P17-16. Anti-Langerin-HIV Gag p24 fusion protein targeting Langerhans cells as a new anti-HIV vaccine strategy

International audiencen.

Targeting HIV Gag p24 to DICR on dendritic cells induces T cell and potent and long-lasting antibody responses in non-human primates

International audienc

Targeting self- and foreign antigens to dendritic cells via DC-ASGPR generates IL-10-producing suppressive CD4+ T cells

Dendritic cells (DCs) can initiate and shape host immune responses toward either immunity or tolerance by their effects on antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells. DC-asialoglycoprotein receptor (DC-ASGPR), a lectinlike receptor, is a known scavenger receptor. Here, we report that targeting antigens to human DCs via DC-ASGPR, but not lectin-like oxidized-LDL receptor, Dectin-1, or DC-specific ICAM-3-grabbing nonintegrin favors the generation of antigen-specific suppressive CD4(+) T cells that produce interleukin 10 (IL-10). These findings apply to both self-and foreign antigens, as well as memory and naive CD4(+) T cells. The generation of such IL-10-producing CD4(+) T cells requires p38/extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation and IL-10 induction in DCs. We further demonstrate that immunization of nonhuman primates with antigens fused to anti-DC-ASGPR monoclonal antibody generates antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells that produce IL-10 in vivo. This study provides a new strategy for the establishment of antigen-specific IL-10-producing suppressive T cells in vivo by targeting whole protein antigens to DCs via DC-ASGPR

Anti-microbial Functions of group 3 innate lymphoid cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues are regulated by G-protein-coupled receptor 183

Summary: The intestinal tract is constantly exposed to various stimuli. Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) reside in lymphoid organs and in the intestinal tract and are required for immunity to enteric bacterial infection. However, the mechanisms that regulate the ILC3s in vivo remain incompletely defined. Here, we show that GPR183, a chemotactic receptor expressed on murine and human ILC3s, regulates ILC3 migration toward its ligand 7α,25-dihydroxycholesterol (7α,25-OHC) in vitro, and GPR183 deficiency in vivo leads to a disorganized distribution of ILC3s in mesenteric lymph nodes and decreased ILC3 accumulation in the intestine. GPR183 functions intrinsically in ILC3s, and GPR183-deficient mice are more susceptible to enteric bacterial infection. Together, these results reveal a role for the GPR183-7α,25-OHC pathway in regulating the accumulation, distribution, and anti-microbial and tissue-protective functions of ILC3s and define a critical role for this pathway in promoting innate immunity to enteric bacterial infection. : Chu et al. demonstrate that GPR183 and its ligand 7α,25-OHC regulate the accumulation, distribution, and anti-microbial and tissue-protective functions of group 3 innate lymphoid cells, thus revealing a critical role for this pathway in promoting innate immunity against enteric bacterial infection. Keywords: group 3 innate lymphoid cells, GPR183, mesenteric lymph node, intestine, accumulation, distribution, anti-microbia

Development of prototype vaccines based on targeting antigens to human dendritic cells

Les cellules dendritiques (CD) jouent un rôle majeur dans l'initiation, la régulation et le maintien des réponses immunes contre les pathogènes. Le ciblage d'antigènes (Ag) liés à des anticorps monoclonaux (AcM) dirigés contre des récepteurs spécifiques de CD est une approche vaccinale prometteuse induisant une réponse immunitaire chez l'animal. Cependant, certaines protéines de fusion AcM-Ag ne peuvent pas être produites. J'ai donc développé des AcM fusionnés à un domaine dockérine et des Ag fusionnés à un domaine cohésine, permettant ainsi l'assemblage non-covalent de complexes AcM-Ag. Ainsi, des complexes non-covalents anti-CD40-Ag ou anti-Langerine-Ag du virus influenza ont induit l'expansion in vitro de lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+ spécifiques, et la production d'anticorps chez la souris. De même, le ciblage de ces Ag via DCIR, récepteur exprimé sur différentes populations de CD humaines, ont induit l'expansion de lymphocytes T CD8+ mémoires in vitro. Enfin, j'ai montré que l'addition de peptides glycosylés flexibles facilite la production d'AcM anti-CD40 fusionnés à 5 peptides du VIH. Ces peptides conservés et immunogènes sont dérivés des protéines Gag, Nef et Pol. Ce prototype vaccinal, testé in vitro, sur des cellules de patients séropositifs, induit l'expansion d'un vaste répertoire de lymphocytes T CD4+ et CD8+ spécifiques et multifonctionnels. Ces cellules T CD8+ cytotoxiques sont capables de supprimer la réplication du VIH in vitro. En conclusion, ce travail a permis de développer plusieurs prototypes de vaccins ciblant les CD et a démontré leur potentiel à induire des réponses immunes efficaces, justifiant leur application à visée préventive et thérapeutique.Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most potent antigen-presenting cells, have a pivotal role in the initiation, regulation and maintenance of immune responses against cancers and pathogens. Targeting antigens (Ag) directly to DCs via anti-DC receptor monoclonal antibody-antigen (mAb-Ag) fusion proteins is a promising approach to vaccine development and has been shown to induce potent immunity in animal models. Thus, I developed mAbs fused to a dockerin domain and antigens fused to a cohesin domain, enabling non-covalent assembly of mAb-Ag complexes particularly when direct mAb-Ag fusions could not be produced. Delivery of influenza Ags to CD40 and Langerin via these non-covalent complexes, respectively expanded Ag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in vitro and elicited Ag-specific antibody responses in mice. Similarly, targeting influenza Ags in vitro with such complexes to DCIR on various human DC subsets expanded Ag-specific memory CD8+ T cells. Finally, I found that flexible glycosylated peptide linkers enabled production of an anti-CD40 mAb fused to a string of 5 conserved T cell epitope- rich regions of HIV Gag, Nef and Pol. In vitro, this prototype vaccine expanded a broad repertoire of Ag- specific and multifunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected patients. These cytotoxic expanded CD8+ T cells were effective in suppressing in vitro HIV replication. In conclusion, our work facilitated the development of prototype DC-targeting vaccines and demonstrated their potential to induce effective immune responses, supporting their use for preventive and therapeutic applications

Delivering HIV Gagp24 to DCIR Induces Strong Antibody Responses In Vivo.

Targeting dendritic cell-specific endocytic receptors using monoclonal antibodies fused to desired antigens is an approach widely used in vaccine development to enhance the poor immunogenicity of protein-based vaccines and to induce immune responses. Here, we engineered an anti-human DCIR recombinant antibody, which cross-reacts with the homologous cynomolgous macaque receptor and was fused via the heavy chain C-terminus to HIV Gagp24 protein (αDCIR.Gagp24). In vitro, αDCIR.Gagp24 expanded multifunctional antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells recognizing multiple Gagp24 peptides from HIV-infected patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In non human primates, priming with αDCIR.Gagp24 without adjuvant elicited a strong anti-Gagp24 antibody response after the second immunization, while in the non-targeted HIV Gagp24 protein control groups the titers were weak. The presence of the double-stranded RNA poly(I:C) adjuvant significantly enhanced the anti-Gagp24 antibody response in all the groups and reduced the discrimination between the different vaccine groups. The avidity of the anti-Gagp24 antibody responses was similar with either αDCIR.Gagp24 or Gagp24 immunization, but increased from medium to high avidity in both groups when poly(I:C) was co-administered. This data provides a comparative analysis of DC-targeted and non-targeted proteins for their capacity to induce antigen-specific antibody responses in vivo. This study supports the further development of DCIR-based DC-targeting vaccines for protective durable antibody induction, especially in the absence of adjuvant. PLoS One 2015 Sep 25; 10(9):e013551

Targeting dendritic cells in humanized mice receiving adoptive T cells via monoclonal antibodies fused to Flu epitopes.

The targeting of vaccine antigens to antigen presenting cells (APC), such as dendritic cells (DCs), is a promising strategy for boosting vaccine immunogenicity and, in turn, protective and/or therapeutic efficacy. However, in vivo systems are needed to evaluate the potential of this approach for testing human vaccines. To this end, we examined human CD8(+) T-cell expansion to novel DC-targeting vaccines in vitro and in vivo in humanized mice. Vaccines incorporating the influenza matrix protein-1 (FluM1) antigen fused to human specific antibodies targeting different DC receptors, including DEC-205, DCIR, Dectin-1, and CD40, elicited human CD8(+) T-cell responses, as defined by the magnitude of specific CD8(+) T-cells to the targeted antigen. In vitro we observed differences in response to the different vaccines, particularly between the weakly immunogenic DEC-205-targeted and more strongly immunogenic CD40-targeted vaccines, consistent with previous studies. However, in humanized mice adoptively transferred (AT) with mature human T cells (HM-T), vaccines that performed weakly in vitro (i.e., DEC-205, DCIR, and Dectin-1) gave stronger responses in vivo, some resembling those of the strongly immunogenic CD40-targeted vaccine. These results demonstrate the utility of the humanized mouse model as a platform for studies of human vaccines. Vaccine 2016 Sep 22; 34(41):4857-65