HENRY DARGER’S “REALMS OF THE UNREAL”—BUT WHO IN THE REALM IS KIYOKO LERNER?

In 1973, Henry Darger died in Cook County, Illinois, leaving behind a body of drawings, paintings, and collages that has since risen to international prominence as outsider art. While Darger is a household name in the art world, Kiyoko Lerner–the widow of Darger’s last landlord, Nathan Lerner–is the listed owner on the Darger copyrights since the late 1990s. This note explores the curious case of Henry Darger’s copyrights and how Lerner’s ownership is likely invalid under legal theories of estate, gift, and landlord-tenant transfer. The case of the late photographer Vivian Maier’s estate, currently subject to legal challenge in Cook County, Illinois, serves as a prescient example of invalid copyright transfer upon discovery of an outsider artist’s work

A Survey of the Extent of Adult Homemaking Education in Vocationally Approved High Schools in South Dakota with Implications for Possible Expansion

The purpose of this study was to learn the extent of adult homemaking education in vocationally approved high schools in South Dakota and to investigate opinions concerning possibilities for increasing the adult homemaking program. Analysis of the data from the returned questionnaires revealed that, while homemaking education for adults is available as a part of the vocational program in some high schools in South Dakota, in the majority of high schools, it is found to be entirely lacking. Of the 109 vocationally approved high schools investigated, 13 offered adult homemaking classes at some time during the three-year period. The majority, or 75 percent, of the homemaking classes were taught by the homemaking teacher and the remaining 25 percent by qualified outside persons. The majority of the students became interested in adult homemaking classes through the media of newspaper and word of mouth. More than three-fourths of the classes were held in the fall and winter. The reasons given for selecting this time of year for classes to meet were that there were fewer conflicts and ti was more convenient for participants. Adult classes were usually held in the evening but three teachers had held classes during school hours

Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA) Utility in Differentiating Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Subtypes

Research has indicated that Continuous Performance Tests (CPTs) can differentiate Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity (ADHD) subjects from controls without any psychiatric illness. However, CPTs have neither accurately differentiated ADHD children from those with other psychiatric disorders—nor differentiated subtypes of ADHD from each other. The Test of Variables of Attention (TOVA), a new CPT, has several advantages over its predecessors which may allow the TOVA to be more effective in this differentiation process. Data from ADHD subjects was selected from children who were administered the TOVA as part of their evaluation for ADHD at Lakeland Mental Health Center in Moorhead, MN, the Child Evaluation and Treatment Program in Grand Forks, ND, and the Behavioral Health Clinic at the St. Cloud Hospital in St. Cloud, MN. Learning Disordered subjects\u27 data was obtained from a previous study by Clay et al. (1996). Children with no history of psychiatric illness were recruited by offering research participation credit to University of North Dakota students who agreed to have their children participate in this study. Results were evaluated by using a group (ADHD-C, ADHD-I, Learning Disordered, and non-patient control) by TOVA quartile (1,2,3,4) mixed ANOVA on all TOVA variables (using age-corrected standard scores). In addition, I computed the Positive Predictive Power (PPP), Negative Predictive Power (NPP), and Sensitivity of the TOVA variables in order to determine the diagnostic utility of these measures. Finally, to test a theory that “high consistency” ADHD children might outperform controls, each group was divided into halves based upon the group\u27s response time variability scores (by a simple median split). A group by consistency (high variability vs. low variability) ANOVA was conducted on the remaining TOVA variables (errors of omission, errors of commission, and response time). Results of the PPP/NPP analyses suggested that some TOVA variables are useful in differentiating ADHD children from non-patient controls, but not useful in differentiating ADHD from LD children. Also, TOVA data do not appear to be able to differentiate ADHD subtypes from each other. Finally, the data provided little support for the theory that a subgroup of “high consistency” ADHD children would outperform controls on other TOVA variables