325 research outputs found
Investigation of the pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory interactions of cobalt, palladium, platinum and vanadium with human neutrophils in vitro
Please read the abstract in the section 00front of this documentThesis (PhD (Medical Immunology))--University of Pretoria, 2008.Immunologyunrestricte
The importance of soft tissue condition in bone regenerative procedures to ensure long-term peri-implant health.
Bone regenerative procedures have been widely proved to be a reliable treatment option to re-create the ideal pre-implant clinical conditions. Nevertheless, these techniques are not free from post-operative complications which might result in implant failure. Consequently, as demonstrated by the increasing recently published evidence, a careful pre- and intra-operative flap evaluation to ensure an ideal and hermetic tension-free wound closure is of paramount importance to successfully treat bony defects. In this respect, several surgical interventions mainly aimed to increase the amount of keratinized mucosa either to allow an optimal healing after a reconstructive procedure or to establish an optimal peri-implant soft tissue seal have been proposed. The present review summarizes the level of evidence on the surgical clinical aspects which have an impact on the soft tissue handling associated with bone reconstructive procedures and on the importance of soft tissue conditions to enhance and maintain peri-implant health in the long-term
HLA-DRB1 shared epitope genotyping using the revised classification and its association with circulating autoantibodies, acute phase reactants, cytokines and clinical indices of disease activity in a cohort of South African rheumatoid arthritis patients
INTRODUCTION: The revised shared epitope (SE) concept in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is based on the presence (S) or
absence (X) of the SE RAA amino acid motif at positions 72 to 74 of the third hypervariable region of the various
human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1 alleles. The purpose of this study was to investigate SE subtypes on the basis
of the American College of Rheumatology 1987 revised criteria for the classification of RA in a cohort of South
African RA patients (n = 143) and their association with clinical and circulating biomarkers of disease activity
(autoantibodies, acute phase reactants and cytokines).
METHODS: Genomic DNA was analysed using high-resolution recombinant sequence-specific oligonucleotide PCR
typing of the HLA-DRB1 allele. Subtypes of the SE were classified according to the amino acids at positions 72 to
74 for the RAA sequence, and further sub-divided according to the amino acids at positions 70 and 71, which
either contribute to (S2, S3P), or negate (S1, S3D) RA susceptibility. Disease activity was assessed on the basis of (1)
Disease Activity Score in 28 joints using C-reactive protein (CRP), (2) rheumatoid factor (RF), (3) CRP and (4) serum
amyloid A by nephelometry, anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (aCCP) by an immunofluorometric
procedure, and cytokines by multiplex bead array technology.
RESULTS: Of the 143 RA patients, 81 (57%) were homozygous (SS) and 50 (35%) were heterozygous (SX) for the SE
alleles with significant overexpression of S2 and S3P (respective odds ratios (ORs) 5.3 and 5.8; P < 0.0001), and 12
(8%) were classified as no SE allele (XX). Both the SS and SX groups showed a strong association with aCCP
positivity (OR = 10.2 and P = 0.0010, OR = 9.2 and P = 0.0028, respectively) relative to the XX group. Clinical scores
and concentrations of the other biomarkers of disease activity (RF, CRP and T helper cell type 1 (Th1), Th2,
macrophage and fibroblast cytokines) were also generally higher in the SS group than in the SX and XX groups.
CONCLUSIONS: RA susceptibility alleles investigated according to revised criteria for the classification of RA were
significantly increased in South African RA patients and strongly associated with aCCP in particular as well as with
circulating cytokines and disease severity.The Connective Tissue Diseases Research Fund, University of the
Witwatersrandhttp://arthritis-research.com/content/13/5/R16
Classification of facial periâ implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiencies at single implant sites in the esthetic zone
BackgroundThe incidence of a periâ implant soft tissue dehiscence/deficiency (PSTD) is not a rare finding. Despite multiple previous attempts aimed at correcting the PSTDs, a classification of these conditions has not yet been proposed. This lack in the literature may also lead to discrepancies in the reported treatment outcomes and thus misinform the clinician or the readers. The aim of the present article was therefore to present a classification of periâ implant PSTD at a single implant site.MethodsFour classes of PSTDs were discussed based on the position of the gingival margin of the implantâ supported crown in relation to the homologous natural tooth. In addition, the buccoâ lingual position of the implant head was also taken into consideration. Each class was further subdivided based on the height of the anatomical papillae.ResultsSubsequently, for each respective category a surgical approach (including bilaminar techniques, the combined prostheticâ surgical approach or soft tissue augmentation with a submerged healing) was also suggested.ConclusionThis paper provides a new classification system for describing PSTDs at single implant sites, with the appropriate recommended treatment protocol.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151905/1/jper10351_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/151905/2/jper10351.pd
Circulating Cytokine Profiles and Their Relationships with Autoantibodies, Acute Phase Reactants, and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
Our objective was to analyse the relationship between circulating cytokines, autoantibodies, acute phase reactants, and disease activity in DMARDs-naïve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients (n = 140). All cytokines were significantly higher in the RA cohort than in healthy controls. Moderate-to-strong positive intercorrelations were observed between Th1/Th2/macrophage/fibroblast-derived cytokines. RF correlated significantly with IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and TNF (P < .0001), and aCCP and aMCV with IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10 (P < .0002), while IL-6 correlated best with the acute phase reactants, CRP, and SAA (P < .0001). In patients with a DAS28 score of ≥5.1, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, TNF, GM-CSF, and VEGF were significantly correlated (P < .04–.001) with high disease activity (HDA). Circulating cytokines in RA reflect a multifaceted increase in immune reactivity encompassing Th1 and Th2 cells, monocytes/macrophages, and synovial fibroblasts, underscored by strong correlations between these cytokines, as well as their relationships with RF, aCCP, and aMCV, with some cytokines showing promise as biomarkers of HDA
Extracellular calcium reduction strongly increases the lytic capacity of pneumolysin from streptococcus pneumoniae in brain tissue
Background. Streptococcus pneumoniae causes serious diseases such as pneumonia and meningitis. Its major pathogenic factor is the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin, which produces lytic pores at high concentrations. At low concentrations, it has other effects, including induction of apoptosis. Many cellular effects of pneumolysin appear to be calcium dependent. Methods. Live imaging of primary mouse astroglia exposed to sublytic amounts of pneumolysin at various concentrations of extracellular calcium was used to measure changes in cellular permeability (as judged by lactate dehydrogenase release and propidium iodide chromatin staining). Individual pore properties were analyzed by conductance across artificial lipid bilayer. Tissue toxicity was studied in continuously oxygenated acute brain slices. Results. The reduction of extracellular calcium increased the lytic capacity of the toxin due to increased membrane binding. Reduction of calcium did not influence the conductance properties of individual toxin pores. In acute cortical brain slices, the reduction of extracellular calcium from 2 to 1 mM conferred lytic activity to pathophysiologically relevant nonlytic concentrations of pneumolysin. Conclusions. Reduction of extracellular calcium strongly enhanced the lytic capacity of pneumolysin due to increased membrane binding. Thus, extracellular calcium concentration should be considered as a factor of primary importance for the course of pneumococcal meningitis
Labial and lingual/palatal bone thickness of maxillary and mandibular anteriors in human cadavers in Koreans
This study was performed to compare the closing patterns of the maxillary first premolar extraction space between the labial technique and the lingual technique using the 3-dimensional finite element analysis model.The pattern of tooth movement was illustrated by 3-D Finite element analysis(FEA)Maxillary artificial teeth were selected according to the Wheeler's dental anatomy. The size and shape of each tooth, bracket and archwire were made from the captured realimages by a 3-dimensional laser scanner,and the finite element analysis was performed with 10-nodedtetrahedron. gable bends were placed behind bull loop on .017"x .025" archwire. and then the extraction space was closed through repeated reactivating process with each 2mm activation.The results of this experiment showed that:1. In the sagittal plane, the anterior teeth showed a controlledtipping(8.9?? ,10?? ) with distal movement(5.7mm,6.0mm) in the labial technique case. the anterior teeth showed acontrolled tipping(9.2?? ,9.6?? ) with distal movement(6.0mm,6.2mm) in the lingual technique case.2. In the sagittal plane, the posterior teeth showed a mesialmovement(1.3mm,1.4mm) in the labial technique case. the posterior teeth showed a mesial movement(6.0mm, 6.2mm) in the lingual technique case.3. In the occlusal plane, the anterior teeth showed mesial-out rotation(0.3?? ) and the canine showed mesial-out(0.3?? ) in the labial technique cases. However, the central incisor showed mesial-out rotation(1.2?? ), lateral incisor showed mesial-in rotation(0.1?? ) and the canine showed mesial-inrotation(1.2?? ) in the lingual technique cases.4. In the occlusal plane, the posterior teeth showed mesial-in rotation(6.7?? ,5.4?? ,11.4?? )in the labial technique cases. However, the 2nd premolar showed mesial-in rotation(0.1?? )and the molarteeth showed mesial-outrotation(1.8?? ,5.2?? )in the lingual technique cases.This study results could be helpful in investigating the toothmovement pattern under specifically a given situation.In the future, more synthetic and general study of tooth movement patterns for several external factor changes will be required
The Severity of Human Peri-Implantitis Lesions Correlates with the Level of Submucosal Microbial Dysbiosis
AIM
To cross-sectionally analyse the submucosal microbiome of peri-implantitis (PI) lesions at different severity levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microbial signatures of 45 submucosal plaque samples from untreated PI lesions obtained from 30 non-smoking, systemically healthy subjects were assessed by 16s sequencing. Linear mixed models were used to identify taxa with differential abundance by probing depth, after correction for age, gender, and multiple samples per subject. Network analyses were performed to identify groups of taxa with mutual occurrence or exclusion. Subsequently, the effects of peri-implant probing depth on submucosal microbial dysbiosis were calculated using the microbial dysbiosis index.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 337 different taxa in the submucosal microbiome of PI. Total abundance of 12 taxa correlated significantly with increasing probing depth; a significant relationship with lower probing depth was found for 16 taxa. Network analysis identified two mutually exclusive complexes associated with shallow pockets and deeper pockets, respectively. Deeper peri-implant pockets were associated with significantly increased dysbiosis.
CONCLUSION
Increases in peri-implant pocket depth are associated with substantial changes in the submucosal microbiome and increasing levels of dysbiosis
Soft tissue management at implants: Summary and consensus statements of group 2. The 6th EAO Consensus Conference 2021
OBJECTIVES
The task of working Group 2 at the 6th Consensus Meeting of the European Association for Osseointegration was to comprehensively assess the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites on clinical, radiographic and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including an overview on available outcome measures and methods of assessment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three systematic reviews and one critical review were performed in advance on (i) the effects of soft tissue augmentation procedures on clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes, (ii) reliability and validity of outcome measures and methods of assessment and (iii) PROMs applied in clinical studies for soft tissue augmentation procedures at dental implant sites. Major findings, consensus statements, clinical recommendations and implications for future research were discussed in the group and approved during the plenary sessions.
RESULTS
The four reviews predominantly revealed: Soft tissue augmentation procedures in conjunction with immediate and delayed implant placement result in superior aesthetic outcomes compared to no soft tissue augmentation in the zone of aesthetic priority. Soft tissue augmentation procedures have a limited effect on marginal bone level changes compared to implant sites without soft tissue augmentation. Clinically relevant parameters (gingival index, mucosal recession) and plaque control improve at implant sites when the width of keratinised mucosa is increased. A variety of aesthetic indices have been described with good reliability. Pink Esthetic Score and Complex Esthetic Index are the most validated aesthetic indices for single implants, though. Superimposed digital surface scans are most accurate to assess profilometric tissue changes. PROMs following soft tissue augmentation procedures have been assessed using various forms of questionnaires. Soft tissue augmentation had a limited effect on PROMs.
CONCLUSIONS
Soft tissue augmentation procedures are widely applied in conjunction with implant therapy. Depending on the indication of these interventions, clinical, radiographic and aesthetic outcomes may improve, whereas the effect on PROMs is limited
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