Total Temporomandibular Joint Replacement and Simultaneous Orthognathic Surgery Using Computer-Assisted Surgery

Background: Disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are frequent and are usually associated with other disorders of the facial skeleton. Surgery might be needed to correct TMJ anatomy and function and, in cases where pathologies coexist, a two-stage corrective surgery might be needed. However, the current fashion of single-stage procedures is feasible with the aid of new technologies such as computer-assisted surgery (CAS). This is a step forward toward performing complex procedures such as a TMJ replacement with simultaneous orthognathic surgery. CAS allows designing patient-fitted prosthesis and more predictable and accurate surgeries. Moreover, intraoperative development can be controlled in real time with intraoperative navigation, and postoperative results can be measured and compared afterwards. Aims: The primary purpose of this article is to present the protocol used in our institution for orthognathic surgery associated with unilateral and bilateral TMJ replacement with patient-fitted prostheses guided with CAS. Materials and methods: We present two cases to illustrate our protocol and its results. Results: In the first case, the difference in millimeters between planning and surgical outcomes was 1.72 mm for the glenoid component and 2.16 mm for the condylar prosthesis; for the second case, differences in the right side were 2.59 mm for the glenoid component and 2.06 mm for the ramus, and in the left side, due to the anatomy the difference was a little greater, without clinical significance Conclusion: Combined surgery of the midface and mandible with total TMJ replacement is feasible and beneficial for the patient. CAS facilitates the planning and design of custom-fit prosthesis and execution of these procedures.Fil: Gomez, Natalia Lucia. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Boccalatte, Luis Alejandro. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Lopez Ruiz, Águeda. No especifíca;Fil: Nassif, María Gabriela. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Figari, Marcelo Fernando. Instituto Universidad Escuela de Medicina del Hospital Italiano; ArgentinaFil: Ritacco, Lucas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Oficina de Coordinacion Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional E Ingenieria Biomedica. - Hospital Italiano. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional E Ingenieria Biomedica. - Instituto Universitario Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Medicina Traslacional E Ingenieria Biomedica.; Argentin

Electrochemical promotion for hydrogen production via ethanol steam reforming reaction

In this work we have investigated for the first time the electrochemical activation of a catalyst for the ethanol reforming reaction. For that purpose, a Pt-KβAl2O3 electrochemical catalyst has been prepared, characterized and tested under ethanol reforming reaction conditions. The electrochemically supply of potassium ions under negative polarization step, strongly increased the hydrogen production rates leading to a reversible and controllable promotional effect. It has been attributed to the enhancement of the kinetic of ethanol dehydrogenation reaction, due to the strengthening of the chemisorptive bond of intermediate ethoxy molecules. It will increase the stability of this intermediate, thus favoring its formation, which initiates the ethanol reforming process. However, a large amount of carbonaceous species were formed on the catalyst surface during the negative polarization step that causes a continuous decrease in the catalytic activity under long polarization times. Under these conditions, the application of a catalyst potential of 2 V leads to a complete removal of the previous deposited carbonaceous molecules which allows further electrochemical activation steps. The obtained catalytic results have been supported by in-situ temperature programmed oxidation analysis and ex-situ Raman spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy. These techniques, in conjunction with the obtained catalytic results, have demonstrated the interest of the EPOC phenomenon for in-situ tuning the adsorption of reactants molecules on catalyst surface and its application in the hydrogen production technology, improving catalyst conversion and selectivity.En este trabajo hemos investigado por primera vez la activación electroquímica de un catalizador para la reacción de reformado de etanol. Para ello, un Pt-KβAl 2 O 3El catalizador electroquímico ha sido preparado, caracterizado y probado en condiciones de reacción de reformado de etanol. El suministro electroquímico de iones de potasio en el paso de polarización negativa aumentó considerablemente las tasas de producción de hidrógeno, lo que condujo a un efecto promocional reversible y controlable. Se ha atribuido a la mejora de la cinética de la reacción de deshidrogenación del etanol, debido al fortalecimiento del enlace quimisortivo de las moléculas etoxi intermedias. Aumentará la estabilidad de este intermedio, favoreciendo así su formación, que inicia el proceso de reformado del etanol. Sin embargo, se formó una gran cantidad de especies carbonáceas en la superficie del catalizador durante el paso de polarización negativa que causa una disminución continua en la actividad catalítica bajo largos tiempos de polarización. Bajo estas condiciones, la aplicación de un potencial de catalizador de 2 V conduce a una eliminación completa de las moléculas carbonosas depositadas anteriormente, lo que permite más pasos de activación electroquímica. Los resultados catalíticos obtenidos han sido respaldados por análisis de oxidación a temperatura programada in situ y espectroscopía Raman ex situ y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Estas técnicas, junto con los resultados catalíticos obtenidos, han demostrado el interés del fenómeno EPOC para ajustar in situ la adsorción de moléculas de reactivos en la superficie del catalizador y su aplicación en la tecnología de producción de hidrógeno, mejorando la conversión y selectividad del catalizador. Los resultados catalíticos obtenidos han sido respaldados por análisis de oxidación a temperatura programada in situ y espectroscopía Raman ex situ y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Estas técnicas, junto con los resultados catalíticos obtenidos, han demostrado el interés del fenómeno EPOC para ajustar in situ la adsorción de moléculas de reactivos en la superficie del catalizador y su aplicación en la tecnología de producción de hidrógeno, mejorando la conversión y selectividad del catalizador. Los resultados catalíticos obtenidos han sido respaldados por análisis de oxidación a temperatura programada in situ y espectroscopía Raman ex situ y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Estas técnicas, junto con los resultados catalíticos obtenidos, han demostrado el interés del fenómeno EPOC para ajustar in situ la adsorción de moléculas de reactivos en la superficie del catalizador y su aplicación en la tecnología de producción de hidrógeno, mejorando la conversión y selectividad del catalizador

Membrane-Less Ethanol Electrooxidation over Pd-M (M: Sn, Mo and Re) Bimetallic Catalysts

The effect of the addition of three oxophilic co-metals (Sn, Mo and Re) on the electrochemical performance of Pd in the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) was investigated by performing half-cell and membrane-less electrolysis cell experiments. While the additions of Sn and Re were found to improve significantly the EOR performance of Pd, Mo produced no significant promotional effect. When added in significant amounts (50:50 ratio), Sn and Re produced a 3–4 fold increase in the mass-normalized oxidation peak current as compared to the monometallic Pd/C material. Both the electrochemical surface area and the onset potential also improved upon addition of Sn and Re, although this effect was more evident for Sn. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements revealed a higher ability of Sn for accommodating OH- species as compared to Re, which could explain these results. Additional tests were carried out in a membrane-less electrolysis system. Pd50Re50/C and Pd50Sn50/C both showed higher activity than Pd/C in this system. Chronopotentiometric measurements at constant current were carried out to test the stability of both catalysts in the absence of a membrane. Pd50Sn50/C was significantly more stable than Pd50Re50/C, which showed a rapid increase in the potential with time. Despite operating in the absence of a membrane, both catalysts generated a high-purity (e.g., 99.99%) hydrogen stream at high intensities and low voltages. These conditions could lead to significant energy consumption savings compared to commercial water electrolyzerSe investigó el efecto de la adición de tres cometales oxófilos (Sn, Mo y Re) en el rendimiento electroquímico de Pd en la reacción de oxidación de etanol (EOR) realizando experimentos de celdas de electrólisis sin membrana y de media celda. Si bien se encontró que las adiciones de Sn y Re mejoraban significativamente el rendimiento EOR de Pd, Mo no produjo un efecto promocional significativo. Cuando se agregaron en cantidades significativas (proporción 50:50), Sn y Re produjeron un aumento de 3 a 4 veces en la corriente máxima de oxidación de masa normalizada en comparación con el material monometálico Pd/C. Tanto el área de superficie electroquímica como el potencial de inicio también mejoraron con la adición de Sn y Re, aunque este efecto fue más evidente para Sn. Las mediciones de voltamperometría cíclica (CV) revelaron una mayor capacidad de Sn para acomodar especies de OH- en comparación con Re, lo que podría explicar estos resultados. Se llevaron a cabo pruebas adicionales en un sistema de electrólisis sin membrana. PD50 Re 50 /C y Pd 50 Sn 50 /C mostraron una mayor actividad que Pd/C en este sistema. Se realizaron medidas cronopotenciométricas a corriente constante para probar la estabilidad de ambos catalizadores en ausencia de membrana. El Pd 50 Sn 50 /C fue significativamente más estable que el Pd 50 Re 50 /C, que mostró un rápido aumento del potencial con el tiempo. A pesar de operar en ausencia de una membrana, ambos catalizadores generaron una corriente de hidrógeno de alta pureza (por ejemplo, 99,99%) a intensidades altas y voltajes bajos. Estas condiciones podrían conducir a un ahorro significativo en el consumo de energía en comparación con los electrolizadores de agua comerciale

Electrochemical promotion of ethanol partial oxidation and reforming reactions for hydrogen production

The electrochemical activation of a Pt-KβAl2O3 catalytic system is studied for hydrogen production from ethanol. The in-situ intercalation of potassium ions onto the catalyst surface under negative polarization leads to hydrogen activation and an increase in the production rate under all explored conditions, observing a reproducible, controllable and reversible effect. Under ethanol partial oxidation conditions, the ions migration promotes oxidation dehydrogenation route vs. ethanol dehydration one. Moreover, the steam addition is evaluated through different reaction conditions: steam reforming, partial oxidation and autothermal reforming. The steam reforming reaction exhibits the highest initial catalytic activity; although a strong deactivation of the catalyst occurs due to carbonaceous species deposition. Comparing partial oxidation and autothermal reforming, the latter one presents the highest catalytic activity and the strongest electrochemical activation effect. These findings contribute to the Electrochemical Promotion of Catalysis phenomenon application to operando tuning the catalyst conversion towards hydrogen production, therefore expanding its application to hydrogen technology.Se estudia la activación electroquímica de un sistema catalítico Pt-KβAl 2 O 3 para la producción de hidrógeno a partir de etanol. La intercalación in situ de iones de potasio en la superficie del catalizador bajo polarización negativa conduce a la activación del hidrógeno y a un aumento en la tasa de producción en todas las condiciones exploradas, observando un efecto reproducible, controlable y reversible. En condiciones de oxidación parcial de etanol , la migración de iones promueve la vía de deshidrogenación por oxidación frente a la deshidratación de etanol. Además, la adición de vapor se evalúa a través de diferentes condiciones de reacción: reformado con vapor , oxidación parcial y reformado autotérmico . La reacción de reformado con vapor presenta la mayor actividad catalítica inicial ; aunque se produce una fuerte desactivación del catalizador debido a la deposición de especies carbonosas. Comparando la oxidación parcial y el reformado autotérmico, este último presenta la actividad catalítica más alta y el efecto de activación electroquímica más fuerte. Estos hallazgos contribuyen a la aplicación del fenómeno de la promoción electroquímica de la catálisis para operar la conversión del catalizador hacia la producción de hidrógeno, por lo tanto, expandiendo su aplicación a la tecnología del hidrógeno

Distribution of Pestivirus exposure in wild ruminants in Spain

A large‐scale study was carried out to determine the prevalence of antibodies against Pestivirus species in wild ruminants and describe their spatial variation in mainland Spain. Serum samples of 1,874 wild ruminants from different regions of this country were collected between the years 2000 and 2017. A total of 6.6% (123/1,874) animals showed antibodies against Pestivirus by both blocking ELISA (bELISA) and virus neutralization tests (VNT). The prevalence of antibodies against pestiviruses was different both among species and regions. Seroprevalence by species was 30.0% (75/250) in Southern chamois (Rupicapra pyrenaica), 7.0% (25/357) in fallow deer (Dama dama), 2.5% (10/401) in red deer (Cervus elaphus), 2.4% (8/330) in Iberian wild goat (Capra pyrenaica), 1.1% (4/369) in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and 0.8% (1/130) in mouflon (Ovis aries musimon), not detecting seropositivity (0/37) in Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia). The results confirm that exposure to pestiviruses was detected throughout mainland Spain, with significantly higher seroprevalence in Northern regions associated with the presence of Southern chamois. This indicates an endemic circulation of pestiviruses in Southern chamois and a limited circulation of these viruses in the remaining wild ruminant species during the last two decades, thus suggesting that non‐chamois species are not true Pestivirus reservoirs in Spain. Nonetheless, the high spatial spread of these viruses points out that new epidemic outbreaks in naïve wild ruminant populations or transmission to livestock may occur, evidencing the usefulness of monitoring pestiviruses in wild ruminants, especially at the wildlife–livestock interface.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 on antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes with reduced susceptibility in Spain, 2004-20: a national surveillance study

Background: Epidemiological studies are necessary to explore the effect of current pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against antibiotic resistance, including the rise of non-vaccine serotypes that are resistant to antibiotics. Hence, epidemiological changes in the antimicrobial pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae before and during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic were studied. Methods: In this national surveillance study, we characterised the antimicrobial susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics in 3017 pneumococcal clinical isolates with reduced susceptibility to penicillin during 2004-20 in Spain. This study covered the early and late PCV7 periods; the early, middle, and late PCV13 periods; and the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, to evaluate the contribution of PCVs and the pandemic to the emergence of non-vaccine serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance. Findings: Serotypes included in PCV7 and PCV13 showed a decline after the introduction of PCVs in Spain. However, an increase in non-PCV13 serotypes (mainly 11A, 24F, and 23B) that were not susceptible to penicillin promptly appeared. A rise in the proportion of pneumococcal strains with reduced susceptibility to β-lactams and erythromycin was observed in 2020, coinciding with the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Cefditoren was the β-lactam with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)50 or MIC90 values, and had the highest proportion of susceptible strains throughout 2004-20. Interpretation: The increase in non-PCV13 serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance is concerning, especially the increase of penicillin resistance linked to serotypes 11A and 24F. The future use of PCVs with an increasingly broad spectrum (such as PCV20, which includes serotype 11A) could reduce the impact of antibiotic resistance for non-PCV13 serotypes. The use of antibiotics to prevent co-infections in patients with COVID-19 might have affected the increased proportion of pneumococcal-resistant strains. Cefotaxime as a parenteral option, and cefditoren as an oral choice, were the antibiotics with the highest activity against non-PCV20 serotypes.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant PID2020–119298RB-I00), Meiji Pharma Spain (grant MVP 119/20), and internal funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III.S

Tracing the retina to analyze the integrity and phagocytic capacity of the retinal pigment epithelium

We have developed a new technique to study the integrity, morphology and functionality of the retinal neurons and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Young and old control albino (Sprague-Dawley) and pigmented (Piebald Virol Glaxo) rats, and dystrophic albino (P23H-1) and pigmented (Royal College of Surgeons) rats received a single intravitreal injection of 3% Fluorogold (FG) and their retinas were analyzed from 5 minutes to 30 days later. Retinas were imaged in vivo with SD-OCT and ex vivo in flat-mounts and in cross-sections. Fifteen minutes and 24 hours after intravitreal administration of FG retinal neurons and the RPE, but no glial cells, were labeled with FG-filled vesicles. The tracer reached the RPE 15 minutes after FG administration, and this labeling remained up to 30 days. Tracing for 15 minutes or 24 hours did not cause oxidative stress. Intraretinal tracing delineated the pathological retinal remodelling occurring in the dystrophic strains. The RPE of the P23H-1 strain was highly altered in aged animals, while the RPE of the RCS strain, which is unable to phagocytose, did not accumulate the tracer even at young ages when the retinal neural circuit is still preserved. In both dystrophic strains, the RPE cells were pleomorphic and polymegathic.This study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional “Una manera de hacer Europa” (PI16/00031, PI16/00380, PI19/00071, PI19/00203, SAF2015-67643-P, RD16/0008, RD16/0008/0026 and RD16/0008/0016) and by the Fundación Séneca, Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología Región de Murcia (19881/GERM/15)

Electrochemical reforming of ethanol in a membrane-less reactor configuration

As a result of the research of a more integrated process for hydrogen production, a new concept of membrane-less electrochemical reformer rises up for single-step hydrogen production in a single chamber reactor. In this system, the solid polymeric electrolyte is replaced by a low concentration liquid KOH solution electrolyte, simplifying its scale up and enhancing the stability of the cell. The viability of the system is studied for electrochemical reforming of ethanol and under an alkaline environment, which avoids the use of Pt-Ru or Pt-Sn high metal loading electrodes. Instead of these catalysts, commercial Pd/C Vulcan and Pt/C black are sprayed over Carbon Paper to be used as anode and cathode catalysts, respectively. In all the experiments carried out, a hydrogen stream with 100% of faradaic efficiency has been obtained. A temperature of 85 °C, a 3.5 mm electrodes distance and a fuel feeding solution of 1 mol·L−1 EtOH and 4 mol·L−1 KOH are the optimised conditions found in the studied range. These optimised conditions lead to current densities above 450 mA·cm−2 at lower cell potentials (1.4 V) than required for water electrolysis leading to lower energy consumption values. It is a remarkable result, as this electrocatalytic activity is higher than that obtained in previous studies based on membrane electrode assemblies systems. Finally, the stability of the system has been verified by mild term electrocatalyic experiments coupled with Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry and X-ray diffraction analysis of fresh and used electrodes.Como resultado de la investigación de un proceso más integrado para la producción de hidrógeno , surge un nuevo concepto de reformador electroquímico sin membrana para la producción de hidrógeno en un solo paso en un reactor de cámara única. En este sistema, el electrolito polimérico sólido se reemplaza por un electrolito de solución de KOH líquido de baja concentración, lo que simplifica su aumento de escala y mejora la estabilidad de la celda. Se estudia la viabilidad del sistema para reformado electroquímico de etanol y bajo ambiente alcalino, lo que evita el uso de electrodos de alta carga de metal Pt-Ru o Pt-Sn. En lugar de estos catalizadores, se rocían Pd/C Vulcan y Pt/C negro comerciales sobre papel carbón para usarlos como catalizadores de ánodo y cátodo, respectivamente. En todos los experimentos realizados se ha obtenido una corriente de hidrógeno con un 100% de eficiencia faradaica. Una temperatura de 85 °C, una distancia entre electrodos de 3,5 mm y una solución de alimentación de combustible de 1 mol·L −1 EtOH y 4 mol·L −1 KOH son las condiciones optimizadas que se encuentran en el rango estudiado. Estas condiciones optimizadas conducen a densidades de corriente superiores a 450 mA·cm −2 a potenciales de celda más bajos (1,4 V) que los necesarios para la electrólisis del agua.lo que conduce a valores más bajos de consumo de energía. Es un resultado notable, ya que esta actividad electrocatalítica es superior a la obtenida en estudios previos basados ​​en sistemas de ensamblaje de electrodos de membrana. Finalmente, la estabilidad del sistema se ha verificado mediante experimentos electrocatalíticos de duración moderada junto con espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y análisis de difracción de rayos X de electrodos nuevos y usados

Pertinencia en el uso de las plataformas educativas prácticas de uso libre y su aplicación en el área de ciencias naturales en la educación media de instituciones educativas del sector oficial del departamento central

The incursion of ICT in the educational field involves processes of discussions and reflections, because this changes the paradigm of traditional teaching and bets towards an innovation within the teaching process, it also implies a change in daily planning since the active teacher-student interaction generates a horizontal communication space, which results in security, commitment, action and significant results in the learning process of students. The application of technological resources influenced the perception of students in a positive way, through the application and generation of new experiences in the teaching strategies used in the classroom through ICT. This research sought to determine the relevance of the use of educational platforms for free use in the teaching of Natural Sciences in medium-level educational environments of official management of the Central Department, it was found that there are a wide variety of digital resources, useful for simulating complex phenomena and replicate in a Natural Sciences laboratory, which make it possible to compare the results of a real experiment with a simulated one and evaluate the level of compliance with the learning objectives, generate virtual spaces to store content, organize work groups, create collaborative activities.  La incursión de las TIC en el ámbito educativo conlleva procesos de discusiones y reflexiones pues cambia el paradigma de la enseñanza tradicional y apuesta hacia una innovación dentro del proceso de enseñanza, además implica un cambio en la planificación cotidiana pues la interacción activa docente-alumno genera un espacio de comunicación horizontal, lo cual redunda en, seguridad, compromiso, acción y resultados significativos en el proceso de aprendizaje de los alumnos. La aplicación de recursos tecnológicos influyó en la percepción de los estudiantes de manera positiva, mediante la aplicación y generación de nuevas experiencias en las estrategias de enseñanza utilizadas en el aula a través de las TIC. Esta investigación buscó determinar la pertinencia del uso de plataformas educativas de uso libre en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en entornos educativos de nivel medio de gestión oficial del Departamento Central, se pudo constatar que existen una gran variedad de recursos digitales, útiles para simular fenómenos complejos y replicar en un laboratorio de Ciencias Naturales, que posibiliten contrastar los resultados de un experimento real con uno simulado y evaluar el nivel de cumplimiento de los objetivos de aprendizaje, generar espacios virtuales para almacenar contenidos, organizar grupos de trabajos, crear actividades colaborativas

Cloud condensation nuclei activation properties of Mediterranean pollen types considering organic chemical composition and surface tension effects

Supplementary data to this article can be found online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2023.119961This work was supported by BioCloud project (RTI2018.101154.A. I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and NUCLEUS project (PID2021-128757OB- I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and NextGener- ationEU/PRTR. This work received support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through projects ACT- RIS.IMP (grant agreement No 871115) and ATMO_ACCESS (grant agreement No 101008004), by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects ELPIS (PID2020-120015RB-I00) and ACT- RIS-Espa˜na (CGL2017-90884REDT)). By the Junta de Andalucía Excel- lence, project ADPANE (P20-00136), AEROPRE (P-18-RT-3820) and by University of Granada Plan Propio through Visiting Scholars (PPVS2018-04), Singular Laboratory (LS2022-1) programs and Pre- Competitive Research Projects Pre-Greenmitigation3 (PP2022.PP34). Funding for open access charge, University of Granada/CBUA. Andrea Casans is funded by Spanish ministry of research and innovation under the predoctoral program FPI (PRE2019-090827) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033, FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. Fernando Rejano is funded by Spanish ministry of universities through predoctoral grant FPU19/05340. Juan Andr´es Casquero-Vera is funded by FJC2021- 047873-I, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and NextGener- ationEU/PRTR. Elisabeth Andrews is funded in part by NOAA cooper- ative agreements NA17OAR4320101. Thanks to the NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory for the use of the CCN counterWind-dispersed pollen grains emitted from vegetation are directly injected into the atmosphere being an important source of natural aerosols globally. These coarse particles of pollen can rupture into smaller particles, known as subpollen particles (SPPs), that may act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and affect the climate. In this study, we characterize and investigate the ability of SPPs of 10 Mediterranean-climate pollen types to activate as CCN. A continuous flow CCN counter (CCNC) was used to measure the activation of size-selected (80, 100 and 200 nm dry mobility diameter) particles at different supersaturations (SS). Hygroscopicity parameter (κ) for each SPP type and size has been calculated using κ-K¨ohler theory. Organic chemical speciation and protein content has been determined to further characterize pollen solutions. Furthermore, the surface activity of SPPs has also been investigated by using pendant drop tensiometry. All studied SPP samples show critical supersat- uration (SSCrit) values that are atmospherically relevant SS conditions. Hygroscopicity κ values are in the range characteristic of organic compounds (0.1–0.3). We found that organic speciation and protein content vary substantially among pollen types, with saccharides and fatty acids being the only organic compounds found in all pollen types. A clear relationship between SPP activation and its organic composition was not observed. This study also reveals that all SPPs investigated reduce the surface tension of water at high concentrations but at diluted concentrations (such as those of activation in the CCNC), the water surface tension value is a good approximation in K¨ohler theory. Overall, this analysis points out that pollen particles might be an important source of CCN in the atmosphere and should be considered in aerosol-cloud interactions processes.BioCloud project (RTI2018.101154.A. I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa” and NUCLEUS project (PID2021-128757OB- I00) funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033NextGenerationEU/PRTREuropean Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through projects ACT- RIS.IMP (grant agreement No 871115)European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program through project ATMO_ACCESS (grant agreement No 101008004Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through projects ELPIS (PID2020-120015RB-I00) and ACT-RIS-España (CGL2017-90884REDT)Junta de Andalucía Excel- lence, project ADPANE (P20-00136), AEROPRE (P-18-RT-3820)University of Granada Plan Propio through Visiting Scholars (PPVS2018-04), Singular Laboratory (LS2022-1) programs and Pre- Competitive Research Projects Pre-Greenmitigation3 (PP2022.PP34)Funding for open access charge, University of Granada/CBUASpanish ministry of research and innovation under the predoctoral program FPI (PRE2019-090827) funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033Spanish ministry of universities through predoctoral grant FPU19/05340FJC2021- 047873-I, MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and NextGenerationEU/PRTRNOAA cooperative agreements NA17OAR432010