Vision 2035 and the Kribi Deep Seaport: An analysis of the Economic Impacts for Cameroon

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the effects of the Kribi Deep Seaport project will be positive for economic development in Cameroon, and how the Port will affect Cameroon’s regional and global role. The study was conducted over a one-month period and was primarily qualitative in nature. The principal method of inquiry was interviews, which were complemented by quantitative secondary source research. Although most informants asserted that the project was a positive step for the country, the information they provided led me to conclude that the project was undertaken prematurely and will not promote sustainable economic development in Cameroon. There were several findings that led me to this conclusion. First, the lack of adequate educational infrastructure in the country, excluding most Cameroonians from taking advantage of the employment opportunities generated. Second, the lack of transparency and the demonstrated inability of the government to effectively utilize revenues, meaning that natural resource wealth would be wasted. The final result that led to my conclusion was the negative implications of the expansion of the relationship with China that the Port entails. Ultimately, the Port is a good project in principle, but the current circumstances will nullify the potential benefits

Studies in the ecology of potato aphids in Eastern Scotland with special reference to Myzus Persicae (Sulzer)

Abstract Not Provide

What is an effective leader?: A reflective essay

What is leadership? Wiles & Bondi (1986) describe leadership in the following way: Leadership is an approach, a way of working with people within an organization to accomplish a task. Persons in supervisory roles must understand the conditions of an organization, possess a vision of what can be done to improve that organization, and interlock the behaviors of others with that organization\u27s structure. (p.26) In their studies, Hersey & Blanchard (1976) have found that: Over the last few decades, people in the field of management have been involved in a search for a best style of leadership. Yet, the evidence from research clearly indicates that there is no single all-purpose leadership style. Successful leaders are those who can adapt their behavior to meet the demands of their own unique situation. (p. 1

Urban freight policy maturity and sustainable logistics: are they related?

Problems associated with urban freight are well known and documented in the academic literature, particularly with regards to the impact on air quality and general intrusion of public space. As a defining principle however, urban freight has generally been left solely to operate on free market principles, with policy interventions generally being solely ‘problem’ focused. Given the underlying economics of freight transport, and particularly the cost advantages of road-based transport, intervention by public bodies is clearly a critical issue, however to date has received limited attention in the urban freight research literature. The aim of the current research is to examine if there is any relationship between the extent of local authorities’ freight policy development and the success of a policy driven (green) urban freight pilot initiative. This is based on five city case studies located across Northern Europe and uses an adapted form of Kiba-Janiak (Res Transp Bus Manag 24:4–16, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2017.05.003) five stages of ‘city maturity’ with regards to urban freight policy development. Each city’s policy framework is mapped onto one of these states of maturity. The success of the pilots in each city is then matched against the maturity of the policy framework. Taken at face value, the results show little correlation between the two, and hence the success of any initiative would appear to be independent of the policy framework. The real issue however is found to be low urban freight transport policy maturities within the case study sample, specifically a lack of tactical and operational functions, i.e. the ability to actually do something. The concern at the more general level is that what this leads to is policy stagnation

Perceptions towards aqua-based exercise among older adults with osteoarthritis who have discontinued participation in this exercise mode

Aim: This study aimed to investigate reasons for ceasing participation in aqua-based exercise among older adults with osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Eleven adults over 60 years of age with OA participated in one of two focus groups, during which they discussed barriers to aqua-based exercise and the potential benefits of this exercise mode. Each focus group was audiotaped, transcribed and then analysed using the general inductive thematic approach. The investigators reached a consensus on all coding categories and then identified themes. Results: Key barriers identified were: a lack of suitable classes; insufficient instructor knowledge, which often led to increased pain; cold water and the changing facilities. Key perceived benefits included increased physical ability in water and social interaction. Conclusions: A greater understanding of reasons for ceasing participation in aqua-based exercise among older adults with OA may help facilitate development of suitable exercise programs that minimise barriers for this group