Finnish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents

Consumption of veterinary antimicrobials in food-producing animal species in Finland is low and in recent years, has decreased further. Drop is noted in sales of almost all antimicrobial classes. Particularly sales of orally administered products have decreased. Sales of tablets intended to companion animals has almost halved during this decade. Majority, two thirds, of all antimicrobial products sold in 2018 was for treatment of individual animals and the remaining third products applicable for group treatment. Narrow spectrum penicillin G was the most used antimicrobial for animals and the proportion of highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIA) was very low. The antimicrobial resistance situation in bacteria from animals and food has remained relatively good in Finland. However, in certain bacteria resistance was detected in moderate or high levels. Therefore, there is a need to further emphasise the preventive measures and prudent use of antimicrobials. It is important to follow the Finnish recommendations for the use of antimicrobials in animals. Among salmonella and campylobacter isolated from Finnish food-producing animals, resistance levels were mainly low. For the first time in Finland, multidrug resistant S. Kentucky was isolated from cattle in 2018. From 2014, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone and tetracycline resistance in campylobacter from broilers have varied. The occurrence of fluoroquinolone resistance in indicator E. coli has increased although the resistance is still low. Among pathogenic bacteria isolated from food-producing animals the most notifiable change was the worsening of resistance in some bovine respiratory disease pathogens. In other pathogens from food-producing animals the resistance situation remained similar as in previous years. The proportion of resistant bacterial isolates from companion animals and horses decreased for nearly all antimicrobials. However, the proportion of resistant isolates is still high for some antimicrobials. ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria were still encountered in broilers and broiler meat; prevalence of these bacteria in broiler meat was somewhat lower in 2018 compared to 2016

FINRES-Vet 2019 : Finnish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring and Consumption of Antimicrobial Agents

Sales of veterinary antimicrobials in food-producing animal species in Finland remained low although it increased slightly in 2019. Majority, almost two thirds, of all antimicrobial products are given to individual animals, and products intended for group treatment accounted for just over a third. Injectable penicillin is still the most commonly used antimicrobial. The next most common agents are orally administered tetracyclines and orally administered sulfonamide-trimethoprim combination, both of which saw a clear increase in sales last year. Sales of reserve antimicrobials (HPCIA, WHO list) for the treatment of animals remained very low also in 2019. The antimicrobial resistance situation in bacteria from animals and food has remained relatively good in Finland. However, in certain bacterial species resistance was detected in moderate or high levels. Therefore, there is a need to further emphasise the preventive measures and prudent use of antimicrobials. It is important to follow the Finnish recommendations for the use of antimicrobials in animals. Among salmonella and campylobacter from Finnish food-producing animals, resistance levels were mainly low. For the first time in Finland, multidrug resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium was isolated from a few cattle and pig farms in 2019. From 2014 onwards, the occurrence of fluoroquinolone and tetracycline resistant campylobacter from broilers have varied. No significant changes have been observed in the occurrence of resistant indicator E. coli from pigs except for tetracycline resistance which has decreased since 2013. The resistance situation among pathogenic bacteria isolated from food-producing animals was similar as in previous year. Resistant isolates are still detected most commonly among enterotoxigenic E. coli from pigs. The proportion of resistant bacterial isolates from companion animals and horses decreased for nearly all antimicrobials. However, resistance against some antimicrobials increased for certain bacterial species. The prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-producing bacteria in slaughtered pigs as well as in pork and beef was low or non-existent

Animal disease data complementing the European Union One Health 2021 Zoonoses Report

This dataset contains the mandatory annual data reported for bovine tuberculosis and for bovine and ovine and caprine brucellosis based on Directive 2003/99.EU; Excel; [email protected]

The Impacts of Household Consumption and Options for Change

This introductory article situates the contributions that comprise this special issue within the field of sustainable consumption and production (SCP) studies. After a brief review of the policy history surrounding SCP, we organize our discussion and the subsequent collection of articles into two groups. The first suite of articles views the environmental impacts associated with household consumption from the perspectives of different consumer groups, income levels, and geographic areas. This work confirms and refines several insights that have been developing over the past several years, namely that food and beverages, mobility, housing, and energy-using products are the most critical consumption domains from the standpoint of environmental sustainability and that higher household income leads to greater (but less than proportional) impacts. The second subset of articles analyzes the potential for mitigating these impacts through behavioral changes and innovation strategies. Though the contributions to this special issue describe several noteworthy examples of information- and team-based initiatives to catalyze behavioral changes, the state of knowledge pertaining to this aspect of the consumption problematique is much more inchoate. Research on the formulation and implementation of effective "change management for sustainable consumption" should be treated as an area of priority attention for industrial ecologists