L'organo di controllo facoltativo nella s.r.l. alla luce della l. n. 35/2012

Il lavoro affronta le novità legislative che nel 2011, prima, e nel 2012, poi, hanno riguardato la disciplina dell'organo di controllo della società a responsabilità limitata. Talune osservazioni sono dedicate alla composizione monocratica dell'organo di controllo; apprezzamento si manifesta nell'estensione del comma 5 dell'art. 2477 c.c. anche all'ipotesi di organo di controllo facoltativo; perplessità si esprimono in merito alla possibilità che per la società a responsabilità limitata l'obbligo di nomina possa essere circoscritto ala sola revisione leale dei conti

Il riassetto della disciplina delle banche popolari

The paper deals with the "banche popolari" italian law reform (decree-law n. 3/2015 converted into law n. 33/2015). The new legislation, so called "Investment compact", requires the transformation of the biggest "banche popolari" into "società per azioni". At the same time, the new law amends the rules regarding the banks that remain cooperative: for them it allows the issue of financial tools. The paper highlights the effects of the law reform on the cooperative banks'corporate governance

Trends in AIDS-defining and non-AIDS-defining cancers among patients with AIDS in the city of São Paulo: 1997 - 2012

Background: People with AIDS (PWA) are at increased risk for certain types of cancer. The objective of the present study was to describe three aspects of the cancer epidemiology among PWA: time trends, risk and survival. Methods: To identify PWA who had cancer, a probabilistic record linkage between the databases “Information System on Disease Notification (SINAN)” (87,109 records) and the “Population-based Cancer Registry of São Paulo” (628,161 cancer cases) was conducted. The trend analyses were based on the annual percent change (APC) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). To assess the risk for cancer the standardized incidence ratio (SIR) and 95% CI were calculated. The survival analyses were conducted by means of Kaplan Meier methods and Cox models. Results: The database comprised 2,074 cancer cases, diagnosed in 2,000 PWA (seventy-four people had two primary site tumors). The majority were male (1,461; 73.0%), white (1,111; 55.6%) and aged 30-49 years old at cancer diagnosis (1,257; 62.9%). Most cancers (1,057; 51.0%) were non-AIDS defining (NADC). A statistically significant decline in the incidence of AIDS-defining cancers (ADC) was found in males and females (APCM = -14.1%/year; APCF = -15.6%/year). Conversely the incidence of NADC has increased since the mid 2000’s (APCM = 7.4%/year) among men. The risks for both ADC (SIRM = 27.74; SIRF = 8.71) and NADC (SIRM = 1.87; SIRF = 1.44) were significantly elevated. The overall five-year survival in PWA after cancer diagnosis was 49.4% (versus 72.7% in matched non-PWA). The hazard ratios were 2.93 and 2.51 for ADC and NADC, respectively. Conclusion: Cancer burden among PWA in São Paulo was similar to that described in high-income countries following the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy. Despite the significant reductions in the incidence of ADC, PWA remain at higher risk of developing cancer

Original approach for thrombolytic therapy in patients with Ilio-femoral deep vein thrombosis: 2 years follow-up

Objective: The aim of the study was to discuss the results of catheter-directed thrombolysis and complementary procedures to treat acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (DVT) evaluating the safety and effectivness of an easy access such as the Great Saphenous Vein. Methods and materials: A total of 22 consecutive patients with iliofemoral thrombosis and two patients with femoro-popliteal thrombosis on recent onset diagnosed with Ultrasound Doppler and contrast venography underwent intrathrombus drip infusion of urokinase while intravenous heparin was continued using saphenical access. Residual venous stenosis were treated in six patients by percutaneous balloon Angioplasty and stenting. All patients underwent routine venous duplex imaging at 30 days, 3 months, 6 months and every 6 months thereafter. Results: Complete patency of thrombosed veins was restored in 22 patients (91 %) with prompt symptomatic relief. There were no major complications in the immediate outcomes. At follow-up, two patients reported a persistant slim iliac vein stenosis, two patients had post-thrombotic syndrome, and two patients showed Deep Vein Reflux. Conclusion: Local thrombolysis using saphenical access was a safe and effective approach for the treatment of acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. It seems to be a valid, easy and safe alternative, reducing the risks of haematoma and venous lesions, which can be observed when using femoral, popliteal, and trans-jugular access

SIMPLEMENTE, VOLVER A LO BÁSICO

COVID-19 is the most recently discovered infectious disease caused by a coronavirus. Currently, it is a pandemic that affects many countries around the world. Since December 2019, the world is going through a pandemic that has not only claimed countless lives but has also led many countries to face a critical situation in health, economy, education, business, including food. Restrictive measures have had to be adopted to prevent infections and, until now, just staying at home, washing hands and covering the face is the only barrier of protection and hope of not catching a virus that does not distinguish race, sex, social status or leadership. Although symptoms can be compared to those of a cold, and only 1 in 5 infected people require hospitalization, COVID-19 has stopped the world and the economies, can it influence the lifestyle of the world's citizens? Will it be able to correct the mistakes that led us here?El COVID-19 es la enfermedad infecciosa causada por un coronavirus que se ha descubierto más recientemente. Actualmente, el COVID 19 se ha convertido en una pandemia que afecta a muchos países de todo el mundo. Desde diciembre del 2019, el mundo atraviesa una pandemia que no sólo ha cobrado innumerables vidas, sino también ha llevado a muchos países a enfrentar una situación crítica en salud, economía, educación, negocios, inclusive alimentación. Se ha tenido que adoptar medidas restrictivas para evitar los contagios y, hasta el momento, sólo quedarse en casa, lavarse las manos y cubrirse la cara es la única barrera de protección y esperanza de no contagiarse de un virus que no distingue raza, sexo, estatus social o liderazgo. Aunque los síntomas pueden compararse con un resfriado, y sólo 1 de cada 5 personas contagiadas requiere hospitalización, el COVID-19 ha detenido al mundo y las economías, ¿podrá influir en el estilo de vida de los ciudadanos del mundo? ¿logrará corregir los errores que nos llevaron hasta aquí

Target-based study to identify new bioactive diterpenes

2017 - 2018Target identification and mechanism of action studies of plant-derived compounds play a critical role in drug discovery. The knowledge of the bioactivity of natural compounds can lead to a number of advantages: first of all, it is possible to understand their full therapeutic potential; in addition, it can allow the further identification of their side-effects, their toxicity and also structure-activity relationships studies. This research project is focused on a Reverse Chemical Genetics approach, which relies on the screening of libraries of plant small molecules (provided by the Department of Pharmacy (DIFARMA)-Bioactive Natural Products, University of Salerno (UNISA), Fisciano, Italy) able to bind specific target proteins and on the validation of the ligand/protein interaction. In my PhD project I focused on three protein targets, over-expressed in cancer and identified as potential markers in several tumor cell lines: Nucleolin, Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) and Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90). Nucleolin (NCL) is a multifunctional protein involved in many process such as DNA transcription, ribosome biogenesis and regulation of mRNAs of anti-apoptotic and antiproliferative proteins such as AKT1, Bcl2, p53. Firstly, a screening of ent-kaurane and ent-trachilobane library by Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) on Jurkat (leukemia T cells) and HeLa (cervical carcinoma) was performed, obtaining as main ligand of Nucleolin the 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (12) from Psiadia punctulata ((Vatke) Asteraceae). Full length Nucleolin/12 interaction was validated in HeLa (cervical carcinoma) cells by CETSA and Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS). Nucleolin RNA Binding Domains 1-2/12 interaction was investigated by Saturation Transfer Difference NMR (STD-NMR), WaterLOGSY and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR): no interaction was observed with these two domains of the protein. The mechanism of action of the selected diterpene was studied by Flow Cytometry (sub G0/G1 cell cycle arrest), WB analysis (reduction of intracellular AKT1 and Bcl2 levels and pNCL levels on the cell membrane), RTq-PCR (reduction of AKT1 and Bcl2 mRNAs), MTT (IC50: 20 ± 1 μM), Protein Synthesis and Wound Healing assays in HeLa cells (reduction of 20% of migration). Therefore, the 6,19-dihydroxy-ent-trachiloban-17-oic acid (12) may be considered as a new promising modulator of Nucleolin. The second target protein was the molecular chaperon Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70). A diterpene library was screened by SPR assay, in order to select putative Hsp70 ligands. SPR results showed that the ent-7β-acetoxy,18-hydroxy-15α,16α-epoxikaurane (epoxysiderol or compound 27) from Sideritis spp (Lamiaceae) interacts with Hsp70 (KD: 54 ± 1.2 nM). Epoxysiderol ability to modulate Hsp70 activity was assessed through MS (no covalent binding), DARTS and WB experiments. Moreover, epoxysiderol was tested on HeLa cells by MTT (IC50: 20 ± 0.9 μM), Flow Cytometry (G2/M and subG0/G1 cell cycle arrest), WB for its effect on the intracellular levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, and Hsp70 client proteins (reduction of pAKT1, p-p38 and p-JNK1) in HeLa cells, and by WB also for Hsp70 cytosolic and cell membrane levels (reduction of Hsp70 levels). Finally, ATPase assay (50% of reduction in dose-dependent manner) and molecular docking studies (interaction with the Hsp70 Nucleolide Binding Domain) were carried out. Therefore, in this study epoxysiderol was identified as a new Hsp70 inhibitor through cell-free and cell-based assays. Another target object of study in this PhD project was the Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90). Fusicoccane diterpenes from Hypoestes forsskaolii ((Vahl) Acanthaceae), abietane diterpenes form Zhumeria majdae ((Rech.f. & Wendelbo) Lamiaceae) and from different Salvia spp (Lamiaceae) were screened against Hsp90 by SPR and by MTT in HeLa, Jurkat and MCF7 cells, selecting the 18-hydroxyhypoestenone (6) and lanugon Q (20) as Hsp90 ligands. Subsequently, MTT assay was performed to investigate their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity: 18-hydroxyhypoestenone was the most cytotoxic in HeLa cells (IC50: 18 ±1 μM), whereas lanugon Q showed higher activity towards MCF7 (IC50: 20 ± 2 μM). In addition, Flow Cytometry and WB analyses were carried out: G2/M cell cycle arrest and reduction of p-Cdc2, pAKT1 and pERK1 levels were observed in HeLa cells after treatment with 6 (10 μM and 20 μM for 48h); Decrease of pERK, pAKT, cyclin A was observed in MCF7 after 48h of treatment with 20 (18 μM). Selected diterpenes were also tested against Hsp90 by ATPase activity assay: dose-dependent reduction (40%) of hydrolysis was observed with compound 6 (1,5, 10 μM), while no inhibition was induced by 20. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were implemented with compound 6, and the computational analysis of the Hsp90/6 interaction suggested a C-terminal domain. In conclusion, in this study 18-hydroxyhypoestenone and lanugon Q were identified as new Hsp90 interactors, able to modulate its activity and its client proteins levels. [edited by Author]XVII n.s. (XXXI ciclo

Experimental Results on Dual-UEGO Active Catalyst Control

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Regina Galindo: el arte del performance como acción política

Partiendo de la premisa de que una de las tareas que las ciencias sociales tienen en buena parte pendiente es contribuir al trabajo crítico de recepción interdisciplinaria de las propuestas que hacen los artistas contemporáneos, esta actividad de investigación tiene como objetivo puntual profundizar la investigación sociológica sobre el potencial sociopolítico del Arte Contemporáneo Centroamericano, mediante el análisis de caso de un fragmento de la obra de la performer guatemalteca, reconocida internacionalmente, Regina José Galindo.Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Sociologí

Fútbol, mass media y nación en la era global

El fútbol de América Latina se ha convertido en un poderoso instrumento funcional para estimular la integración simbólica de las comunidades imaginadas nacionales. Hombres y mujeres, con independencia de si les gusta o no el fútbol, son llamados a participar de manera activa y apasionada en los espectáculos deportivos de la selección como un emotivo deber cívico, de lealtad a la nación, estimulados por los medios de comunicación. Este ensayo presenta algunas hipótesis sobre el papel de los medios de comunicación en la vinculación entre nacionalismo y fútbol de selecciones, así como sobre el futuro de esa articulación, en un contexto de transformación de la industria mediática y la comercialización del espectáculo deportivo.The Latin American football has become a powerful way to stimulate the symbolic integration of the imagined national communities. Men and women, whether they like football or not, have been called to participate actively and with passion in sports shows of the national team, as a civic duty of loyalty to the nation, encouraged by the Medias. This essay proposes some hypothesis for the existence of a link between the Medias role, nationalism and national team football, and its future management to stay in tune with football market and the ongoing changes in that business