Gestão de serviços dos ecossistemas em bacias hidrográficas

Os serviços de ecossistemas referem-se a uma dimensão normalmente menosprezada das actividades agrícolas e florestais. Com efeito, estas actividades, para além dos produtos transaccionáveis, produzem, ou contribuem para a produção de serviços não transaccionáveis que importa reconhecer, avaliar e, progressivamente, remunerar. Esta remuneração é da maior importância no actual contexto de desvalorização dos rendimentos associados a essas actividades na maior parte dos espaços anteriormente a elas dedicados, desvalorização que vem pondo progressivamente em risco esses espaços multifuncionais e, particularmente, as suas contribuições para as funções económicas e sociais dos restantes espaços de uso, com relevo para os espaços de produção, urbanização e de serviços. Com efeito, estes últimos, não poderão ser viáveis sem as funções de produção e regulação que são garantidas pelos espaços hoje classificados como marginais e pelas actividades agrícolas e florestais de rentabilidade insuficiente, mas que garantem funções de produção e regulação dos sistemas hidrológicos (através, por exemplo, da infiltração ou da regularização do escoamento) ou de protecção contra os fenómenos erosivos e a perda de solo. Estas funções são hoje reconhecidas por inúmeros instrumentos legais e acordos internacionais (caso da Directiva Quadro da Água, da proposta de Directiva Quadro para a Protecção do Solo (COM(2006) 232 e a recente declaração do Conselho da União Europeia sobre a Protecção dos recursos hídricos e a gestão integrada sustentável da água na União Europeia (Junho de 2011). Interessa agora desenvolver os mecanismos quer para a sua gestão integrada, quer para a sua efectiva e adequada remuneração

High Hydrostatic Pressure Process to Improve Ethanol Production

The use of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an interesting approach to optimize the production of both first- and second-generation ethanol. It may be applied on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells to enhance the fermentation pathway and on the lignocellulosic biomass to increase sugar release. HHP has a wide effect on many biological processes, such as growth, division and cellular viability. Actually, conformation, stability, polymerization and depolymerization of proteins are affected by HHP as well as lipid packaging. Moreover, transcriptional profile analysis indicates an activation of the general stress response. In yeast, HHP higher than 100 MPa leads to significant morphological and physiological alteration, and loss of cellular viability occurs over 200 MPa. A yield rate increase in ethanol production occurs at pressures of 10–50 MPa, but over 87 MPa alcoholic fermentation is interrupted

Control tunning approach and digital filter application for competitive line follower robot

This research describes the development of a control strategy to optimize a competitive line follower robot for standard races. The innovative approach stems from the WolfBotz team at CEFET/RJ, presenting a thorough exploration of mathematical foundations, hardware design, control analysis, and how to implement this system in a microcontroller. This research complements a previous work that shows all the regulations used in Brazilian competitions and describes the controllers used in the system, such as angular and linear control. This research emphasizes all the changes between the two versions of Line Follower robots. The emphasis on mathematical foundations and integrating digital signal processing techniques like digital filters set the stage for robust sensor data interpretation. The tuning and optimization of dual controllers for track stability and linear velocity regulation represent a significant innovation, augmenting the robot’s overall performance.The authors would like to thank CEFET/RJ and the Brazilian research agencies CAPES, CNPq, and FAPERJ for supporting this work. Besides, the authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support through national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CeDRI (UIDB/05757/2020 and UIDP/05757/2020) and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2021).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Zika virus infections imported from Brazil to Portugal, 2015

Zika virus is an emerging arbovirus transmitted by Aedes sp. mosquitoes like the Dengue and Chikungunya viruses. Zika virus was until recently considered a mild pathogenic mosquito-borne flavivirus with very few reported benign human infections. In 2007, an epidemic in Micronesia initiated the turnover in the epidemiological history of Zika virus and more recently, the potential association with congenital microcephaly cases in Brazil 2015, still under investigation, led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on February 1, 2016. Here, we present the clinical and laboratory aspects related to the first four imported human cases of Zika virus in Portugal from Brazil, and alert, regarding the high level of traveling between Portugal and Brazil, and the ongoing expansion of this virus in the Americas, for the threat for Zika virus introduction in Europe and the possible introduction to Madeira Island where Aedes aegypti is present.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pathogenesis of hypertension in a mouse model for human CLCN2 related hyperaldosteronism

Human primary aldosteronism (PA) can be caused by mutations in several ion channel genes but mouse models replicating this condition are lacking. We now show that almost all known PA-associated CLCN2 mutations markedly increase ClC-2 chloride currents and generate knock-in mice expressing a constitutively open ClC-2 Cl(−) channel as mouse model for PA. The Clcn2(op) allele strongly increases the chloride conductance of zona glomerulosa cells, provoking a strong depolarization and increasing cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration. Clcn2(op) mice display typical features of human PA, including high serum aldosterone in the presence of low renin activity, marked hypertension and hypokalemia. These symptoms are more pronounced in homozygous Clcn2(op/op) than in heterozygous Clcn2+/op mice. This difference is attributed to the unexpected finding that only ~50 % of Clcn2(+/op) zona glomerulosa cells are depolarized. By reproducing essential features of human PA, Clcn2(op) mice are a valuable model to study the pathological mechanisms underlying this disease

Thermal analysis in oxidative and pyrolysis conditions of alkaline earth metals picolinates using the techniques:TG-DSC, DSC, MWTA, HSM and EGA (TG-DSC-FTIR and HSM-MS)

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:58:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-10-01Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)University of HuddersfieldSynthesis, characterization, thermal stability and pyrolysis of some alkaline earth picolinates M(C6H5NO2)2⋅nH2O (where M = Mg(II), Ca(II), Sr(II) and Ba(II) and n = di (Mg), mono (Ca), hemi three (Sr) hydrated) were investigated using a range of techniques including simultaneous thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry (TG–DSC), evolved gas analysis (EGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Hot-Stage microscopy (HSM), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), complexometry with EDTA and elemental analysis (EA). The TG-DSC curves show that the hydrated compounds dehydrate in a single step of mass loss and the thermal stability of the anhydrous compound is little influenced from the atmosphere used. On the other hand, the mechanisms of thermal decomposition are profoundly influenced by the atmosphere used, as can also be observed in the EGA data. In addition, a comparison between two calorimetric techniques, Microwave Thermal Analysis (MWTA) and DSC, was made which showed similar profiles. Two evolved gas analysis (EGA) techniques: TG-DSC coupled to FTIR and HSM coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer (MS) were also used to provide additional information about the pyrolysis mechanism.Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de QuímicaThermal Methods Research Unit Department of Chemistry University of Huddersfield, HuddersfieldInstituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia do Paraná (IFPR)Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Rondônia (IFRO)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de QuímicaUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Departamento de Químic

Citocinas séricas na forma crônica da doenca de Chagas

We studied the serum levels of IL-2, IFN-g and TNF in different clinical forms of Chagas' disease and in patients clinically compensated and decompensated. Cytokines measured in 91 patients with the chronic form of the disease did not differ from those of 13 normal individuals, suggesting the absence of activation of the TH1 pattern of lymphocyte response. There were no statistical differences among the 17 patients in the indeterminate form of the disease, the patients presenting either early (n = 4) or well-developed signs of cardiomyopathy (n = 62), the digestive (n = 4) or the mixed (n = 4) forms of the disease. Serum TNF was undetectable and IFN-g levels did not differ between clinical forms and severities of Chagas' disease. However, we found IL-2 higher levels in the 25 non-controlled patients than in the 66 controlled individuals (p < 0,001). We suggest that IL-2 dosage may be useful as an indicator of the need for more aggressive procedures.Estudamos os níveis séricos da IL-2, IFN-g e do TNF-a de portadores da doença de Chagas em suas diferentes formas clínicas, compensados e descompensados. As citocinas medidas nos 91 pacientes com a forma crônica da doença não diferiram dos níveis de 13 indivíduos controle. Não houve diferença estatística entre os 17 portadores da forma indeterminada da doença e os portadores de cardiopatia insipiente (n = 4), de cardiopatia bem estabelecida (n = 62), da forma digestiva (n = 4) ou da forma mista (n = 4) da doença. Os níveis séricos de TNF foram indetectáveis e IFN-g não diferiu nas diferentes formas clínicas ou com a severidade da doença. No entanto, encontramos níveis mais elevados de IL-2 nos 25 pacientes não-contrololados do que nos 66 pacientes bem compensados (p < 0,001). Sugerimos que a dosagem de IL-2 possa servir como indicadora da necessidade de terapêuticas mais agressivas nestes pacientes.28528

Influence Of Post-thickness And Material On The Fracture Strength Of Teeth With Reduced Coronal Structure

Purpose: To evaluate the fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with reduced coronal structure reinforced with glass-fiber posts and cast posts and core (nickel-chromium alloy) with different thickness. Materials and Methods: Forty maxillary central incisors were sectioned at 1 mm of the cementoenamel junction and endodontically treated. The teeth were divided into four groups (n = 10) and restored with cast post and core and glass-fiber posts with diameters of 1.5 mm and 1.1 mm. The fracture strength was evaluated using a Universal Testing Machine (Instron 1144) at 45° of angulation. The results were submitted to analysis of variance two-way and Tukey′s test ( P < 0.05). The failure mode was also evaluated. Results: Cast post and core were statistically superior to the glass-fiber posts with the self-post diameter ( P = 0.001). When the self-post material was considered, no significant difference was observed between the two post-diameters ( P = 0.749). The glass-fiber post-groups presented more fractures in the cervical third than the cast post and core groups. Conclusion: Teeth restored with cast post and cores present higher fracture strength than those reinforced with glass-fiber posts. An increased post-thickness does not increase the fracture strength. Glass-fiber posts lead to less severe fractures.162139143Clavijo, V.G., Reis, J.M., Kabbach, W., Silva, A.L., Oliveira Junior, O.B., Andrade, M.F., Fracture strength of flared bovine roots restored with different intraradicular posts (2009) J Appl Oral Sci, 17, pp. 574-578Juloski, J., Radovic, I., Goracci, C., Vulicevic, Z.R., Ferrari, M., Ferrule effect: A literature review (2012) J Endod, 38, pp. 11-19De Oliveira, J.A., Pereira, J.R., Lins Do Valle, A., Zogheib, L.V., Fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth with different heights of crown ferrule restored with prefabricated carbon fiber post and composite resin core by intermittent loading (2008) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 106, pp. e52-e57Bergman, B., Lundquist, P., Sjögren, U., Sundquist, G., Restorative and endodontic results after treatment with cast posts and cores (1989) J Prosthet Dent, 61, pp. 10-15Sidoli, G.E., King, P.A., Setchell, D.J., An in vitro evaluation of a carbon fiber-based post and core system (1997) J Prosthet Dent, 78, pp. 5-9Stockton, L.W., Williams, P.T., Retention and shear bond strength of two post systems (1999) Oper Dent, 24, pp. 210-216Fernandes, A.S., Shetty, S., Coutinho, I., Factors determining post selection: A literature review (2003) Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 90 (6), pp. 556-562. , DOI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2003.09.006Pereira, J.R., Neto, T.D.M., Porto, V.D.C., Pegoraro, L.F., Do Valle, A.L., Influence of the remaining coronal structure on the resistance of teeth with intraradicular retainer (2005) Brazilian Dental Journal, 16 (3), pp. 197-201. , http://www.scielo.br/pdf/bdj/v16n3/v16n3a05.pdf, DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2004.02196.xMa, T., Lommel, T.J., Gerstein, H., A study of mandibular and maxillary root widths to determine dowel size (1979) J Endod, 5, pp. 79-82Kivanç, B.H., Alaçam, T., Ulusoy, O.I., Genç, O., Görgül, G., Fracture resistance of thin-walled roots restored with different post systems (2009) Int Endod J, 42, pp. 997-1003Du, J.K., Lin, W.K., Wang, C.H., Lee, H.E., Li, H.Y., Wu, J.H., FEM analysis of the mandibular first premolar with different post diameters (2011) Odontology, 99, pp. 148-154Akkayan, B., Gulmez, T., Resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth restored with different post systems (2002) Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 87 (4), pp. 431-437. , DOI 10.1067/mpr.2002.123227Al-Wahadni, A.M., Hamdan, S., Al-Omiri, M., Hammad, M.M., Hatamleh, M.M., Fracture resistance of teeth restored with different post systems. in vitro study (2008) Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 106, pp. e77-e83Bonfante, G., Kaizer, O.B., Pegoraro, L.F., Do Valle, A.L., Fracture strength of teeth with flared root canals restored with glass fibre posts (2007) Int Dent J, 57, pp. 153-160Hegde, J., Ramakrishna, Bashetty K, Srirekha, Lekha, Champa. An in vitro evaluation of fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with simulated flared root canals restored with different post and core systems (2012) J Conserv Dent, 15, pp. 223-227Yoldas, O., Akova, T., Uysal, H., An experimental analysis of stresses in simulated flared root canals subjected to various post-core applications (2005) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 32 (6), pp. 427-432. , DOI 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2005.01440.xMaccari, P.C., Cosme, D.C., Oshima, H.M., Burnett Jr., L.H., Shinkai, R.S., Fracture strength of endodontically treated teeth with flared root canals and restored with different post systems (2007) J Esthet Restor Dent, 19, pp. 30-36Ferrario, V.F., Sforza, C., Serrao, G., Dellavia, C., Tartaglia, G.M., Single tooth bite forces in healthy young adults (2004) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 31 (1), pp. 18-22Tjan, A.H., Whang, S.B., Resistance to root fracture of dowel channels with various thicknesses of buccal dentin walls (1985) J Prosthet Dent, 53, pp. 496-500Sorensen, J.A., Engelman, M.J., Effect of post adaptation on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth (1990) J Prosthet Dent, 64, pp. 419-424Al-Omiri, M.K., Mahmoud, A.A., Rayyan, M.R., Abu-Hammad, O., Fracture resistance of teeth restored with post-retained restorations: An overview (2010) J Endod, 36, pp. 1439-1449Assif, D., Gorfil, C., Biomechanical considerations in restoring endodontically treated teeth (1994) J Prosthet Dent, 71, pp. 565-567Pereira, J.R., De Ornelas, F., Rodrigues Conti, P.C., Lins Do Valle, A., Effect of a crown ferrule on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with prefabricated posts (2006) Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 95 (1), pp. 50-54. , DOI 10.1016/j.prosdent.2005.10.019, PII S0022391305005780De Castro Albuquerque, R., De Abreu Polleto, L.T., Fontana, R.H.B.T.S., Cimini Jr., C.A., Stress analysis of an upper central incisor restored with different posts (2003) Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, 30 (9), pp. 936-943. , DOI 10.1046/j.1365-2842.2003.01154.xLanza, A., Aversa, R., Rengo, S., Apicella, D., Apicella, A., 3D FEA of cemented steel, glass and carbon posts in a maxillary incisor (2005) Dental Materials, 21 (8), pp. 709-715. , DOI 10.1016/j.dental.2004.09.010, PII S010956410500037