Positive ion reactions

Laboratory methods for determining total cross sections and reaction rate coefficients for ion-neutral reactions involving positive ion

Fabrication of composite propfan blades for a cruise missile wind tunnel model

This report outlines the procedures that were employed in fabricating prototype graphite-epoxy composite prop fan blades. These blades were used in wind tunnel tests that investigated prop fan propulsion system interactions with a missile airframe in order to study the feasibility of an advanced-technology-propfan-propelled missile. Major phases of the blade fabrication presented include machining of the master blade, mold fabrication, ply cutting and assembly, blade curing, and quality assurance. Specifically, four separate designs were fabricated, 18 blades of each geometry, using the same fabrication technique for each design

Hydronephrosis Due to Bilateral Tubo-ovarian Abscess

A 27-year-old female presented to the emergency department with fevers, nausea, chills, and non-specific bilateral lower quadrant abdominal pain. A pregnancy test was negative. Computed tomography demonstrated moderate left hydronephrosis secondary to tubo-ovarian abscess. The abscess was so large it distorted local anatomy and compressed the ureters. She was prescribed meropenem and admitted for care by obstetrics/gynecology

Impacts of Root Invigoration and its Individual Components on the Performance of red maple (\u3ci\u3eAcer rubrum\u3c/i\u3e)

The Root Invigoration process involves soil decompaction with an air tool, amendment with organic matter and prescription fertilizer, and mulching. In the current study, we measured soil chemical and physical properties, tree characteristics, and root system responses to this process and its individual components. Treatments included Root Invigoration (AFM), mulch only (M), fertilization only (F), Airspade® tillage only (A), and an untreated control (C). The experiment was conducted from 2005-2007 at four urban sites: Anderson, SC; Boston, MA; Myrtle Beach, SC and Pittsburgh, PA. Soil strength was initially reduced by Airspade®, mulch and AFM; however only AFM-treated soils sustained this reduction over two seasons. Across all locations, soil organic matter content was increased with AFM and mulching. The levels of six soil nutrients were increased by Root Invigoration, while one nutrient was increased by an individual treatment. Tree condition ratings were significantly higher in AFM trees than control trees by the end of 2007. In two locations, increases in dbh were also greater for AFM trees. At the end of 2006, estimated chlorophyll concentrations were higher in AFM trees than in the A or M treatments. Foliage of AFM trees had higher levels of phosphorus and potassium than foliage of fertilized trees. Mulched soils (both AFM and M) frequently had higher soil moisture content. During a drought period in 2007, pre-dawn leaf water potential was higher for M trees on two dates and for AFM trees on one. Although there were differences in root length density (cm root/cm3 soil) among treatments in 2006, there were none in 2007. Mean root diameter was increased with fertilization. Root lifespan was reduced with M and AFM treatments. Time until root browning was also reduced with A, M and AFM, however AFM merely reflected the influence of the individual treatments. M and AFM shifted a greater proportion of fine roots to the upper 33.3 cm of the soil profile

Deserts Will Bloom: Atomic Agriculture And The Promise Of Radioactive Redemption

This paper examines the rhetorical and visual strategies used in marketing atomic agriculture to the American public from the 1940s to the 1960s. The term “atomic agriculture” refers to various agricultural research programs that used radioactive materials, particularly radioisotope tracing and mutation breeding. In print and on screen, atomic boosters from government and industry offered the promise of a better world made possible by applying atomic energy to agriculture. I argue that the proponents of atomic agriculture combined futurism and nostalgia to create a techno-pastoral vision. They hearkened back to the nineteenth century while simultaneously imagining a bright postwar future. Moreover, they drew upon longstanding literary and visual devices, from anthropomorphism to Edenic restoration narratives. At times, however, their optimism about atomic cultivation vied with fears about radioactive contamination of the food supply. This darker counter-narrative was not incidental either. As with other images of the so-called peaceful atom, promoters were addressing public anxiety and ambivalence about its uses. Admittedly, research programs did produce substantial results, including insights on photosynthesis and new crop varieties. Yet, the only atomic blooms in deserts came from mushroom clouds, and rather than creating fertile farmland, industrial giants contaminated arable land with radiation. The promise of atomic agriculture was one of radioactive redemption, but it advertised a utopian future that never arrived

The Chopinian Heroine: A Role Model for the Self-Assertion of Women

During the nineteenth century in America, women endured many restraints placed on them by society. These social restraints were often justified in the name of chivalry and the Bible. Fundamentalist religion, with its patriarchal nature and its strict moral code, hampered women\u27s struggle for rights. The religious and social condemnation of divorce forced many women, rather than incurring the chastisement of society by seeking divorce from drunken and worthless husbands, to spend their lives in martyrdom. Most women also resented the limitations the chivalric code imposed on the full development of their minds and personalities. This code of chivalry led to the development of a cult of domesticity, which taught a woman to aspire to be a beautiful, self-sacrificing being who made hearth and home her world, and lived only to nurture and inspire her husband and children. This cult of domesticity also involved a set of virtues to be possessed by the ideal woman. The national popular ideal of womanhood--as depicted in sermons, educational tracts, and other prescriptive literature--consisted of the virtues of piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity. Together, these virtues define a prescribed \u27feminine nature\u27 that many felt was contrary to woman\u27s true nature. Some held that this prescribed nature was so entrenched as to render true feminine nature indiscernible. It was into this society that Kate Chopin introduced her writing. In an era repressive to both women and creativity, Kate Chopin became a female writer whose insights made critics agree that she dealt realistically with the situation of women. She distinguished herself from the prevailing romantic literature and developed into a realist, critical of Victorian prudishness and of the limitations placed on women--an women as writers--of her time. The prescribed women\u27s literature of the day portrayed certain stereotypical women: the wife, the sweetheart, the nurturer, the sinner, and the chaste widow. Kate Chopin created her own heroine--a woman who could not be categorized, would transcend the limits of society, and would realize her true nature. This heroine possessed certain qualities all centered on the theme of self-assertion repressed by an imposing, patriarchal society

Excitation of Na D-line radiation in collisions of sodium atoms with internally excited H2, D2, and N2

Excitation of D-line radiation in collisions of Na atoms with vibrationally excited N2, H2 and D2 was studied in two modulated crossed beam experiments. In both experiments, the vibrational excitation of the molecules was provided by heating the molecular beam source to temperatures in the range of 2000 to 3000 K, which was assumed to give populations according to the Boltzmann expression. In the first experiment, a total rate coefficient was measured as a function of molecular beam temperature, with absolute calibration of the photon detector being made using the black body radiation from the heated molecular beam source. Since heating affects both the internal energy and the collisional kinetic energy, the first experiment could not determine the relative contributions of internal energy transfer versus collisional excitation. The second experiment achieved partial separation of internal versus kinetic energy transfer effects by using a velocity-selected molecular beam. Using two simple models for the kinetic energy dependence of the transfer cross section for a given change in vibrational quantum number, the data from both experiments were used to determine parameters in the models

The atom-molecule reaction D plus H2 yields HD plus H studied by molecular beams

Collisions between deuterium atoms and hydrogen molecules were studied in a modulated crossed beam experiment. The relative signal intensity and the signal phase for the product HD from reactive collisions permitted determination of both the angular distribution and HD mean velocity as a function of angle. From these a relative differential reactive scattering cross section in center-of-mass coordinates was deduced. The experiment indicates that reactively formed HD which has little or no internal excitation departs from the collision anisotropically, with maximum amplitude 180 deg from the direction of the incident D beam in center-of-mass coordinates, which shows that the D-H-H reacting configuration is short-lived compared to its rotation time. Non reactive scattering of D by H2 was used to assign absolute values to the differential reactive scattering cross sections