valides du Gabon : une seule espĂšce marine et 74 espĂšces des eaux douces (principalement des “killis” du genre Aphyosemion – 33 espĂšces). À propos du statut de l’IUCN, 135 des espĂšces prĂ©sentes (+19 possibles) (12,7%) sont considĂ©rĂ©es comme en voie de disparition (de quasi-menacĂ©es Ă  en danger critique), et 135 (+24 possibles) (12,7%) ne sont pas Ă©valuĂ©es ou bien avec des donnĂ©es insuffisantes. Les autres sont de prĂ©occupation mineure. Des descriptions continuelles de nouvelles espĂšces provenant des eaux du Gabon dĂ©montrent que la diversitĂ© de la faune des poissons du Gabon est fortement sous-estimĂ©e

    A first estimate of sea turtle bycatch in the industrial trawling fishery of Gabon

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    This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from the publisher via the DOI in this record.Gabon hosts nesting grounds for several sea turtle species, including the world’s largest rookery for the leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), Africa’s largest rookery for the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) and smaller aggregations of the hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata) and green turtle (Chelonia mydas). To assess the level of incidental captures of turtles by the Gabonese trawl fishery, an onboard observer program was conducted in the period 2012–2013. A total of 143 turtles were captured by 15 trawlers during 271 fishing days. The olive ridley turtle was the main species captured (80% of bycaught turtles), with mostly adult-sized individuals. The remaining 20% included green turtles, hawksbill turtles, leatherback turtles and undetermined species. Bycatch per unit of effort (BPUE) of olive ridley turtles varied greatly depending on the period of the year (range of means: 0.261–2.270). Dead and comatose turtles were 6.2 and 24.6% respectively (n = 65). By applying the available fishing effort to two BPUE scenarios (excluding or considering a seasonal peak), the total annual number of captures was estimated as ranging between 1026 (CI 95% 746–1343) and 2581 (CI 95% 1641–3788) olive ridley turtles, with a mortality ranging from 63 (CI 95% 13–135) to 794 (CI 95% 415–1282) turtles per year depending on the scenario and on the fate of comatose turtles. Such a potential mortality may be reason for concern for the local breeding population of olive ridley turtles and recommendations in terms of possible conservation measures and further research are given.Funding for the observer program and training was provided by the Government of Gabon, the Marine Turtle Conservation Fund (Fish and Wildlife Service, US Department of the Interior), NOAA (US Department of Commerce, Division of International Affairs), UK Darwin Initiative (Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs), and the World Wide Fund for Nature
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