Escolaridade obrigatória: a reutilização dos manuais escolares

Relatório Profissional para obtenção de grau de Mestre em MPA - Administração Pública - Especialização em Administração EscolarO sistema de reutilização de manuais escolares devia ser percecionado como fazendo parte integrante do sistema educativo português, com legislação própria e estrutura organizacional bem consolidada. Se assim fosse, o país, através do seu sistema educativo, lucraria em todos os campos: no campo pedagógico, porque os alunos teriam uma consciência dos valores de partilha, solidariedade e de cidadania; no campo económico, porque os encarregados de educação veriam o seu pecúlio mais valorizado, uma vez que os gastos a ter com os seus educandos seriam substancialmente mais reduzidos; no campo social, porque as diferenças sociais/económicas seriam, por certo, bem mais esbatidas, dentro da escola que o aluno frequenta, e esta seria uma atitude a transferir para fora dos muros da escola; no campo político, porque o país demonstraria, pelos seus políticos, a obrigatoriedade que tem em ter de proteger, cuidar e zelar pelos interesses dos seus cidadãos e eleitores. O sistema de reutilização de manuais escolares pode ser um bom indicador e revelador do estado de uma nação em todas as suas vertentes. Para isso, bastaria envolver um qualquer paradigma de reutilização de manuais nas áreas das Ciências Sociais e Ciências da Educação e verificar as suas implicações no mundo da Sociologia e Psicologia.The procedure of the reuse of school books should be approached as being part of the Portuguese Educational System, with its own legislation and a well-structured organization. This way, the country, through its Educational System, would benefit in all fields: in the pedagogical field, as every student would be aware of the importance of sharing, solidarity and citizenship; in the financial field, since parents would see their savings more valued as their children’s expenses would decrease significantly; in the social field, as the social/economic differences would become more unclear inside the school the student is attending and this would be an attitude to be transferred outside the school walls; in the political field, because through its politicians the country would demonstrate its obligation to protect and care about the citizens and voters’ interests. The procedure of the reuse of school books can be a good way to check the state of the nation in all its aspects. In order to achieve that aim it would be important to evolve any paradigm of the reuse of school materials in the fields of the Social Sciences as well as in the Educational Sciences and check its implications in areas such as Sociology and Psychology

Adaptacion transcultural y validacion del World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire para enfermeros brasilenos.

Estudo com objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ ) e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira para enfermeiros. O processo de adaptação seguiu o Protocolo de Tradução da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados para a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas foram coletados em um hospital público e de ensino de Ribeirão Preto em 2011. As propriedades psicométricas analisadas foram: validade de face e conteúdo (grupo de especialistas), confiabilidade pelo Alfa de Cronbach e estabilidade por teste-reteste. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, a consistência interna da versão adaptada do HPQ, o alfa de cronbach foi de 0,94 para a seção A e 0,86 para a seção B do instrumento. Na análise das concordâncias da estabilidade teste-reteste, as concordâncias foram positivas e estatisticamente significativas. Dessa forma, a versão adaptada do HPQ mostrou-se válida e confiável na amostra estudada.Study aiming to cross-culturally adapt the instrument Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version for nurses. The adaptation process followed the Process of Translation of World Health Organization. Data for the evaluation of the psychometric properties were collected in a teaching public hospital of Ribeirão Preto in 2011. The evaluated psychometric properties were: face validity and content (group of experts), reliability by Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest stability. In the evaluation of psychometric properties, the internal consistency of the HPQ adapted version, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 for the section A and 0.86 for section B of the instrument. In analyzing the agreement of test-retest stability, the agreements were positive and statistically significant. Thus, the HPQ adapted version proved valid and reliable in the sample studied.Los objetivos de este estudio, de delineamiento metodológico, fueron traducir, adaptar culturalmente para Brasil el instrumento Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña en enfermeros. El proceso de adaptación siguió el Protocolo de Traducción de la Organización Mundial de la Salud Los datos para la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas fueron colectados en un hospital público y de educación del interior del Estado de Sao Paulo, en 2011. Las propiedades psicométricas analizadas fueron: la validez de forma y contenido (grupo de especialistas), la confiabilidad por el Alfa de Cronbach y la estabilidad por test y retest. En la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas la consistencia interna de la versión adaptada del HPQ, alfa de cronbach fue de 0,94 para la sección A y 0,86 para la sección B del instrumento. En el análisis de las concordancias de la estabilidad test-retest las concordancias fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas

Adaptação transcultural e validação do World Health Organization Health and Work Performance Questionnaire para enfermeiros brasileiros

Study aiming to cross-culturally adapt the instrument Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian version for nurses. The adaptation process followed the Process of Translation of World Health Organization. Data for the evaluation of the psychometric properties were collected in a teaching public hospital of Ribeirão Preto in 2011. The evaluated psychometric properties were: face validity and content (group of experts), reliability by Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest stability. In the evaluation of psychometric properties, the internal consistency of the HPQ adapted version, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.94 for the section A and 0.86 for section B of the instrument. In analyzing the agreement of test-retest stability, the agreements were positive and statistically significant. Thus, the HPQ adapted version proved valid and reliable in the sample studied.Los objetivos de este estudio, de delineamiento metodológico, fueron traducir, adaptar culturalmente para Brasil el instrumento Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) y evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la versión brasileña en enfermeros. El proceso de adaptación siguió el Protocolo de Traducción de la Organización Mundial de la Salud Los datos para la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas fueron colectados en un hospital público y de educación del interior del Estado de Sao Paulo, en 2011. Las propiedades psicométricas analizadas fueron: la validez de forma y contenido (grupo de especialistas), la confiabilidad por el Alfa de Cronbach y la estabilidad por test y retest. En la evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas la consistencia interna de la versión adaptada del HPQ, alfa de cronbach fue de 0,94 para la sección A y 0,86 para la sección B del instrumento. En el análisis de las concordancias de la estabilidad test-retest las concordancias fueron positivas y estadísticamente significativas.Estudo com objetivo de adaptar transculturalmente o instrumento Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ ) e avaliar as propriedades psicométricas da versão brasileira para enfermeiros. O processo de adaptação seguiu o Protocolo de Tradução da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os dados para a avaliação das propriedades psicométricas foram coletados em um hospital público e de ensino de Ribeirão Preto em 2011. As propriedades psicométricas analisadas foram: validade de face e conteúdo (grupo de especialistas), confiabilidade pelo Alfa de Cronbach e estabilidade por teste-reteste. Na avaliação das propriedades psicométricas, a consistência interna da versão adaptada do HPQ, o alfa de cronbach foi de 0,94 para a seção A e 0,86 para a seção B do instrumento. Na análise das concordâncias da estabilidade teste-reteste, as concordâncias foram positivas e estatisticamente significativas. Dessa forma, a versão adaptada do HPQ mostrou-se válida e confiável na amostra estudada

Diálogos com adolescentes sobre direitos sexuais na escola pública: intervenções educativas emancipatórias!

Este estudo busca compreender significados e saberes de adolescentes sobre direitos sexuais para subsidiar intervenções educativas emancipatórias nas escolas. Desenvolveu-se pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 29 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos, alunos do ensino médio de escola pública e utilizou-se análise de conteúdo para interpretação das informações em profundidade. A pesquisa revelou que há falhas e omissões entre o que se estabelece nas leis e sua efetivação no cotidiano dos adolescentes, com violações aos seus direitos sexuais, tais como poucas informações qualificadas sobre sexualidade, a falta da educação em sexualidade nas escolas para todos os alunos, além de serviços de saúde específicos que atendam às suas necessidades, o que afeta a saúde sexual. Intervenções educativas emancipatórias que considerem conhecimentos científicos e os saberes de adolescentes e o pleno exercício da cidadania sexual podem reduzir vulnerabilidades relacionadas à saúde sexual e gerar transformações na realidade

Diálogos com adolescentes sobre direitos sexuais na escola pública: intervenções educativas emancipatórias!

Este estudo busca compreender significados e saberes de adolescentes sobre direitos sexuais para subsidiar intervenções educativas emancipatórias nas escolas. Desenvolveu-se pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com 29 adolescentes de 15 a 18 anos, alunos do ensino médio de escola pública e utilizou-se análise de conteúdo para interpretação das informações em profundidade. A pesquisa revelou que há falhas e omissões entre o que se estabelece nas leis e sua efetivação no cotidiano dos adolescentes, com violações aos seus direitos sexuais, tais como poucas informações qualificadas sobre sexualidade, a falta da educação em sexualidade nas escolas para todos os alunos, além de serviços de saúde específicos que atendam às suas necessidades, o que afeta a saúde sexual. Intervenções educativas emancipatórias que considerem conhecimentos científicos e os saberes de adolescentes e o pleno exercício da cidadania sexual podem reduzir vulnerabilidades relacionadas à saúde sexual e gerar transformações na realidade

Instituições de Educação Superior Municipais (IMES): mapeamento, vinculação de recursos e disponibilidade orçamentária

The present work aims to carry out the mapping of municipal higher education institutions (IMES) in Brazil regarding the classification and resource allocation. This is exploratory research, using descriptive, documentary and bibliographic analysis. Quantitative data were obtained from the Higher Education Census, and IMES were also selected from the e-MEC Platform. The content of municipal organic laws was systematized regarding the linking of taxes to the MDE and, if there was a funding forecast for higher education. It was found that 66% of the IMES adhered to the FIES, therefore, they are institutions that charge monthly fees and seem to have similar characteristics to the private HEIs. It is concluded that most municipalities do not have information on public and private funding in their budget laws. In 6 municipalities that present detailed data, these are financed, on average, with 60% of state contribution from local governments and 40% from educational services.El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar el mapeo de las instituciones de educación superior municipales en Brasil en cuanto a la clasificación y vinculación de los recursos de las Instituciones de Educación Superior Municipales (IMES) en Brasil. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva, documental y bibliográfica. Los datos cuantitativos se obtuvieron del Censo de Educación Superior y se seleccionaron las IMES registradas en la plataforma e-MEC. Se hizo la sistematización de las leyes orgánicas municipales en cuanto a la vinculación de los impuestos a la Manutención y Desarrollo de la Enseñanza (MDE) y si había una previsión de financiamiento para la educación superior. Se encontró que el 66% de las IMES adhirieron al FIES, por lo tanto, son instituciones que cobran cuotas y con características similares a las privadas. Se concluye que la mayoría de los municipios no cuentan con información sobre financiamiento público y privado en sus leyes de presupuesto. En los seis municipios que presentan datos detallados, estos se financian, en promedio, con un 60% de aporte estatal de los gobiernos locales y un 40% de los servicios educativos.O presente trabalho tem por objetivo realizar o mapeamento, quanto à classificação e à vinculação de recursos, das Instituições de Educação Superior Municipais (IMES) no Brasil. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, descritiva, documental e bibliográfica. Os dados quantitativos foram obtidos do Censo da Educação Superior e foram selecionadas as IMES cadastradas na plataforma e-MEC. Fez-se a sistematização das leis orgânicas quanto à vinculação de impostos à Manutenção e Desenvolvimento do Ensino (MDE), e se havia previsão de financiamento à educação superior. Apurou-se que 66% das IMES aderiram ao FIES, portanto, são instituições que cobram mensalidades e com características semelhantes às IES privadas. Conclui-se que a maioria dos municípios não dispõe de informações sobre o financiamento público e privado em suas leis orçamentárias. Nos seis municípios que apresentam dados discriminados, estes são financiados, em média, com 60% de aporte estatal dos governos locais e 40% proveniente de serviços educacionais

Portuguese multidisciplinary recommendations for non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

BACKGROUND: Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) report significant levels of disease impact, which are improved, but not fully abrogated by immunosuppressive therapy, even when remission is achieved. This imposes the need for adjuvant interventions targeting the uncontrolled domains of disease impact. Non-pharmacological interventions are widely used for this purpose, but they have not been the object of professional recommendations or guidelines. OBJECTIVE: To propose multidisciplinary recommendations to inform clinical care providers regarding the employment of non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in the management of patients with RA. METHODS: The EULAR standardized operating procedures for the development of recommendations were followed. First, a systematic literature review was performed. Then, a multidisciplinary Technical Expert Panel (TEP) met to develop and discuss the recommendations and research agenda. For each developed recommendation i) the level of evidence and grade of recommendation were determined, and ii) the level of agreement among TEP members was set. A recommendation was adopted if approved by ≥75% of the TEP members, and the level of agreement was considered high when ≥8. All relevant national societies were included in this construction process to attain their endorsement. RESULTS: Based on evidence and expert opinion, the TEP developed and agreed on five overarching principles and 12 recommendations for non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions in patients with RA. The mean level of agreement between the TEP members ranged between 8.5 and 9.9. The recommendations include a broad spectrum of intervention areas, such as exercise, hydrokinesiotherapy, psychological interventions, orthoses, education, general management of comorbidities, among others; and they set the requirements for their application. CONCLUSIONS: These recommendations are based on the consensus judgment of clinical experts from a wide range of disciplines and patients' representatives from Portugal. Given the evidence for effectiveness, feasibility and safety, non-pharmacological and non-surgical interventions should be an integral part of standard care for people with RA. It is hoped that these recommendations should be widely implemented in clinical practice. The target audience for these recommendations includes all health professionals involved in the care of patients with RA. The target patient population includes adult Portuguese people with RA.publishersversionpublishe

Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a signifi cant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus’ biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections that deserve investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 would play a signifi cant role in cases of neurological disease where rabies was the presumptive clinical diagnosis. In addition, associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections were searched for. The approach adopted for conducting such investigations was based on the search for viral nucleic acids as well as classical virus isolation on tissues of cattle submitted to rabies diagnosis over a two-year Materials, Methods & Results: Brain tissue samples of 101 cattle originally submitted to rabies diagnosis were collected over a two year period (2009-2010) from various municipalities within the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty nine of these samples had the diagnosis of rabies confi rmed by standard laboratory diagnostic methods. Aliquots of tissues were submitted to DNA extraction and examined in search for genomes of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) by as well as for infectious virus. Bovine herpesvirus genomes were detected in 78/101 (77.2%) samples, in which BoHV-1 genomes were detected in 26/78 (25.7%), BoHV-5 genomes in 22/78 (21.8%) and mixed BoHV infections (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 genomes) were detected in 30/101 (29.7%) samples. In the 39 samples with confi rmed rabies diagnosis, BoHV-1 DNA was detected in 9/39 (23%), BoHV-5 DNA in 6/39 (15.4%) and mixed infections with both BoHV types in 16/39 (41%) samples. However, no infectious herpesvirus was recovered from any of the specimens examined. Discussion: The high prevalence of BoHV1 and BoHV-5 infections was evidenced in the sampled population, but the absence of infectious BoHVs indicate that these were not associated to the occurrence of the cases of encephalitis where rabies was the primary suspicion. In addition, no association was detected between occurrence of rabies and detection of BoHVs, since the frequency of detection of herpesvirus genomes did not signifi cantly differ between rabies-positive and rabies-negative samples. The detection of BoHV DNA in scattered areas of the brain with no infectious virus suggests that latency may take place in different regions of the brain

New di(hetero)arylethers and di(hetero)arylamines in the thieno[3,2-b]pyridine series: Synthesis, growth inhibitory activity on human tumor cell lines and non-tumor cells, effects on cell cycle and on programmed cell death

New fluorinated and methoxylated di(hetero)arylethers and di(hetero)arylamines were prepared functionalizing the 7-position of the thieno[3,2-blpyridine, using copper (C-O) or palladium (C N) catalyzed couplings, respectively, of the 7-bromothieno[3,2-blpyridine, also prepared, with ortho, meta and para fluoro or methoxy phenols and anilines. The compounds obtained were evaluated for their growth inhibitory activity on the human tumor cell lines MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung cancer), HCI15 (colon carcinoma), HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) and HeLa (cervical carcinoma). The most active compounds, a di(hetero)arylether with a methoxy group in the meta position relative to the ether function and two di(hetero)arylamines with a methoxy group either in the ortho or in the meta position relative to the NH, were further tested at their GI(50) concentrations on NCI-H460 cells causing pronounced alterations in the cell cycle profile and a strong and significant increase in the programmed death of these cells. The fluorinated and the other methoxylated compounds did not show important activity, presenting high GI(50) values in all the cell lines tested. Furthermore, the hepatotoxicity of the compounds was assessed using porcine liver primary cells (PLP2), established by some of us. Results showed that one of the most active compounds was not toxic to the non-tumor cells at their GI(50) concentrations showing to be the most promising as antitumoral.The authors would like to thank to the Foundation for the Science and Technology (PCT Portugal) for financial support through the NMR Portuguese network (Bruker 400 Avance III-Univ Minho); to FCT and FEDER-COMPETE/QREN/EU for financial support through the research unities PEst-C/QUI/UI686/2011 and PEst-OE/AGR/UI0690/2011, the research project PTDC/QUI-QUI/111060/2009 and the post-Doctoral grants attributed to R.C.C. (SFRH/BPD/68344/2010) and R.T.L. (SRH/BPD/68787/2010). IPATIMUP is an Associate Laboratory of the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education and is partially supported by FCT