A proposal for photographic analysis of the facial profile in orthognathic surgery

Introduction: Face analysis, in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery, have been used as a diagnosis tool to assist the professional on directing the treatment, in order to meet one of the patient’s main motivations – face aesthetics. Objective: suggesting reference dotting the patient’s face to assess his face profile photography aiming at helping the professional to evaluate faces in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. Methods: Twenty five patients aged 19-28 years (18 females and 7 males) were assessed. The ones undergoing orthodontic treatment have been excluded. A digital camera DSC-S750 on a three legged support fixed 1 m away from the patient has been used. Infraorbital and tragus areas on the patient’s face have been dotted with a black dermathographic pen. After the photographic exposition, Power Point (Microsoft) Software has been used to process the image. Infraorbital and tragus dots have been connected by a line and perpendicular to this plane, another line passing through glabella, was drawn for a maxilla and jaw analysis as to the face plane. Results: The method suggested has significantly helped diagnosis, prognostic study, learning the parameters for face analysis in orthodontics and orthognathic surgery as well as support material for instructing patient and his caretakers. Conclusion: The method suggested herein has been found to help teaching, diagnosis and patient’s prognostic study, as well as to be usefull as support material for instructing patient and his caretakers.Introdução: A análise facial, na ortodontia e na cirurgia ortognática, tem sido utilizada como um recurso diagnóstico que auxilia o profissional a direcionar o tratamento, de forma a atender uma das principais motivações do paciente - a estética facial. Objetivo: proposição de demarcação de pontos de referência na face do paciente para avaliação da fotografia do perfil facial de maneira a auxiliar o profissional na avaliação da face em ortodontia e cirurgia ortognática. Métodos: foram avaliados 25 pacientes (18 do gênero feminino e 7 do gênero feminino), com idades entre 19 e 28 anos, excluídos aqueles em tratamento ortodôntico. Usou-se uma câmera fotográfica digital DSC-S750, fixada em tripé a 1m do paciente. A face do paciente foi marcada com caneta dermatográfica preta nos pontos infraorbital e tragus. Após a exposição fotográfica, a imagem foi inserida no Power Point (Microsoft), uma linha uniu os pontos infraorbital e tragus e, perpendicular a esse plano, passando pelo ponto glabela uma outra linha foi desenhada para análise do posicionamento da maxila e mandíbula com relação ao plano facial. Resultados: O método proposto auxiliou significativamente no diagnóstico, estudo do prognóstico, ensino dos parâmetros para análise facial em ortodontia e cirurgia ortognática e material auxiliar nas orientações a acompanhantes e pacientes. Conclusão: O método proposto pode auxiliar no ensino, diagnóstico e no estudo do prognóstico do paciente, bem como pode ser utilizado como material auxiliar nas orientações a acompanhantes e pacientes

Six years of facial trauma care: an epidemiological analysis of 355 cases

AbstractFacial traumas are frequent in emergencies, and they require the diagnosis of fractures and associated lesions.AimTo analyze epidemiological data concerning facial trauma care.Materials and MethodsThree hundred and fifty-five charts from patients with facial trauma treated by the Service of Otorhinolaryngology, from January 2002 to December 2008, were revised. The following data was collected: age, gender, etiology, anatomical localization of the fracture, associated injuries, alcohol consumption, treatment, and hospitalization.Study DesignA retrospective historical longitudinal study.ResultsMost of the patients are young adult men (p<0.05) with a male:female ratio of 4:1(p<0.05). Interpersonal violence is the most prevalent cause of facial trauma (27.9%), followed by motor vehicle accidents (16.6%) (p<0.05). The mandible is the most prevalent facial bone fractured (44.2%), followed by nasal fracture (18.9%) (p<0.05). 41.1% of the patients consumed alcohol with a male:female ratio of 11.2:1 (p<0.05). Seventy-seven percent of the patients required surgical intervention (p<0.05) and 84.5% were hospitalized (p<0.05).ConclusionYoung male adults are the most prevalent victims of facial trauma, and interpersonal violence is responsible for the majority of the facial injuries. Most of the cases of facial trauma are associated with the consumption of alcohol. Further studies will be necessary to provide a clear understanding of the trends in the etiology of facial trauma

Advances in Preclinical/Clinical Glioblastoma Treatment: Can Nanoparticles Be of Help?

Simple Summary As one of the most lethal human cancers, glioblastoma treatment is a real challenge because of several resistance mechanisms, including limited drug entry into the central nervous system through the blood-brain barrier and the vast heterogeneity of this family of tumors. In the development of precision medicine, various nanoconstructs are being proposed to cross the BBB, specifically target GB tumors, release the therapeutic cargo in a controlled manner, and reduce therapeutic resistance. This review summarizes the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far pursuing these aims. Glioblastoma multiforme (GB) is the most aggressive and frequent primary malignant tumor in the central nervous system (CNS), with unsatisfactory and challenging treatment nowadays. Current standard of care includes surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. However, these treatments do not much improve the overall survival of GB patients, which is still below two years (the 5-year survival rate is below 7%). Despite various approaches having been followed to increase the release of anticancer drugs into the brain, few of them demonstrated a significant success, as the blood brain barrier (BBB) still restricts its uptake, thus limiting the therapeutic options. Therefore, enormous efforts are being devoted to the development of novel nanomedicines with the ability to cross the BBB and specifically target the cancer cells. In this context, the use of nanoparticles represents a promising non-invasive route, allowing to evade BBB and reducing systemic concentration of drugs and, hence, side effects. In this review, we revise with a critical view the different families of nanoparticles and approaches followed so far with this aim

Intranasal Administration of Catechol-Based Pt(IV) Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy

Cisplatin has been described as a potent anticancer agent for decades. However, in the case of glioblastomas, it is only considered a rescue treatment applied after the failure of second-line treatments. Herein, based on the versatility offered by coordination chemistry, we engineered nanoparticles by reaction of a platinum (IV) prodrug and iron metal ions showing in vitro dual pH- and redox-sensitivity, controlled release and comparable cytotoxicity to cisplatin against HeLa and GL261 cells. In vivo intranasal administration in orthotopic preclinical GL261 glioblastoma tumor-bearing mice demonstrated increased accumulation of platinum in tumors, leading in some cases to complete cure and prolonged survival of the tested cohort. This was corroborated by a magnetic resonance imaging follow-up, thus opening new opportunities for intranasal glioblastoma therapies while minimizing side effects. The findings derived from this research showed the potentiality of this approach as a novel therapy for glioblastoma treatment

ELABORACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO DE JABÓN ARTESANAL A BASE DE HARINA DE LAS LÍNEAS PROMISORIAS DE ARROZ GENERADO EN LA UTB

La Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, mediante el Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado, durante 5 años ha venido realizando estudios de tipo fitogenéticos, mediante el cruce de la maleza Puyón (Oryza rufipogonG.), y una variedad de arroz de tipo japónico, con la finalidad de mejorar el nivel de producción por unidad de superficie y ayudar de esta manera al sector agrícola de la región y del Ecuador, y es así que la carrera de Agroindustria la cual se desarrolla en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, desea darle un valor agregado a manera de un producto artesanal a esta gramínea, como lo es a través de un jabón a base de harina de arroz de la línea promisoria generada de aquel trabajo científico, pues vale indicar, que su elaboración y análisis físico - químico parte de un exhaustivo trabajo para poder brindar un resultado de calidad, pues por ello se hicieron varias pruebas de laboratorio, como lo son los respectivos análisis bromatológicos, y a su vez también se midió el nivel de &nbsp;acogimiento por parte de los consumidores mediante una encuesta, la cual se realizó entre los docentes, empleados y trabajadores de la Universidad, para de esta manera generar un producto natural con bajo nivel de sustancias químicas y que haga bien a la sociedad en general

ELABORACIÓN Y ANÁLISIS ESTADÍSTICO DE JABÓN ARTESANAL A BASE DE HARINA DE LAS LÍNEAS PROMISORIAS DE ARROZ GENERADO EN LA UTB

La Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, mediante el Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Posgrado, durante 5 años ha venido realizando estudios de tipo fitogenéticos, mediante el cruce de la maleza Puyón (Oryza rufipogonG.), y una variedad de arroz de tipo japónico, con la finalidad de mejorar el nivel de producción por unidad de superficie y ayudar de esta manera al sector agrícola de la región y del Ecuador, y es así que la carrera de Agroindustria la cual se desarrolla en la Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, desea darle un valor agregado a manera de un producto artesanal a esta gramínea, como lo es a través de un jabón a base de harina de arroz de la línea promisoria generada de aquel trabajo científico, pues vale indicar, que su elaboración y análisis físico - químico parte de un exhaustivo trabajo para poder brindar un resultado de calidad, pues por ello se hicieron varias pruebas de laboratorio, como lo son los respectivos análisis bromatológicos, y a su vez también se midió el nivel de &nbsp;acogimiento por parte de los consumidores mediante una encuesta, la cual se realizó entre los docentes, empleados y trabajadores de la Universidad, para de esta manera generar un producto natural con bajo nivel de sustancias químicas y que haga bien a la sociedad en general

Synthesis and Validation of a Bioinspired Catechol-Functionalized Pt(IV) Prodrug for Preclinical Intranasal Glioblastoma Treatment

Simple Summary Glioblastoma (GB) is a type of brain cancer with a poor prognosis and few improvements in its treatment. One of the greatest difficulties in GB therapy lies in the fact that most of the drugs with high anticancer potential do not reach the brain and exert high therapeutic activity while minimizing side effects. To overcome these limitations, we focused on a catechol-based Pt(IV) prodrug (able to reverse cisplatin in a cellular environment) with the intention of repurposing Pt-based drugs as GB chemotherapeutic agents. Our in vitro results have corroborated the therapeutic effect of the synthesized complexes as comparable to cisplatin, and in vivo studies have demonstrated the potential of nose-to-brain delivery of this Pt(IV) prodrug for GB treatment. Glioblastoma is the most malignant and frequently occurring type of brain tumors in adults. Its treatment has been greatly hampered by the difficulty to achieve effective therapeutic concentration in the tumor sites due to its location and the blood-brain barrier. Intranasal administration has emerged as an alternative for drug delivery into the brain though mucopenetration, and rapid mucociliary clearance still remains an issue to be solved before its implementation. To address these issues, based on the intriguing properties of proteins secreted by mussels, polyphenol and catechol functionalization has already been used to promote mucopenetration, intranasal delivery and transport across the blood-brain barrier. Thus, herein we report the synthesis and study of complex 1, a Pt(IV) prodrug functionalized with catecholic moieties. This complex considerably augmented solubility in contrast to cisplatin and showed a comparable cytotoxic effect on cisplatin in HeLa, 1Br3G and GL261 cells. Furthermore, preclinical in vivo therapy using the intranasal administration route suggested that it can reach the brain and inhibit the growth of orthotopic GL261 glioblastoma. These results open new opportunities for catechol-bearing anticancer prodrugs in the treatment for brain tumors via intranasal administration

Dental fluorosis: a review

Ingesting fluoride for prolonged periods or in doses higher than those recommended during enamel formation produces changes from the appearance of very thin white lines to serious structural defects, resulting in a pathological entity known as dental fluorosis. The severity of the changes depends on the amount of fluoride ingested; it is a disease that has an epidemiological behavior with endemic characteristics. The indicated management for TF1 and TF2 lesions is dental whitening or infiltrating resin; for TF3 and TF4 micro abrasion and/or whitening and in TF5 combined technique with macro, micro abrasion and dental whitening. It is essential that public health actions be prioritized to mitigate potential complications due to fluorosis, especially in areas identified as endemic

Coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles operating in the continental deep subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt

Microbial activity is a major contributor to the biogeochemical cycles that make up the life support system of planet Earth. A 613 m deep geomicrobiological perforation and a systematic multi-analytical characterization revealed an unexpected diversity associated with the rock matrix microbiome that operates in the subsurface of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IPB). Members of 1 class and 16 genera were deemed the most representative microorganisms of the IPB deep subsurface and selected for a deeper analysis. The use of fluorescence in situ hybridization allowed not only the identification of microorganisms but also the detection of novel activities in the subsurface such as anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) and anaerobic methane oxidation, the co-occurrence of microorganisms able to maintain complementary metabolic activities and the existence of biofilms. The use of enrichment cultures sensed the presence of five different complementary metabolic activities along the length of the borehole and isolated 29 bacterial species. Genomic analysis of nine isolates identified the genes involved in the complete operation of the light-independent coupled C, H, N, S and Fe biogeochemical cycles. This study revealed the importance of nitrate reduction microorganisms in the oxidation of iron in the anoxic conditions existing in the subsurface of the IPBFP7 Ideas: European Research Council, Grant/Award Number: ERC Advanced Grant #250-35