La influencia de la Publicidad en la Competitividad de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas de la ciudad de Matagalpa durante el año 2010

Durante la investigación realizada se abarcan aspectos de vital importancia para entender y desarrollar la Publicidad como un factor que puede o no generar competitividad. Los aspectos que se abordan en relación al concepto de Publicidad corresponden a los elementos que la conforman para tener un mejor conocimiento de lo que es hacer Publicidad; los tipos de Publicidad que se han planteado según las fuentes y como se clasifica la publicidad de acuerdo a un número de causantes que rigen el mercado; el tipo de mercado al cual está dirigida la publicidad; las distintas campañas publicitarias que pueden llevarse a cabo por las empresas que realizan Publicidad; el alcance que llega tener una Publicidad al implementar todos sus parámetros. Otro aspecto relevante que se contempla en dicho trabajo y de esencial relación para la publicidad son las diferentes tipos de estrategias implementadas por las empresas como son: Competitivas y De desarrollo y Los medios de comunicación que existen para llevar a cabo Publicidad y la manera como estos brindan la información a la sociedad. La Competitividad se da a conocer en el estudio realizado a través de la introducción de diferentes determinantes de la misma tales como: Las etapas, los principios y causas de la competitividad. De tal manera se muestra la importancia de la competitividad en las empresas de la ciudad de Matagalpa. Se ilustra a las PYMES del sector comercio y metal mecánica proporcionando sus características y la importancia de estas empresas para el desarrollo socio-económico de la ciudad. También se logra asemejar en el documento que las PYMES poseen restricciones que afectan el desempeño de las actividades de la empresa .Estas son organizacionales y económicas. En síntesis mediante el estudio se logra manifestar la profundidad de la Publicidad, Competitividad para las PYMES de la ciudad de Matagalp

Surface-ocean dynamics during eccentricity minima: a comparison between interglacial Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 1 and MIS 11 on the Iberian Margin

Understanding interglacial climate variability is a key issue in the scientific community. Here we compared records from Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 11 to those from MIS 1 (Holocene) as they are perceived to be possible analogs. Our study on the Iberian Margin, a key area to investigate surface dynamics in the Atlantic Ocean, incorporates coccolithophore assemblage and alkenone data of core MD03-2699 and their statistical analyses. Evaluating similarities between MIS 11 and MIS 1 depends on the way the two MIS are being aligned, i.e. at the deglaciation or based on the precession signal. During the deglaciation of either MIS 12 or MIS 2, the Iberian Margin was affected by abrupt decreases in SST and in coccolithophores' paleoproductivity caused by the arrival of subpolar surface waters. Just prior to the decline, in both the intervals, the Portugal Current affected the studied site, although a possible difference in upwelling strength is here suggested and related to more intense westerlies during the last glacial than the late MIS 12. Similar surface-ocean dynamics occurred at the onset of both MIS 11 and MIS 1 as indicated by the prevalence of the Iberian Poleward Current and sometimes the Azores Current, although the subtropical waters were more oligotrophic during the MIS 2 deglaciation than the MIS 12 one. Synchronizing our records according to the precession cycles aligns the early-to-mid Holocene with the second, warmer phase of MIS 11c. During both these intervals, the western Iberian Margin was mainly affected by the Iberian Poleward Current that transported more temperate-warm, mesotrophic surface waters during MIS 11c than during the early-to-mid Holocene. During the early to mid-Holocene the Iberian Margin endured incursions of colder surface waters that did not occur during MIS 11c allowing us to hypothesize that the studied site experienced, from a paleoceanographic point of view, a more stable period during MIS 11c than the early Holocene. Finally, spectral analysis suggests the role of full, half and fourth precession components in driving surface-ocean variability during MIS 11 and during the last 24 kyr BP.Provided by PTCRIS: 58282, IF/01500/2014, UID/Multi/04326/2019info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Origin and evolutionary trends of the Neogene genera Amaurolithus and Nicklithus (calcareous nannofossils)

Sediment samples from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 999 and 1237 in the Caribbean Sea and Eastern Pacific Ocean were studied to monitor the evolution of ceratoliths from 7.4 Ma to 6 Ma. Orthorhabdus rugosus shows high variability at the end of the Tortonian to the Early Messinian (7.35 Ma to 6.91 Ma), resulting in the Amaurolithus (7.354 Ma) and Nicklithus branches (6.985 Ma). Orthorhabdus rugosus is an ortholith with three blades (sinistral, median, and dextral). The first ceratholith, A. primus, has two arms and a horseshoe shape with marked laths, and is stable and concave upwards. Its sinistral arm is formed from the sinistral blade of O. rugosus and the right arm is formed from the other blades. Early robust A. primus evolved into stylised forms and then to A. delicatus (7.226 Ma), an almost plain horseshoe ceratolith with two arms. The left arm, usually the longer one, comes from the sinistral wing of A. primus and has a characteristic flattened omega section (Ω) without laths. There is a distribution overlap between A. primus and A. delicatus; the highest occurrence of the first one, at 6.282 Ma, is a newly proposed bioevent for the Messinian. After this, Amaurolithus does not have laths in its longer left arm and should be included in A. delicatus. The second branch has only one species, Nicklithus amplificus, which became extinct at 6.049 Ma. In addition, the dextral and median blades of O. rugosus form N. amplificus dextral arm and the sinistral arm, which has the characteristic beak, hook, or hawk's bill, which is the main difference between the development of this horseshoe and that of the previous one. The descriptions of A. primus, A. delicatus, and N. amplificus were specified based on the proposed evolutionary genesis.This work was supported by projects RTI2018-099489-B-I00 and PID2020-114381GB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities). This study was funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU project GVA-THINKINAZUL/2021/039

Origin and evolution of the Neogene calcareous nannofossil Ceratolithus

Sediment samples of deep marine oceanic ODP boreholes from sites 999 in the Caribbean Sea and 1237 in the Eastern Pacific Ocean covering the period between 6 and 4.5 Ma have been studied with a focus on ceratolith evolution. Orthorhabdus rugosus is a nannolith with three blades (sinistral, median, and dextral) that first appeared during the Serravallian, it is not-birefringent in its stable orientation. It shows a high morphological variability time-interval at the end of the Messinian to the basal Pliocene (5.5 to 5 Ma) during which Ceratolithus (5.484 Ma) evolved. Changes occurred in the sinistral and median blades, whilst the dextral blade was reduced. Ceratolithus finifer n. comb is the first species of the evolutionary line. The nannolith stable position changed during its evolution, resulting in the older forms showing low birefringence and the younger ones moderate to high birefringence in the most stable orientation. Ceratolithus acutus, with an arrowhead shape, Ceratolithus armatus, and the morphologically distinct C. larrymayeri evolved from C. finifer with all three species showing high birefringence. The previous O. rugosus and C. finifer continued. Finally, C. armatus gives rise to C. cristatus. Ceratolithus atlanticus and C. tricorniculatus also evolved from C. finifer. All the species mentioned become extinct during the Pliocene except Ceratolithus cristatus that lives today. Detailed observations permit the analysis of the evolutionary trends of the group, possible mechanisms, patterns, and processes of speciation, and establish new criteria to define the species that, by their relative abundance and short geologic range, have permitted adjustment of biostratigraphic markers for this period.This work was supported by the projects RTI2018-099489-B-I00 and PID2020-114381GB-I00 (Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities). This study was funded by the European Union NextGenerationEU (PRTR-C17.I1) project GVA-THINKINAZUL/2021/039

The Pliocene Mediterranean infilling of the Messinian Erosional Surface: New biostratigraphic data based on calcareous nannofossils (Bajo Segura Basin, SE Spain)

The Bajo Segura Basin (eastern Betic Cordillera) is a Mediterranean marginal basin where the Messinian Erosional Surface (MES), formed during the Messinian Salinity Crisis sea-level fall, is well developed. Overlying this major discontinuity the lower Pliocene transgressive sediments record the reflooding of the Mediterranean and the return to an open marine environment, the continental shelf being rebuilt after the Messinian erosion. The stratigraphic and biostratigraphic study of six sections allows two transgressive-regressive sequences filling the MES to be distinguished, correlated with the previously distinguished Mediterranean offshore seismic units. Ten calcareous nannofossil bioevents have been identified. The lower sequence can be dated according to nannofossil biozones NN12 to NN14 and the upper sequence by NN15 to NN16. The boundary between both lower Pliocene sedimentary sequences occur after the first common occurrence (FCO) of Discoaster asymmetricus found in the uppermost sediments of the lower sequence and before the first occurrence (FO) of Discoaster tamalis in the lowermost part of the upper sequence. Thus this sequence boundary can be estimated at between 4.1 and 4.0Ma ago.This work has been supported by projects: CGL2007-65832/BTE Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, CGL2009-07830/BTE Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, and PASUR.CGL2009-08651 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación Projects and BEST/2010/068 Generalitat Valenciana

Plan de negocios para determinar la viabilidad de la expansión comercial mediante comercio electrónico de la empresa Importaciones Pao en la zona rural del departamento de Lambayeque

Importaciones Pao ha desarrollado un plan de negocios para expandir su alcance a las áreas rurales del departamento de Lambayeque. La viabilidad del plan fue evaluado al detalle con entrevistas a expertos en negocios de diversas zonas rurales y encuestas a pobladores de los distritos rurales más representativos de Lambayeque. Se utilizaron cuestionarios con preguntas cerradas y de selección múltiple como instrumentos de medición. El análisis abarcó aspectos internos y externos, cuantitativos y cualitativos, permitiendo desarrollar planes estratégicos, marketing, operativos, tecnológicos, recursos humanos, financieros y riesgos, todos enfocados en asegurar la viabilidad del proyecto. Un desafío importante identificado, fue la necesidad de superar la desconfianza de los posibles clientes rurales hacia el uso de medios electrónicos de pago y la falta de capacitación en transacciones en línea. En términos financieros, se calculó el punto de equilibrio y se realizaron análisis de riesgo que consideraron escenarios optimistas y pesimistas de ingresos y costos. Los resultados demostraron que la expansión de Importaciones Pao hacia las zonas rurales de Lambayeque es viable

APRENDIZAJE UBICUO ATRAVES DE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAJE EN EL AMBITO DE INGENIERIA DE SOFTWARE (UBIQUITOUS LEARNING THROUGH LEARNING OBJECTS IN THE ENVIROMENT OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING)

ResumenEn la enseñanza de la ingeniería de software se examina las implicaciones del aprendizaje ubicuo, en cualquier lugar o tiempo, para realizar un auto-aprendizaje donde solo se necesita contar con una computadora.  Este aprendizaje se genera a través de los Objetos de Aprendizaje (OAs) que son utilizados como una herramienta para la formación de material educativo, y su relación como facilitador del aprendizaje, nos llevar a realizar una evaluacion de calidad mediante la metodologia LORI. El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostar la aplicación de los objetos de Aprendizaje en el uso de la enseñanza de materias relacionadas a las ingenieria de software en alumnos de 7º semestre en adelante. Los resultados obtenidos del diseño de los objetos de aprendizaje, fue el lograr una mejor comprension de los temas por parte de los estudiantes y al docente le permitio lograr una autoevaluacion mas profunda de los temas.Palabra(s) Clave: objetos de aprendizaje, aprendizaje ubicuo, auto-aprendizaje, ingeniería de software AbstractIn the engineering education of software engineering, the implications of ubiquitous learning are examined, in any place or time, to carry out self-learning where they only need to carry a computer. The Learning Objects (OAs) dabble as a tool for the formation of educational material and its relationship as a facilitator of learning, lead us to make a quality assessment through the LORI methodology. The objective of this paper is to show the application of learning objects in the use of teaching subjects related to software engineering in students from the 7th semester onwards. The results obtained from the design of the learning objects was that I achieved a better comprehension of the topics by the students and the teachers allowed them to achieve a deeper self-evaluation of the topics.Keywords: learning objects, ubiquitous learning, self-learning, software engineerin

Babesia duncani multi-omics identifies virulence factors and drug targets

Babesiosis is a malaria-like disease in humans and animals that is caused by Babesia species, which are tick-transmitted apicomplexan pathogens. Babesia duncani causes severe to lethal infection in humans, but despite the risk that this parasite poses as an emerging pathogen, little is known about its biology, metabolic requirements or pathogenesis. Unlike other apicomplexan parasites that infect red blood cells, B. duncani can be continuously cultured in vitro in human erythrocytes and can infect mice resulting in fulminant babesiosis and death. We report comprehensive, detailed molecular, genomic, transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses to gain insights into the biology of B. duncani. We completed the assembly, 3D structure and annotation of its nuclear genome, and analysed its transcriptomic and epigenetics profiles during its asexual life cycle stages in human erythrocytes. We used RNA-seq data to produce an atlas of parasite metabolism during its intraerythrocytic life cycle. Characterization of the B. duncani genome, epigenome and transcriptome identified classes of candidate virulence factors, antigens for diagnosis of active infection and several attractive drug targets. Furthermore, metabolic reconstitutions from genome annotation and in vitro efficacy studies identified antifolates, pyrimethamine and WR-99210 as potent inhibitors of B. duncani to establish a pipeline of small molecules that could be developed as effective therapies for the treatment of human babesiosis.We thank R. Gao for her contribution to the initial eforts to sequence the B. duncani genome. C.B.M.’s research was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health (AI097218, GM110506, AI123321 and R43AI136118), the Steven and Alexandra Cohen Foundation (Lyme 62 2020), and the Global Lyme Alliance. S.L.’s research was supported by grants by the US National Science Foundation (IIS 1814359) and the National Institutes of Health (1R01AI169543-01). K.G.L.R.’s research was supported by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01 AI136511, R01 AI142743-01 and R21 AI142506-01), the University of California, Riverside (NIFA-Hatch-225935) and the Health Institute Carlos III (PI20CIII/00037).S

Onset of Mediterranean outflow into the North Atlantic

Sediments cored along the southwestern Iberian margin during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 339 provide constraints on Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) circulation patterns from the Pliocene epoch to the present day. After the Strait of Gibraltar opened (5.33 million years ago), a limited volume of MOW entered the Atlantic. Depositional hiatuses indicate erosion by bottom currents related to higher volumes of MOW circulating into the North Atlantic, beginning in the late Pliocene. The hiatuses coincide with regional tectonic events and changes in global thermohaline circulation (THC). This suggests that MOW influenced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), THC, and climatic shifts by contributing a component of warm, saline water to northern latitudes while in turn being influenced by plate tectonics

Relative sea-level rise around East Antarctica during Oligocene glaciation

During the middle and late Eocene (∼48-34 Myr ago), the Earth's climate cooled and an ice sheet built up on Antarctica. The stepwise expansion of ice on Antarcticainduced crustal deformation and gravitational perturbations around the continent. Close to the ice sheet, sea level rosedespite an overall reduction in the mass of the ocean caused by the transfer of water to the ice sheet. Here we identify the crustal response to ice-sheet growth by forcing a glacial-hydro isostatic adjustment model with an Antarctic ice-sheet model. We find that the shelf areas around East Antarctica first shoaled as upper mantle material upwelled and a peripheral forebulge developed. The inner shelf subsequently subsided as lithosphere flexure extended outwards from the ice-sheet margins. Consequently the coasts experienced a progressive relative sea-level rise. Our analysis of sediment cores from the vicinity of the Antarctic ice sheet are in agreement with the spatial patterns of relative sea-level change indicated by our simulations. Our results are consistent with the suggestion that near-field processes such as local sea-level change influence the equilibrium state obtained by an icesheet grounding line