La formation professionnelle des adultes : pour en finir avec les réformes inabouties

Rapport pour l'Institut MontaigneCe rapport analyse le système de la formation professionnelle en France et propose des pistes de réforme

Réaction de pierre Ferracci aux commentaires d’André Gauron et de Michel Théry

Je voudrais d’abord souligner que tant A. Gauron que M. Théry assignent clairement le même objectif que le groupe multipartite à la réforme : réorienter les moyens de la formation professionnelle vers les personnes les plus menacées de perdre leur emploi ou de n’en pas retrouver. Cette convergence des observateurs comme des acteurs de la formation professionnelle est frappante et confirme que nous avons passé le temps des diagnostics pour entrer dans celui de la négociation et de l’action. A...

La formation professionnelle des adultes : pour en finir avec les réformes inabouties

Ce rapport analyse le système de la formation professionnelle en France et propose des pistes de réformesFormation professionnelle, paritarisme

Protein kinase CK2 contributes to the organization of sodium channels in axonal membranes by regulating their interactions with ankyrin G

In neurons, generation and propagation of action potentials requires the precise accumulation of sodium channels at the axonal initial segment (AIS) and in the nodes of Ranvier through ankyrin G scaffolding. We found that the ankyrin-binding motif of Nav1.2 that determines channel concentration at the AIS depends on a glutamate residue (E1111), but also on several serine residues (S1112, S1124, and S1126). We showed that phosphorylation of these residues by protein kinase CK2 (CK2) regulates Nav channel interaction with ankyrins. Furthermore, we observed that CK2 is highly enriched at the AIS and the nodes of Ranvier in vivo. An ion channel chimera containing the Nav1.2 ankyrin-binding motif perturbed endogenous sodium channel accumulation at the AIS, whereas phosphorylation-deficient chimeras did not. Finally, inhibition of CK2 activity reduced sodium channel accumulation at the AIS of neurons. In conclusion, CK2 contributes to sodium channel organization by regulating their interaction with ankyrin G

PTPA variants and impaired PP2A activity in early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability

The protein phosphatase 2A complex (PP2A), the major Ser/Thr phosphatase in the brain, is involved in a number of signalling pathways and functions, including the regulation of crucial proteins for neurodegeneration, such as alpha-synuclein, tau and LRRK2. Here, we report the identification of variants in the PTPA/PPP2R4 gene, encoding a major PP2A activator, in two families with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. We carried out clinical studies and genetic analyses, including genome-wide linkage analysis, whole-exome sequencing, and Sanger sequencing of candidate variants. We next performed functional studies on the disease-associated variants in cultured cells and knock-down of ptpa in Drosophila melanogaster. We first identified a homozygous PTPA variant, c.893T&gt;G (p.Met298Arg), in patients from a South African family with early-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. Screening of a large series of additional families yielded a second homozygous variant, c.512C&gt;A (p.Ala171Asp), in a Libyan family with a similar phenotype. Both variants co-segregate with disease in the respective families. The affected subjects display juvenile-onset parkinsonism and intellectual disability. The motor symptoms were responsive to treatment with levodopa and deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus. In overexpression studies, both the PTPA p.Ala171Asp and p.Met298Arg variants were associated with decreased PTPA RNA stability and decreased PTPA protein levels; the p.Ala171Asp variant additionally displayed decreased PTPA protein stability. Crucially, expression of both variants was associated with decreased PP2A complex levels and impaired PP2A phosphatase activation. PTPA orthologue knock-down in Drosophila neurons induced a significant impairment of locomotion in the climbing test. This defect was age-dependent and fully reversed by L-DOPA treatment. We conclude that bi-allelic missense PTPA variants associated with impaired activation of the PP2A phosphatase cause autosomal recessive early-onset parkinsonism with intellectual disability. Our findings might also provide new insights for understanding the role of the PP2A complex in the pathogenesis of more common forms of neurodegeneration.</p

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p &lt; 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p &lt; 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p &lt; 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p &lt; 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p &lt; 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Le rôle des experts dans les restructurations, de l’information-consultation à la négociation

Nous sommes au cœur d’une crise financière et économique qui va probablement chambouler le paysage en termes de régulation, y compris en termes de régulation sociale. On pare pour l’instant au plus pressé sur le plan financier et sur le plan économique. Le problème des contre-pouvoirs ou des contrepoids dans l’entreprise pour éviter certaines dérives sera sans doute posé plus tard et, j’espère, le plus vite possible. Quand on regarde ailleurs les élém..

L'information financière des salariés

Financial Reporting for Employees. The article screens financial reporting available for employees and considers that it remains inadequate. The current practices neglect employees’ needs (not only company’s revenues and profit but also its sustainability) and underestimate the difficulty for employees to assimilate the financial metrics. Indeed, the financial reporting suffers from the predominance of the shareholder value and from a short-term standpoint, in contrast with broader stakeholder value and with value creation in the long run. IFRS framework exacerbates this situation by neglecting useful metrics for the employees, like the value added and its sharing out among different stakeholders. The article advocates a broader scope of financial reporting and proposes a new lever to set up better corporate governance, i. e. the appointment of employees in the boards of all public companies and in those of companies with more than 1 000 employees. Classification JEL : G34, J50, M12.L’article analyse l’information financière disponible pour les salariés et considère qu’elle demeure inadaptée. Elle néglige leurs besoins spécifiques (l’activité et la performance de l’entité mais également sa pérennité) et fait peu de cas de l’impératif d’appropriation par les salariés des indicateurs financiers. En effet, l’information financière souffre d’une prédominance de la valeur actionnariale et d’une vision court-termiste, au détriment de la valeur partenariale et de la création de valeur à long terme. Le cadre des normes IFRS aggrave cette situation en négligeant des éléments utiles aux salariés, à l’exemple de la valeur ajoutée et de son partage entre les différentes parties prenantes. L’article plaide ainsi pour un champ de reporting financier élargi et propose un nouveau levier pour asseoir une meilleure gouvernance des entreprises : la nomination d’administrateurs salariés dans toutes les sociétés cotées ou de plus de mille salariés. Classification JEL : G34, J50, M12.Ferracci Pierre, Omari Mustapha. L'information financière des salariés. In: Revue d'économie financière, n°98-99, 2010. Information et formation économiques et financières. pp. 145-157