Fios que entrelaçam trajetórias de vidas: : narrativas de docentes da EJA do Ceará

This article is an excerpt from the Master's dissertation in Education carried out at the Federal University of Rio Grande - FURG and aims to understand the life trajectories of educators who work in the Youth and Adult Education Centers - CEJAs in Ceará, the reasons for entering teaching and the factors that contributed to the construction of the educator subject. The study sought to give visibility to the narratives of teaching trajectories, using narrative interviews. Theoretical foundations were laid by Nóvoa (1992), Huberman (2000) and Tardif and Raymond (2000), who affirmed that various stages in the life of the "person teacher" have a strong influence on teaching practice. As a result, we identified narratives that carry unique stories, but which, at the same time, are permeated, like the interwoven threads of a ball of yarn, by a variety of contexts, memories and identities. These narratives, when entangled, resulted in compositions that express representations, meanings and knowledge.Este artículo es un extracto de la disertación de Maestría en Educación realizada en la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande - FURG y tiene como objetivo comprender las trayectorias de vida de los educadores que trabajan en los Centros de Educación de Jóvenes y Adultos - CEJAs en Ceará, las razones para entrar en la enseñanza y los factores que contribuyeron a la construcción del sujeto educador. El estudio buscó dar visibilidad a las narrativas de las trayectorias docentes, utilizando entrevistas narrativas. Las bases teóricas fueron establecidas por Nóvoa (1992), Huberman (2000) y Tardif y Raymond (2000), quienes afirmaron que las diversas etapas de la vida de la "persona docente" tienen una fuerte influencia en la práctica de la enseñanza. Como resultado, identificamos narrativas que portan historias únicas, pero que al mismo tiempo están impregnadas, como los hilos entretejidos de un ovillo, por una variedad de contextos, recuerdos e identidades. Estas narrativas, al enredarse, dieron lugar a composiciones que expresan representaciones, significados y conocimientos.Este artigo é um recorte da dissertação de Mestrado em Educação realizado na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – FURG e tem como objetivo compreender as trajetórias de vida de educadoras/es que atuam nos Centros de Educação de Jovens e Adultos – CEJAs do Ceará, as razões para o ingresso na docência e os fatores que contribuíram para a construção do sujeito educador. O estudo procurou dar visibilidade às narrativas de trajetórias docentes, fazendo o uso de entrevistas narrativas. Como fundamento teórico temos os estudos Nóvoa (1992), Huberman (2000) e Tardif e Raymond (2000) ao afirmar que diversas fases da vida da "pessoa professor" exercem uma forte ação influenciadora na prática docente. Como resultados, identificamos narrativas que carregam histórias únicas, mas que, simultaneamente, são permeadas como fios entrelaçados de um novelo, por uma variedade de contextos, memórias e identidades. Essas narrativas, quando emaranhadas, resultaram em composições que expressam representações, significados e conhecimentos

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Objective: To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods: This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results: Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions: Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

As pesquisas denominadas "estado da arte" Research called "state of the art"

Nos últimos quinze anos, no Brasil e em outros países, tem se produzido um conjunto significativo de pesquisas conhecidas pela denominação "estado da arte" ou "estado do conhecimento". Definidas como de caráter bibliográfico, elas parecem trazer em comum o desafio de mapear e de discutir uma certa produção acadêmica em diferentes campos do conhecimento, tentando responder que aspectos e dimensões vêm sendo destacados e privilegiados em diferentes épocas e lugares, de que formas e em que condições têm sido produzidas certas dissertações de mestrado, teses de doutorado, publicações em periódicos e comunicações em anais de congressos e de seminários. Neste artigo levanto e tento responder as seguintes questões: seria possível fazer um esforço de interrogar a história a produção acadêmica sobre determinada área do conhecimento, optando por ler apenas dados bibliográficos e resumos dos trabalhos? O que significa ler esse lugar (catálogos), instituição de divulgação dos trabalhos, tomando-o como fonte documental para um mapeamento da produção acadêmica, em pesquisas denominadas "estado da arte"?<br>These last fifteen years, Brazil and other countries have seen the production of a significant set of research, known as "state of the art" or "state of knowledge". Defined as having a bibliographic feature, they seem to share the challenge of mapping and discussing a certain academic production in different fields of knowledge. They try to show which aspects and dimensions have been highlighted and privileged at different times and places. They also pinpoint how and in what conditions certain kinds of master's degree thesis and doctor's degree dissertations, publications in periodicals and communications in annals of congress and seminary were produced. In this article, I pose and try to answer the following questions: Is it worth making the effort of interrogating the history of the academic production about a given area of knowledge, choosing to read only bibliographic data and abstracts of works? What does it man to read this institution of work dissemination (catalogues), taking it as a documental source to map the academic production in research called "state of art"

Uma análise crítica da literatura sobre a oferta e a circulação de moeda metálica no Brasil nos séculos XVI e XVII

Este artigo examina os principais fatores determinantes da oferta e da circulação de moeda metálica no Brasil nos séculos XVI e XVII. O objetivo é contribuir para o debate, até hoje pouco explorado, sobre a escassez de moeda no Brasil colonial. O trabalho é dividido em seis seções, além da introdução e considerações finais. A primeira apresenta as principais características do sistema bimetálico então vigente em Portugal e de sua política de desvalorização da unidade de conta. A análise da oferta de moeda no Brasil é desenvolvida nas quatro seções seguintes, destacando o início do processo de monetização, os fluxos de entrada e saída de metais, os impactos da política de cunhagem metropolitana e os episódios de remarcação e cunhagem de moeda no Brasil. Os determinantes do entesouramento são discutidos a seguir. Uma última seção resume os argumentos apresentados ao longo do trabalho.This paper examines the main factors that determined the supply and circulation of metallic coins in Brazil in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The objective is to contribute to the debate, often neglected, on the scarcity of money in colonial Brazil. The paper is divided into six parts, on top of the introduction and the concluding remarks. The first presents the main features of the then prevalent Portuguese monetary system, as well as its policy of debasement. The next four parts deal with the supply of metallic currency in Brazil analysing respectively the early stages of the process of monetization, the inflows and outflows of precious metals, the impacts of the policy of coinage adopted by the Portuguese Crown, and some episodes of marking and minting of coins in Brazil. This is followed by an analysis of hoarding. It concludes with a summary of the main arguments developed along the paper

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure <= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.13Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN