13 research outputs found
OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES TO BODY FLUIDS AND BEHAVIORS REGARDING THEIR PREVENTION AND POST-EXPOSURE AMONG MEDICAL AND NURSING STUDENTS AT A BRAZILIAN PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the frequencies and characteristics of occupational exposures among medical and nursing students at a Brazilian public university, in addition to their prevention and post-exposure behavior. During the second semester of 2010, a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire was completed by 253/320 (79.1%) medical students of the clinical course and 149/200 (74.5%) nursing students who were already performing practical activities. Among medical students, 53 (20.9%) suffered 73 injuries, which mainly occurred while performing extra-curricular activities (32.9%), with cutting and piercing objects (56.2%), in the emergency room (39.7%), and as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (54.8%). Among nursing students, 27 (18.1%) suffered 37 injuries, which mainly occurred with hollow needles (67.6%) in the operating room or wards (72.2%), and as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (62.1%). Among medical and nursing students, respectively, 96.4% and 48% were dissatisfied with the instructions on previously received exposure prevention; 48% and 18% did not always use personal protective equipment; 67.6% and 16.8% recapped used needles; 49.3% and 35.1% did not bother to find out the source patient's serological results post-exposure; and 1.4% and 18.9% officially reported injuries. In conclusion, this study found high frequencies of exposures among the assessed students, inadequate practices in prevention and post-exposure, and, consequently, the need for training in âstandard precautionsâ to prevent such exposures.Estudo transversal foi realizado para verificar, entre estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de universidade pĂșblica brasileira, as frequĂȘncias e caracterĂsticas de exposiçÔes ocupacionais e seus comportamentos na prevenção e pĂłs-exposição. Durante o segundo semestre de 2010, questionĂĄrio autoaplicĂĄvel e semiestruturado foi completado por 253/320 (79,1%) estudantes de medicina do curso clĂnico e por 149/200 (74,5%) estudantes de enfermagem que jĂĄ exerciam atividades prĂĄticas. Entre os estudantes de medicina, 53 (20,9%) sofreram 73 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente em atividades extracurriculares (32,9%), com objetos pĂ©rfuro-cortantes (56,2%), na sala de emergĂȘncia (39,7%) e em decorrĂȘncia de despreparo tĂ©cnico ou distração (54,8%). Entre os alunos de enfermagem, 27 (18,1%) sofreram 37 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente com agulhas ocas (67,6%), no centro cirĂșrgico ou enfermarias (72,2%) e em decorrĂȘncia de despreparo tĂ©cnico ou distração (62,1%). Entre os alunos de medicina e de enfermagem, respectivamente, 96,4% e 48% estavam insatisfeitos com orientaçÔes previamente recebidas de prevenção de acidentes, 48% e 18% nem sempre utilizam equipamento de proteção individual, 67,6% e 16,8% reencapam agulhas usadas, 49,3% e 35,1% nĂŁo se preocuparam em conhecer os exames sorolĂłgicos do paciente-fonte pĂłs-exposição e 1,4% e 18,9% relataram o acidente oficialmente. Em conclusĂŁo, neste estudo verificaram-se altas frequĂȘncias de exposiçÔes entre os estudantes avaliados, prĂĄticas inadequadas na prevenção e pĂłs-exposição e, consequentemente, a necessidade de treinamento nas âprecauçÔes padrĂŁoâ para prevenção de tais exposiçÔes
FrequĂȘncia de exposiçÔes ocupacionais, fatores de risco associados e comportamentos inadequados pĂłs-exposiçÔes entre estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem de uma universidade pĂșblica brasileira
Introduction: Medical and nursing students are at risk of acquiring infections through occupational accidents due to inexperience and lack of skill in procedures with patients. Objective: To determine the frequency of occupational exposures, risk factors and inadequate post-exposure behaviors among these students in a public university of Southeastern Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in the end of the second semester of 2010. To collect demographic data and the frequency of possible occupational accidents and its characteristics, an anonymous, self-administered and semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to all medical students who were in the clinical course, and for all nursing students who had practical activities at a university hospital. This research project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Universidade Federal de UberlĂąndia. Results: The questionnaire was completed by 253/320 (79.1%) medical students and 149/200 (74.5%) nursing students. Among medical students, 53 (20.9%) had suffered 73 accidents, which occurred mainly in extracurricular activities (33%); with cutting or piercing objects (56.2%); in the emergency room (39.7%); as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (54.8%). Among nursing students, 27 (18.1%) suffered 37 injuries, which mainly occurred with hollow needles (67.6%), in the operating room or wards (72.2%), as a result of lack of technical preparation or distraction (62.1%). Among medical and nursing students, respectively, 96.4% and 48% were dissatisfied with the instruction on exposure prevention previously; 48% and 18% did not always use personal protective equipment; 67.6% and 16.8% recapped used needles; 83.8% and 85.2% had no knowledge about the behaviors that should be performed after such exposures; 97.2% and 85.9% were unaware about the behaviors that must be taken in case of contact with body fluids of patients with HIV, HBV and HCV; and 1.4% and 18.9% officially reported injuries. Conclusions: We observed high frequency of occupational exposures among medical and nursing students, low level of knowledge about prevention and post-accidents procedures, and the need for structured training for "standard precautions" to prevent occupational exposures.Mestre em CiĂȘncias da SaĂșdeIntrodução: Estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem estĂŁo em risco de adquirir infecçÔes por acidentes ocupacionais devido Ă inexperiĂȘncia e a falta de habilidade em procedimentos com pacientes. Objetivo: Verificar as frequĂȘncias de exposiçÔes ocupacionais, fatores de risco associados e de comportamentos inadequados pĂłs-exposiçÔes entre esses estudantes de uma universidade pĂșblica da regiĂŁo sudeste do Brasil. MĂ©todos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado no final do segundo semestre de 2010. Para coleta de dados sociodemogrĂĄficos e das frequĂȘncias de possĂveis acidentes ocupacionais e de suas caracterĂsticas, um questionĂĄrio anĂŽnimo, autoaplicĂĄvel e semiestruturado foi distribuĂdo para todos os estudantes de medicina que estavam no curso clĂnico e para todos os estudantes de enfermagem que jĂĄ tinham atividades prĂĄticas no hospital. O projeto desta pesquisa foi aprovado pelo ComitĂȘ de Ătica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de UberlĂąndia. Resultados: O questionĂĄrio foi respondido por 253/320 (79,1%) estudantes de medicina e por 149/200 (74,5%) estudantes de enfermagem. Entre os estudantes de medicina, 53 (20,9%) haviam sofrido 73 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente em atividades extracurriculares (33%), com objetos perfurocortantes (56,2%), na sala de emergĂȘncia (39,7%) em decorrĂȘncia de despreparo tĂ©cnico ou distração (54,8%). Entre os alunos de enfermagem, 27 (18,1%) tinham sofrido 37 acidentes, que ocorreram principalmente com agulhas ocas (67,6%), no centro cirĂșrgico ou enfermarias (72,2%) e em decorrĂȘncia de despreparo tĂ©cnico ou distração (62,1%). Entre os alunos de medicina e de enfermagem, respectivamente, 96,4% e 48% estavam insatisfeitos com as orientaçÔes prĂ©vias de prevenção de acidentes, 48% e 18% nem sempre utilizavam equipamentos de proteção individual, 67,6% e 16,8% reencapavam agulhas usadas, 83,8% e 85,2% nĂŁo tinham conhecimento sobre as condutas que devem ser adotadas apĂłs tais exposiçÔes, 97,2% e 85,9% desconheciam as condutas que devem ser adotadas em caso de contato com fluĂdos corporais de pacientes portadores de VIH, VHB e VHC e 1,4% e 18,9% relataram o acidente oficialmente. ConclusĂ”es: NĂłs observamos altas frequĂȘncias de acidentes ocupacionais entre os estudantes de medicina e de enfermagem, baixo nĂvel de conhecimento na prevenção e nas condutas pĂłs-acidente e a necessidade de treinamento estruturado nas precauçÔes padrĂŁo para prevenção de exposiçÔes ocupacionais
Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
NERC Knowledge Exchange Fellowship (NE/V018760/1) to E.N.H.C.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C haâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
Resumos concluĂdos - SaĂșde Coletiva
Resumos concluĂdos - SaĂșde Coletiv
Extraprensa. Cultura e comunicação na América Latina (Edição Especial sep 2019)
A revista Extraprensa Ă© um periĂłdico destinado Ă publicação da produção cientĂfica nas ĂĄreas da cultura e da comunicação no Brasil e AmĂ©rica Latina, abrangendo temas como a diversidade cultural, cidadania, expressĂ”es das culturas populares, artes, mĂdias alternativas, epistemologia e metodologia em cultura e comunicação
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Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
Abstract:
The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02â±â0.37âMgâCâhaâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected
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Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
Funder: A Moore Foundation grant, Royal Society Global Challenges grant (Sensitivity of Tropical Forest Ecosystem Services to Climate Changes), CNPq grants (441282/2016-4, 403764/2012-2 and 558244/2009-2), FAPEAM grants 1600/2006, 465/2010 and PPFOR 147/2015, CNPq grants 473308/2009-6 and 558320/2009-0. European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 291585 â âT-FORCESâ), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#1656 âRAINFORâ, and âMonANPeruâ), the European Unionâs Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme (EVK2-CT-1999-00023 â âCARBONSINK-LBAâ, 283080 â âGEOCARBONâ, 282664 â âAMAZALERT), the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/ D005590/1 â âTROBITâ, NE/F005806/1 â âAMAZONICAâ, E/M0022021/1 - âPPFORâ), several NERC Urgency and New Investigators Grants, the NERC/State of SĂŁo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) consortium grants âBIO-REDâ (NE/N012542/1), âECOFORâ (NE/K016431/1, 2012/51872-5, 2012/51509-8), âARBOLESâ (NE/S011811/1, FAPESP 2018/15001-6), âSEOSAWâ (NE/P008755/1), âSECOâ (NE/T01279X/1), Brazilian National Research Council (PELD/CNPq 403710/2012-0), the Royal Society (University Research Fellowships and Global challenges Awards) (ICA/R1/180100 - âFORAMAâ), the National Geographic Society, US National Science Foundation (DEB 1754647) and Colombiaâs Colciencias. We thank the National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) for support to the Cerrado/Amazonia Transition Long-Term Ecology Project (PELD/441244/2016-5), the PPBio Phytogeography of Amazonia/Cerrado Transition Project (CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0), PELD-RAS (CNPq, Process 441659/2016-0), RESFLORA (Process 420254/2018-8), Synergize (Process 442354/2019-3), the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa AgropecuĂĄria â Embrapa (SEG: 02.08.06.005.00), the Fundação de Amparo Ă Pesquisa do Estado de SĂŁo Paulo â FAPESP (2012/51509-8 and 2012/51872-5), the GoiĂĄs Research Foundation (FAPEG/PELD: 2017/10267000329) the EcoSpace Project (CNPq 459941/2014-3) and several PVE and Productivity Grants. We also thank the âInvestissement dâAvenirâ program (CEBA, ref. ANR-10LABX-25-01), the SĂŁo Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 03/12595-7) and the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil Project (through Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, USAID, and the US Department of State) for supporting plot inventories in the Atlantic Forest sites in Sao Paulo, Brazil. L.E.O.C.A. was supported by CNPq (processes 305054/2016-3 and 442371/2019-5). We thank to the National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for the financial support of the PELD project (441244/2016-5, 441572/2020-0) and FAPEMAT (0346321/2021). NE/B503384/1, NE/N012542/1 - âBIO-REDâ, ERC Advanced Grant 291585 - âT-FORCESâ, NE/F005806/1 - âAMAZONICAâ, NE/N004655/1 - âTREMORâ, NERC New Investigators Awards, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (âRAINFORâ, âMonANPeruâ), ERC Starter Grant 758873 -âTreeMortâ, EU Framework 6, a Royal Society University Research Fellowship, and a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship.The tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02 ± 0.37 Mg C haâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected
Recommended from our members
Sensitivity of South American tropical forests to an extreme climate anomaly
Funder: A Moore Foundation grant, Royal Society Global Challenges grant (Sensitivity of Tropical Forest Ecosystem Services to Climate Changes), CNPq grants (441282/2016-4, 403764/2012-2 and 558244/2009-2), FAPEAM grants 1600/2006, 465/2010 and PPFOR 147/2015, CNPq grants 473308/2009-6 and 558320/2009-0. European Research Council (ERC Advanced Grant 291585 - 'T-FORCES'), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (#1656 'RAINFOR', and 'MonANPeru'), the European Union's Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Framework Programme (EVK2-CT-1999-00023 - 'CARBONSINK-LBA', 283080 - 'GEOCARBON', 282664 - 'AMAZALERT), the Natural Environment Research Council (NE/ D005590/1 - 'TROBIT', NE/F005806/1 - 'AMAZONICA', E/M0022021/1 - 'PPFOR'), several NERC Urgency and New Investigators Grants, the NERC/State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) consortium grants 'BIO-RED' (NE/N012542/1), 'ECOFOR' (NE/K016431/1, 2012/51872-5, 2012/51509-8), 'ARBOLES' (NE/S011811/1, FAPESP 2018/15001-6), 'SEOSAW' (NE/P008755/1), 'SECO' (NE/T01279X/1), Brazilian National Research Council (PELD/CNPq 403710/2012-0), the Royal Society (University Research Fellowships and Global challenges Awards) (ICA/R1/180100 - 'FORAMA'), the National Geographic Society, US National Science Foundation (DEB 1754647) and Colombia's Colciencias. We thank the National Council for Science and Technology Development of Brazil (CNPq) for support to the Cerrado/Amazonia Transition Long-Term Ecology Project (PELD/441244/2016-5), the PPBio Phytogeography of Amazonia/Cerrado Transition Project (CNPq/PPBio/457602/2012-0), PELD-RAS (CNPq, Process 441659/2016-0), RESFLORA (Process 420254/2018-8), Synergize (Process 442354/2019-3), the Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria - Embrapa (SEG: 02.08.06.005.00), the Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP (2012/51509-8 and 2012/51872-5), the Goias Research Foundation (FAPEG/PELD: 2017/10267000329) the EcoSpace Project (CNPq 459941/2014-3) and several PVE and Productivity Grants. We also thank the "Investissement d'Avenir" program (CEBA, ref. ANR-10LABX-25-01), the Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP 03/12595-7) and the Sustainable Landscapes Brazil Project (through Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), the US Forest Service, USAID, and the US Department of State) for supporting plot inventories in the Atlantic Forest sites in Sao Paulo, Brazil. L.E.O.C.A. was supported by CNPq (processes 305054/2016-3 and 442371/2019-5). We thank to the National Council for Technological and Scientific Development (CNPq) for the financial support of the PELD project (441244/2016-5, 441572/2020-0) and FAPEMAT (0346321/2021). NE/B503384/1, NE/N012542/1 - 'BIO-RED', ERC Advanced Grant 291585 - 'T-FORCES', NE/F005806/1 - 'AMAZONICA', NE/N004655/1 - 'TREMOR', NERC New Investigators Awards, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation ('RAINFOR', 'MonANPeru'), ERC Starter Grant 758873 -'TreeMort', EU Framework 6, a Royal Society University Research Fellowship, and a Leverhulme Trust Research Fellowship.AbstractThe tropical forest carbon sink is known to be drought sensitive, but it is unclear which forests are the most vulnerable to extreme events. Forests with hotter and drier baseline conditions may be protected by prior adaptation, or more vulnerable because they operate closer to physiological limits. Here we report that forests in drier South American climates experienced the greatest impacts of the 2015â2016 El Niño, indicating greater vulnerability to extreme temperatures and drought. The long-term, ground-measured tree-by-tree responses of 123 forest plots across tropical South America show that the biomass carbon sink ceased during the event with carbon balance becoming indistinguishable from zero (â0.02â±â0.37âMgâCâhaâ1 per year). However, intact tropical South American forests overall were no more sensitive to the extreme 2015â2016 El Niño than to previous less intense events, remaining a key defence against climate change as long as they are protected.</jats:p