Estudo Comparativo: arbitragem luso-brasileira de conflitos de propriedade intelectual

Arbitration has been a fundamental tool in the resolution of disputes involving intellectual property, due to the fact that it provides internal agreements with privacy, flexibility and cost reduction for the conflicting parties. In this sense, the present work aimed to analyze in a comparative way the use of arbitration in intellectual property conflicts involving brands, in two legal systems in the countries of Brazil and Portugal. The comparative research, carried out through the use of metrics from the legal tool called comparative law allied to SWOT matrix, served as the basis for the analysis and comparison of the legal systems of both countries. Thus, it is concluded that Brazil still faces many barriers, which it needs to transpose, in terms of arbitration applied to the marcary law. The main result obtained showed that Portugal is better prepared to deal with arbitration in the resolution of conflicts that have trademarks as their theme.A arbitragem tem sido uma ferramenta fundamental na resolução de controvérsias envolvendo a propriedade intelectual, devido ao fato de propiciar acordos internos com privacidade, flexibilidade e redução de custos para as partes conflitantes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho objetivou analisar de forma comparativa a utilização da arbitragem nos conflitos de propriedade intelectual envolvendo as marcas em dois sistemas jurídicos presentes nos países Brasil e Portugal. A pesquisa comparativa, realizada por meio da utilização das métricas provenientes da ferramenta jurídica denominada direito comparado aliado à matriz FOFA, serviu de base para a análise e a comparação dos sistemas jurídicos de ambos países. Desse modo, conclui-se que o Brasil ainda enfrenta muitas barreiras, que precisa transpor, em matéria de arbitragem aplicada ao direito marcário. O principal resultado obtido evidenciou que Portugal está mais bem preparado para tratar da arbitragem na resolução de conflitos que tenham como temática as marcas

PERFIL EPIDEMIOLOGICO DA ASMA E DA PNEUMONIA NO BRASIL

A prevalência de doenças respiratórias infecciosas tem aumentado em todo globo, sendo responsáveis por um terço das mortes e metade das hospitalizações e consultas médicas entre menores de cinco anos nos países em desenvolvimento. Compreendendo a importância de discutir essa grande questão, este trabalho visa demonstrar o quão relevante torna-se a rediscussão dessa problemática. A pneumonia é a infecção dos pulmões, ou seja, uma reação inflamatória do pulmão a fatores que o agridem, podendo surgir de três formas distintas: causadas por bactérias (pneumonia bacteriana), vírus (pneumonia viral) e reação a medicamentos, poeira e tabagismo (pneumonia química). Já a asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica das vias respiratórias e se desenvolve por muitos fatores, entre eles a genética e os fatores ambientais. Estudos vem demostrando que diversos fatores contribuem para o aumento relatado, dentre eles discutimos com enfoque o sexo, faixa etária, grau de escolaridade e distribuição na região federativa. Encontrando que, quanto ao sexo, a maior mortalidade foi em mulheres quando adulto e em homens quando criança. Em relação à faixa etária as maiores ocorrências são em pacientes com mais de 80 anos e menos de um ano, sendo a pneumonia a principal causa de mortes em crianças (segundo artigo publicado pela Unicef). Inferimos também, que o grau de escolaridade influencia positivamente a não ocorrência das doenças, visto que de acordo com a literatura, o maior nível de estudo é inversamente proporcional à incidência de asma e pneumonia na população. No tocante às regiões, as fontes pesquisadas mostraram maior ocorrência na região sudeste, fato que foi explicado pelo maior acesso aos serviços de saúde, além do fator climático da região que influencia para o aparecimento das doenças respiratórias posto que diminui a capacidade imunológica do indivíduo. O trabalho por meio de um estudo transversal traçou o perfil epidemiológico da morbidade e mortalidade da pneumonia e asma e da correlação entre essas patologias, tendo em vista que estudos realizados por pesquisadores  do UT Southwestern Medical Center, em Dallas, indicam que a pneumonia poderia levar a asma crônica pois em experimentos em ratos ,foi averiguado que  após a infecção, alguns mostraram vestígios de bactérias . Ademais ,visamos  reconhecer a simbiose entre prevenção e tratamento, posto que evitar o contágio dessas enfermidades é menos dispendioso para o Sistema Único de Saúde. Logo, concluímos que a asma e a pneumonia é um grande problema atual para a população e as equipes de saúde pois afeta grande parte da população. Além disso, diversos fatores são ressaltantes no contágio tais como sexo, idade, região federativa e grau de escolaridade. Esse estudo transversal ao se atentar as esses fatores visa alertar a população objetivando minimizar as incidências em território nacional, inferindo também acerca de prevenção e tratamento

Survival and prognostic factors in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma

This study aimed to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical factors influencing overall survival (OS) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Medical charts of 547 patients with OSCC from a public hospital in northeastern Brazil seen between 1999 and 2013 were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The influence of age, sex, ethnicity, clinical stage, anatomical location, type of treatment, and comorbidities on the patients? prognosis was evaluated. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to identify independent prognostic factors. The 5-year OS was 39%. Multivariate analysis showed that age < 40 years (HR = 2.20; 95%CI: 1.02-4.72) and a single treatment modality (HR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.37-2.67) were associated with a poor prognosis, while early clinical stage resulted in better outcomes (HR = 0.38; 95%CI: 0.25-0.58). OSCC patients in advanced clinical stages, diagnosed at a younger age, and submitted to a single therapeutic modality have a poorer prognosis

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Salivary changes, oral symptoms, and oral health-related quality of life in patients with neuromuscular diseases

Introdução: o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o fluxo salivar, sintomas bucais e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal em um grupo de pacientes com doenças neuromusculares. Materiais e Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 30 indivíduos com doenças neuromusculares atendidos no ambulatório de neuroreabilitação de um hospital universitário brasileiro entre outubro e dezembro de 2017. Foram realizados anamnese e determinação do Fluxo Salivar em Repouso e do pH salivar. Para avaliação da qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal foi empregado o questionário Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Aplicou-se análise descritiva dos dados e teste qui-quadrado, adotando-se o nível de significància de 5 % (p <0.05). Resultados: a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica foi a doença de base mais preva- lente (50 %). A média de Fluxo Salivar em Repouso foi de 0.44 ± 0.34 ml/min, sendo verificado hiperfluxo em 43.3 % dos pacientes e hipossalivação em 3.3 %. A média do pH salivar foi 6.47 ± 0.57. Os sintomas orais mais frequentes foram disfagia (56.7 %) e xerostomia (43.3 %). A média do Oral Health Impact Profile-14 foi de 5.54 ± 4.93 e 90 % dos pacientes apresentaram algum impacto das condições bucais na qualidade de vida. Os sintomas de disfagia, xerostomia, ardência bucal e sialorreia apresentaram associação estatisticamente significante (p <0.05) com a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. As dimensões do Oral Health Impact Profile-14 que apresentaram maiores percentuais foram a inabilidade psicológica (14.5 %) e a limitação funcional (13.5 %). Conclusão: a maioria dos pacientes apresentaram disfunção de glàndulas salivares e a presença de sintomas bucais influenciaram negativamente a percepção de qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com doenças neuromusculares.Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary flow, the presence of oral symptoms, and the oral health-related quality of life perceptions among individuals with neuromuscular diseases. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study, with 30 individuals with neuromuscular diseases treated at a neurorehabilitation clinic of a Brazilian university hospital from October to December 2017. Anamnesis, assessment of resting salivary flow, and measurement of salivary pH were performed. The instrument Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was used to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and chi-square test, using a 5% significance level (p <0.05). Results: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis was the most common disease in the group (50 %). The mean resting salivary flow was 0.44 ml/min, where it was found 43.3 % of high salivary flow and 3.3 % of hypo-salivation. The mean salivary pH found was 6.47 ± 0.57, where 56.6 % of the patients had neutral pH and 40% low pH. The most prevalent oral symptoms were dysphagia (56.7%) and xerostomia (43.3%). The mean Oral Health Impact Profile-14 was 5.54 ± 4.93, with 90% of patients presenting some impact of oral conditions on quality of life. A statistically significant association (p <0.05) between the quality of life and symptoms of dysphagia, xerostomia, oral burning, and sialorrhea was found. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 dimensions with the highest percentages were psychological inability (14.5%) and functional limitation (13.5 %). Conclusion: The majority of patients presented salivary gland dysfunction with high salivary flows. The presence of oral symptoms negatively influenced the individual's quality of life perceptions of individuals with neuromuscular diseases.Introducción: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el flujo salivar, los síntomas bucales y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal en un grupo de pacientes con enfermedades neuromusculares. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal realizado con 30 individuos con enfermedades neuromusculares atendidos de forma ambulatoria en neurorrehabilitación en un hospital universitario brasilero entre octubre y diciembre de 2017. Fueron realizados anamnesis y determinación del flujo salivar en reposo y del pH salivar. Para la evaluación de calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal, fue empleado el cuestionario Oral Health Impact Profile-14. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos y el test chi-cuadrado, adoptándose el nivel de significancia de 5 % (p<0.05). Resultados: la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica fue la enfermedad de base más prevalente (50 %). El promedio del flujo salivar en reposo fue de 0.44 ± 0.34ml/min, con un hiperflujo del 43.3 % de los pacientes e hiposalivación del 3.3 %. El promedio del pH salivar fue 6.47 ± 0.57. Los síntomas orales más frecuentes fueron disfagia (56.7 %) y xerostomía (43.3%). El promedio del Oral Health Impact Profile-14 fue de 5.54 ± 4.93 y el 90% de los pacientes presentó algún impacto de las condiciones bucales en su calidad de vida. Los síntomas de disfagia, xerostomía, ardor bucal y sialorrea presentaron una asociación estadísticamente significante (p<0.05) con la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud bucal. Las dimensiones del Oral Health Impact Profile-14 que presentaron mayores porcentajes fueron la inhabilidad psicológica (14.5%) y la limitación funcional (13.5 %). Conclusión: la mayoría de los pacientes presentó una disfunción de las glándulas salivares, y la presencia de síntomas bucales influenció negativamente la percepción de la calidad de vida de los individuos con enfermedades neuromusculares