A socialização como parte integrante da refeição em creche e em jardim-de-infância

Mestrado em Educação Pré-EscolarA socialização é uma condição bastante importante do processo de desenvolvimento das crianças. Esta socialização dá-se em todos os momentos da rotina das crianças, nos contextos de creche e de jardim-de-infância, sendo que lhe tem sido conferida importância também no momento da comensalidade. O tema deste relatório final de mestrado incide neste importante momento da rotina diária, tendo em especial atenção o modo como as crianças se relacionam e convivem durante a refeição. Assim, este trabalho foi realizado com base na investigação-ação, utilizando uma metodologia qualitativa. Todo o trabalho envolvido neste relatório teve por base os estágios efetuados durante os dois semestres do Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar, sendo que se pretende descrever a convivencialidade durante hora da refeição de forma a que as crianças apreciem este momento.Socialization is a very important condition on children’s development. It is present in every moments of children’s routine, in the educational contexts of nursery school and kindergarten and its importance in the moment of commensality has been also highlighted. This master degree final report pretends to show and discuss how important is socialization between children at this essential moment of the daily routine. This work is based in action research, using a qualitative methodology. All the work involved in this report was based on the traineeships performed during the two school semesters of the Master Degree in Pre-School Education. This work aims to describe socialization between children at mealtime, making it an appreciated moment since nursery

FACTORES DESENCADENANTES Y ATENUANTES DE LA SOBRECARGA MATERNA EN EL ENTORNO HOSPITALARIO DURANTE LA HOSPITALIZACIÓN DEL NIÑO

Objetivo: identificar los factores que desencadenan y mitigan la sobrecarga a la que se enfrentan las madres de niños hospitalizados. Método: investigación descriptiva exploratoria con enfoque cualitativo. Los datos se recopilaron de julio a agosto de 2017, con una entrevista semiestructurada con siete madres acompañantes de niños hospitalizados en enfermería, en un hospital público de Campo Grande-MS. Los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis de contenido, generando dos categorías analíticas: factores que desencadenan la sobrecarga y factores que amenazan la sobrecarga materna. Resultados: la vida cotidiana exhaustiva, lugar de descanso inadecuado y factores emocionales como sentimientos de miedo y preocupación desencadenan sobrecarga materna. El apoyo de los familiares y de los profesionales de la salud alivia la sobrecarga de las madres. Conclusión: las madres enfrentan sobrecarga, ya quecentran sus fuerzas en el niño enfermo. Conocer la experiencia de las madres durante la hospitalización permite a las enfermeras identificar sus necesidades e incluirlas en su plan de cuidados, buscando realizar intervenciones para asistirla mejor.Objetivo: identificar fatores que desencadeiam e que amenizam a sobrecarga enfrentada pelas mães de crianças hospitalizadas.Método: pesquisa exploratória descritiva de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados foram coletados de julho a agosto de 2017, com entrevista semiestruturada com sete mães acompanhantes de crianças hospitalizadas em enfermaria, em um hospital público de Campo Grande-MS. Os dados foram analisados por análise de conteúdo, gerando duas categorias analíticas: fatores que desencadeiam a sobrecarga e fatores que amenizam a sobrecarga materna.Resultados: o cotidiano exaustivo, local de repouso inadequado e fatores emocionais como sentimentos de medo e preocupação desencadeiam sobrecarga materna. O apoio familiar e dos profissionais de saúde alivia a sobrecarga das mães.Conclusão: as mães enfrentam sobrecarga, pois centram suas forças na criança doente. Conhecer a experiência materna durante a hospitalização permite que o enfermeiro identifique suas necessidades e as inclua em seu plano de cuidado, buscando realizar intervenções para melhor assisti-la.Objective: to identify factors that trigger and mitigate the burden faced by mothers of hospitalized children.Method: exploratory descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Data were collected from July to August 2017, with semi-structured interviews with seven mothers accompanying children hospitalized in a ward in a public hospital in Campo Grande-MS. The data were analyzed by content analysis, generating two analytical categories: factors that trigger the overload and factors that mitigate maternal overload.Results: the exhausting daily life, inadequate resting place and emotional factors such as feelings of fear and worry trigger maternal overload. Family and health professionals support alleviates mothers’ burden.Conclusion: mothers face overload, as they focus their strength on the sick child. Knowing the maternal experience during hospitalization allows nurses to identify their needs and include them in their care plan, seeking to perform interventions to better assist them

A liderança das chefias intermédias da administração local

Mestrado em Administração e Gestão PúblicaAs mudanças que se verificam no seio da Administração Local implicam que os seus dirigentes desenvolvam um trabalho inovador na forma como conduzem as pessoas. Logo, é necessário aferir acerca das competências de liderança dos actuais dirigentes intermédios para fazer face à mutação dos procedimentos. Neste estudo, a abordagem ao tema da liderança inicia-se com uma pequena resenha histórica dos estilos de liderança. Posteriormente é abordado o tema da motivação, definindo o seu conceito, apresentando diversas teorias e explicitando as motivações extrínsecas, intrínsecas e transcendentes. É ainda considerada a adequação da proposta de Julian Le Grand sobre motivação nos serviços públicos ao novo paradigma da Administração Pública. Assim, a presente dissertação tem como objecto de estudo relacionar o estilo de liderança adoptado pelas chefias intermédias da Administração Local (pressupondo que é Transformacional) e a motivação dos seus subordinados. Os dados foram recolhidos através de questionários. Os resultados mostram que o estilo de liderança das chefias intermédias é transformacional existindo uma relação positiva entre esta e a motivação dos colaboradores. A promoção da aceitação de objectivos é a característica crucial para transmitir a missão da organização e motivar os colaboradores. Verificou-se, ainda, que os actuais líderes também possuem características da liderança transaccional e usam-na quando necessário. ABSTRACT: Changes in Local Administration ask for leaders who develop innovative work in how they lead people. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the intermediate managers’ leadership skills when facing procedures mutations. In this study, the approach on leadership begins with a small historical review of leadership styles. Afterwards, motivation is studied through the definition of its concept, presenting several theories and explaining extrinsic, intrinsic and transcendent types of motivation. Julian Le Grand’s approach on motivation in public services is also adapted to the new paradigm of Public Administration. Therefore, this dissertation’s main objective is to relate the leadership style of intermediate managers of Local Administration (assuming it is transformational) with the subordinates’ motivation. The data was collected through questionnaires. Results show that intermediate managers’ leadership style is transformational and there is a positive relationship between that and the collaborators motivations. The crucial feature on transmitting the organizations’ mission to motivate collaborators is the promotion of the acceptance of objectives. Actual leaders also develop a transactional leadership style and use it when necessary

HIV indeterminate serology in a Portuguese blood donor population – review of seven years

HIV indeterminate serology in a Portuguese blood donor population – review of seven years Fernanda Leite,1 Francisco Dias,1 Carla Ferreira,1 Adelina Marques,1 Fátima Oliveira,1 and Ana Mota1 1Clinical Haematology, Hospital Santo António, Porto, Portugal Corresponding author. Fernanda Leite: [email protected] Supplement 2006 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1742-4690-3-S1-info.pdf Conference 2006 International Meeting of The Institute of Human Virology 17–21 November 2006 Baltimore, USA Other Sections▼ Background Results Conclusion Background To study the meaning of HIV indeterminate serology (HIVi), evaluating the deferral criteria of HIV screening test, we looked for donors (D) whose blood donations (BD) were discarded for HIVi from 1/1/1999 till 31/12/2005. The test system of blood donations is Prism Abbott Anti-HIV 1/2; HIV supplemental test was New Lav-Blot I/II-Bio-Rad till 2002 and Inno-Lia™ HIV I/II-Innogenetics afterwards. We perform a NAT test in all single donation since 2000, detecting HIV-1 and HCV RNA; since 2/2004 we perform Procleix® Ultrio™ Assay. Grey zone (GZ) for HIV screening test means 20% inferior to the cutoff (ICO). D that have been deferred for HIV serology but didn't obey to these criteria were excluded. Results In seven years, we find in a body of 25 024 D, 145 with HIVi; 8 were excluded and 18 had no follow-up. 64 D showed a confirmed result and 55 D didn't confirm. 77 cases had the supplemental test negative, 52 showed an indeterminate pattern and one a positive pattern. This case became negative after 1 year of follow-up. None of D seroconverted. 50 cases of the indeterminate supplemental test have occurred before 2002. None of BD or D had a reactive NAT test. The ICO value showed a direct relation with the confirmation rate. Conclusion We found 0,58% indeterminate HIV donors, 41,6% in GZ ICO and 54% didin't confirm. ICO hadn't shown predictive value for HIV infection. A positive supplemental test in a low prevalence population may not correspond to HIV infection. Inno-Lia™ HIV I/II showed a specificity of 92,9% compared to 47,4% of New Lav-Blot I/II. GZ in anti-HIV test hasn't brought more security. There isn't HIV-1 infection without a NAT test reactive and we save 23,8% of HIVi donors. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Articles from Retrovirology are provided here courtesy of BioMed Centra

Age-related changes in mice behavior and the contribution of lipocalin-2

Aging causes considerable changes in the nervous system, inducing progressive and long-lasting loss of physiological integrity and synaptic plasticity, leading to impaired brain functioning. These age-related changes quite often culminate in behavioral dysfunctions, such as impaired cognition, which can ultimately result in various forms of neurodegenerative disorders. Still, little is known regarding the effects of aging on behavior. Moreover, the identification of factors involved in regenerative plasticity, in both the young and aged brain, is scarce but crucial from a regenerative point of view and for our understanding on the mechanisms that control the process of normal aging. Recently, we have identified the iron-trafficking protein lipocalin-2 (LCN2) as novel regulator of animal behavior and neuronal plasticity in the young adult brain. On the other hand, others have proposed LCN2 as a biological marker for disease progression in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Still, and even though LCN2 is well accepted as a regulator of neural processes in the healthy and diseased brain, its contribution in the process of normal aging is not known. Here, we performed a broad analysis on the effects of aging in mice behavior, from young adulthood to middle and late ages (2-, 12-, and 18-months of age), and in the absence of LCN2. Significant behavioral differences between aging groups were observed in all the dimensions analyzed and, in mice deficient in LCN2, aging mainly reduced anxiety, while sustained depressive-like behavior observed at younger ages. These behavioral changes imposed by age were further accompanied by a significant decrease in cell survival and neuronal differentiation at the hippocampus. Our results provide insights into the role of LCN2 in the neurobiological processes underlying brain function and behavior attributed to age-related changes

Educação Social e a “caça” aos corpos das “bruxas” no capitalismo contemporâneo: um diálogo filosófico crítico entre Adorno e Foucault

Esse artigo objetiva analisar, por meio de um diálogo crítico entre conceitos elaborados por Theodor W. Adorno e Michel Foucault, de que maneira os corpos das mulheres são capturados pelo capitalismo contemporâneo. Etiquetadas como “Bruxas” nas redes sociais, a publicidade e as propagandas gerenciadas pelos algoritmos mobilizam mecanismos de incitação à violência contra as mulheres, contra formas de existência e de manifestação de sua sexualidade. De modo idêntico perguntamos: quem são as bruxas e como é o modo como são tratados esses corpos na contemporaneidade? Os conceitos formulados por Adorno – “mentalidade do ticket”, “indústria cultural” e “semiformação” –, fornecem suporte para uma análise crítica que se alia à analítica que Foucault desenvolve para investigar o poder, o qual passa necessariamente pelo corpo, e trata do dispositivo disciplinar e do biopolítico, sobretudo nas formas de produção da sexualidade. Apresenta a educação social no sentido defendido por Adorno que tem como premissa para qualquer projeto educacional a pretensão emancipatória de que não se repita o genocídio e os horrores perpetrados nos campos de concentração nazistas também presentes de modo semelhante - ainda que com suas singularidades históricas - no fenômeno de caça às bruxas na Idade Média. Para tanto, por meio de uma pesquisa crítico-filosófica de tipo bibliográfica com abordagem qualitativo-conceitual, valemo-nos de um ponto de encontro metodológico a partir de um dos elementos da dialética negativa definido por Adorno como “prioridade do objeto”, em intersecção com o posicionamento de Foucault pela criação de dispositivos de investigação que analisem o poder

Validação da versão portuguesa do Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire de Marks (AQLQ-M)

AbstractQuality of Life is one of the leading evaluations in the diagnosis, therapy and investigation of patients with asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-M) designed by Marks in Australia. This questionnaire consists of 20 items describing the impact of asthma on patient’s lifestyle and covers 4 dimensions (breathlessness, mood, social limitation and worrying). After a process of translation, backtranslation, and a pretest, the Portuguese version of the AQLQ-M was administered to 82 adult asthmatics living in 3 different urban areas. The following data were also recorded: age, sex, main symptoms, duration of disease, hospital visits, severity of disease, and medication. All patients performed spirometry. The reliability study (internal consistency with Cronbach s alpha coefficient and inter-item correlation analysis) gave satisfactory results (range of r=0.58 to 0.94; a=0.91 to 0.97). Results for construct validity shown that the breathlessness dimension presented the largest number of significant correlations with the most important clinical variables of asthma. In conclusion, this study has shown that the Portuguese version of the AQLQ-M has good psychometric properties, and is suitable for use on individual patients with asthma in our country.Rev Port Pneumol 2005; XI (4): 351-36

Governança corporativa e valor da firma: um estudo de empresas brasileiras do setor elétrico

This research aimed to examine the effects of adopting corporate governance mechanisms on the market value of publicly traded companies of the Brazilian electric sector in the period 2008-2012. To that end, a governance quality index was constructed, using the Principal Component Analysis method, involving 12 variables representing the governance mechanisms recognized by the agency theory, based on works by Correia (2008) and Peixoto (2012). This index was used in the regressions with panel data, in association with Tobin's Q and MBA (market-to-book on assets). The results revealed a negative and significant relationship, which may be linked to the particularities of the electricity sector, or to the fact that the Brazilian capital market is underdeveloped, or even to the low level of liquidity of companies. Esta pesquisa pretendeu analisar os efeitos da adoção de mecanismos de governança corporativa pelas empresas de capital aberto do setor elétrico brasileiro sobre seu valor de mercado, no período de 2008 a 2012. Para tanto, construiu-se um índice de qualidade da governança, pelo método Análise de Componentes Principais, envolvendo 12 variáveis representativas dos mecanismos de governança reconhecidos pela Teoria de Agência, baseado nos trabalhos de Correia (2008) e Peixoto (2012). Tal índice foi utilizado nas regressões com dados em painéis, em associações com Q de Tobin e MBA (market-to-book sobre o ativo). Os resultados revelaram uma relação negativa e significativa, que pode estar associada às particularidades do setor elétrico, ao fato de o mercado de capitais brasileiro ser pouco desenvolvido, ou mesmo ao reduzido nível de liquidez das empresas. 

a nationwide Portuguese consensus

Introduction and objectives: We aimed to build a national consensus to optimize the use of oral corticosteroids (OCS) in severe asthma in Portugal. Material and methods: A modified 3-round Delphi including 65 statements (topics on chronic systemic corticotherapy, therapeutic schemes, asthma safety and monitoring) was performed via online platform (October-November 2019). A five-point Likert-type scale was used (1-‘strongly disagree’; 5-‘strongly agree’). Consensus threshold was established as a percentage of agreement among participants ≥90% in the 1st round and ≥85% in the 2nd and 3rd rounds. The level of consensus achieved by the panel was discussed with the participants (face-to-face meeting). Results: Forty-eight expert physicians in severe asthma (specialists in allergology and pulmonology) participated in the study. Almost half of the statements (28/65; 43.1%) obtained positive consensus by the end of round one. By the end of the exercise, 12 (18.5%) statements did not achieve consensus. Overall, 87% of physicians agree that further actions for OCS cumulative risk assessment in acute asthma exacerbations are needed. The vast majority (91.7%) demonstrated a favorable perception for using biological agents whenever patients are eligible. Most participants (95.8%) are more willing to accept some degree of lung function deterioration compared to other outcomes (worsening of symptoms, quality of life) when reducing OCS dose. Monitoring patients’ comorbidities was rated as imperative by all experts. Conclusions: : These results can guide an update on asthma management in Portugal and should be supplemented by studies on therapy access, patients’ adherence, and costs.publishersversionpublishe