Cone Beam Computed Tomography: a Tool to Evaluate Root Canal Preparations

Svrha: Ovim se istraživanjem željela, kod procjene instrumentacije korijenskih kanala, usporediti uporaba cone beam kompjutorizirane tomografije (CBCT) s metodom dvostruke superpozicije rendgenskih snimaka. Materijale i metode: Četrdeset meziobukalnih kanala ekstrahiranih prvih kutnjaka podijeljeno je u dvije skupine. U prvoj je 20 kanala procijenjeno metodom dvostruke superpozicije rendgenskih slika prije instrumentacije i nakon toga postupka, a u drugoj je na isti način procijenjeno također 20 kanala, ali CBCT-om. Rezultati: U prvoj je skupini kod 100 posto korijenskih kanala zabilježeno centriranje u koronalnoj i srednjoj trećini. Kod 75 posto korijenskih kanala centriranje je bilo u apikalnoj trećini. U drugoj skupini su bukolingvalna i meziolingvalna mjerenja pokazala centriranje u svim (100%) korijenskim kanalima u koronalnoj, srednjoj i apikalnoj trećini. Zaključak: Metoda dvostruke rendgenske superpozicije pokazala se kao ograničena jer je moguća samo dvodimenzionalna procjena korijenskog kanala. Metoda CBCT-om može se ponoviti i pokazala se kao točan i neinvazivan način procjene određenih aspekata instrumentacije korijenskih kanala, kao što je, primjerice, mogućnost centriranja.Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the use of the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the double radiographic superimposition method to evaluate root canal preparations. Material and methods: Forty mesiobuccal canals of extracted human mandibular first molars were divided into 2 groups. Group 1: 20 canals were evaluated with the double radiographic superimposition before and after instrumentation; Group 2: 20 canals were evaluated by CBCT before and after instrumentation. Results: In group 1, 100% of the root canals showed presence of centralization in the coronal and middle thirds. 75% of the root canals showed presence of centralization in the apical third. In group 2, in the buccolingual and mesiodistal measurements, the presence of centralization could be observed in 100% of the root canals in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Conclusion: The double radiographic superimposition technique showed limitations, only allowing a two-dimensional evaluation of the root canal. The CBCT imaging system used in this study provided a repeatable, accurate, and noninvasive method of evaluating certain aspects of endodontic instrumentation, such as the centering ability

Subjectivity in family care for the child with a stoma from the construction of his autonomy

Objective: To unveil the subjectivity present in family care for the child with a stoma, from the understanding of the construction of his autonomy. Method: A descriptive and exploratory study using a script of interviews with qualitative analysis with 07 mothers of children with a stoma. The place was a university pediatric hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The data collection took place from September to November 2011. Results: The interpretation of the speech was made through the Thematic Analysis. After categorization of the speeches, emerged the following category, the subjectivity of families in child care with a stoma. Conclusion: The experience of families facing a new reality imposed by the treatment makes reflections of sensations, which we consider as subjectivity. The maternal senses in relation to care and child development are based on subjectivity, in which are involved cultural nuances inherent in every being, becoming important the alliance of knowledge between professional and client

A Cultura da Cultura: O Sistema Agrícola Tradicional do Rio Negro/Amazônia/Brasil

In this article, compositions that permeate culture, in the sense of cultural practices of indigenous cultivation, more specifically of the Traditional Agricultural System of Rio Negro (SAT-RN) in the state of Amazonas, are presented through practical experiments and theoretical elements. The SAT-RN was recognized as a National Cultural Heritage by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 2010, covering the municipalities of Barcelos, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, encompassing the daily universe of approximately 80,000 people who are part of 23 indigenous ethnicities and their 19 languages. Through historical elements of formation and recognition of the SAT-RN, it seeks to emphasize how these socio-environmental cultivation practices can be notable alternatives, to combine the past in the present, to perhaps build a future, to (re)construct paradigms, as well as to highlight the demands and nuances in maintaining the culture of culture for the strengthening of Food and Nutritional Security and Agroecology. Thus, through bibliographic and documentary research, an attempt is made to present part of this complex universe of SAT-RN.En este artículo se presentan composiciones que impregnan la cultura, en el sentido de prácticas culturales de cultivo indígena, más específicamente del Sistema Agrícola Tradicional del Río Negro (SAT-RN) en el estado de Amazonas, a través de experimentos prácticos y elementos teóricos. El SAT-RN fue reconocido como Patrimonio Cultural Nacional por el Instituto del Patrimonio Histórico y Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) en 2010, cubriendo los municipios de Barcelos, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, abarcando el universo diario de aproximadamente 80,000 personas que forman parte de 23 etnias indígenas y sus 19 idiomas. A través de elementos históricos de formación y reconocimiento del SAT-RN, se busca enfatizar cómo estas prácticas de cultivo socioambiental pueden ser alternativas notables para combinar el pasado en el presente, quizás construir un futuro, (re)construir paradigmas, así como destacar las demandas y matices en el mantenimiento de la cultura de la cultura para el fortalecimiento de la Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional y la Agroecología. Por lo tanto, a través de la investigación bibliográfica y documental, se intenta presentar parte de este universo complejo del SAT-RN.Neste artigo são apresentados, através de experiências práticas e elementos teóricos, composições que permeiam a cultura, no sentido de práticas culturais do cultivar indígena, mais especificamente do Sistema Agrícola Tradicional do Rio Negro (SAT- RN), no estado do Amazonas. O SAT- RN foi reconhecido Patrimônio Cultural Nacional pelo Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN) em 2010, que abrangem os municípios de Barcelos, Santa Isabel do Rio Negro, São Gabriel da Cachoeira, compreendendo o universo cotidianos de aproximadamente 80 mil pessoas que integram 23 etnias indígenas, e suas 19 línguas. Através de elementos históricos de formação e reconhecimento do SAT-RN, busca-se ressaltar como essas práticas socioambientais de cultivo podem ser notórias alternativas, a conjugar o passado no presente, para quiçá construir um futuro, a (re)construir paradigmas, bem como destacar as demandas e nuances na manutenção da cultura da cultura para o fortalecimento da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional e Agroecologia. Assim, através das pesquisas bibliográfica e documental, busca-se apresentar parte desse universo complexo do SAT-RN

Potential biomarkers of major depression diagnosis and chronicity

Background Molecular biomarkers are promising tools to be routinely used in clinical psychiatry. Among psychiatric diseases, major depression disorder (MDD) has gotten attention due to its growing prevalence and morbidity. Methods We tested some peripheral molecular parameters such as serum mature Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (mBDNF), plasma C-Reactive Protein (CRP), serum cortisol (SC), and the salivary Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), as well as the Pittsburgh sleep quality inventory (PSQI), as part of a multibiomarker panel for potential use in MDD diagnosis and evaluation of disease's chronicity using regression models, and ROC curve. Results For diagnosis model, two groups were analyzed: Patients in the first episode of major depression (MD: n = 30) and a healthy control (CG: n = 32). None of those diagnosis models tested had greater power than Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-6. For MDD chronicity, a group of patients with treatment-resistant major depression (TRD: n = 28) was tested across the MD group. The best chronicity model (p < 0.05) that discriminated between MD and TRD included four parameters, namely PSQI, CAR, SC, and mBDNF (AUC ROC = 0.99), with 96% of sensitivity and 93% of specificity. Conclusion These results indicate that changes in specific biomarkers (CAR, SC, mBDNF and PSQI) have potential on the evaluation of MDD chronicity, but not for its diagnosis. Therefore, these findings can contribute for further studies aiming the development of a stronger model to be commercially available and used in psychiatry clinical practice

Pathophysiology of major depression by clinical stages

The comprehension of the pathophysiology of the major depressive disorder (MDD) is essential to the strengthening of precision psychiatry. In order to determine the relationship between the pathophysiology of the MDD and its clinical progression, analyzed by severity of the depressive symptoms and sleep quality, we conducted a study assessing different peripheral molecular biomarkers, including the levels of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum mature brain-derived neurotrophic factor (mBDNF), serum cortisol (SC), and salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), of patients with MDD (n = 58) and a control group of healthy volunteers (n = 62). Patients with the first episode of MDD (n = 30) had significantly higher levels of CAR and SC than controls (n = 32) and similar levels of mBDNF of controls. Patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD, n = 28) presented significantly lower levels of SC and CAR, and higher levels of mBDNF and CRP than controls (n = 30). An increased severity of depressive symptoms and worse sleep quality were correlated with levels low of SC and CAR, and with high levels of mBDNF. These results point out a strong relationship between the stages clinical of MDD and changes in a range of relevant biological markers. This can assist in the development of precision psychiatry and future research on the biological tests for depression

Changes in cortisol but not in brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulate the association between sleep disturbances and major depression

Sleep disturbance is a symptom consistently found in major depression and is associated with a longer course of illness, reduced response to treatment, increased risk of relapse and recurrence. Chronic insomnia has been associated with changes in cortisol and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which in turn are also changed in major depression. Here, we evaluated the relationship between sleep quality, salivary cortisol awakening response (CAR), and serum BDNF levels in patients with sleep disturbance and treatment-resistant major depression (n = 18), and in a control group of healthy subjects with good (n = 21) and poor (n = 18) sleep quality. We observed that the patients had the lowest CAR and sleep duration of all three groups and a higher latency to sleep than the healthy volunteers with a good sleep profile. Besides, low CAR was correlated with more severe depressive symptoms and worse sleep quality. There was no difference in serum BDNF levels between groups with distinct sleep quality. Taken together, our results showed a relationship between changes in CAR and in sleep quality in patients with treatment-resistant depression, which were correlated with the severity of disease, suggesting that cortisol could be a physiological link between sleep disturbance and major depression

Parental oral health literacy influences preschool children's utilization of dental services

Abstract: Parental behavior towards their children's oral health is strongly influenced by parent's Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level. This study evaluated the impact of parental OHL on preschool children's utilization of dental services. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of 419 children aged 3 to 5 years who answered a self-administered questionnaire about their perception of their children's oral health and whether their children had already been to a dental visit. Parental OHL level was assessed by the validated version of the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used for the data analysis (α = 0.05). Most children had already been to a dental visit (73%). Overall, 31.7% of the parents or guardians reported that their children had experienced dental pain or dental caries. Parental OHL level was classified by tercile as low, medium, and high. The final model showed independent associations between children who had already been to a dental visit and higher parental OHL level (PR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.00-1.35) when compared to the lowest OHL level, higher parental educational level (PR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.03–1.87) when compared to lower educational level, the report of children's pain and dental caries (PR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.09–1.36) and married parents or parents in a common-law marriage (PR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.03–1.93). The prevalence of children who had already been to a dental visit was higher among those parents with a higher OHL level when compared to those with a lower OHL level

Da sala de aula às aulas remotas: um percurso cognitivo-afetivo em época de pandemia/ From classroom to remote classes: a cognitive-affective journey in a time of pandemic

Este artigo de tema original surgiu a partir da reflexão acerca das novas relações de ensino impostas pela pandemia da Covid-19. Nesse estudo de caso, buscou-se apurar dados sobre o impacto decorrente no processo de aprendizagem dos alunos e nos desafios que o novo modelo de ensino, adotado na educação brasileira impingiu aos professores e pais. A problemática a ser respondida refere-se à possibilidade de manutenção em relação de afetividade no processo de cognição durante as aulas remotas. O presente questionamento pretende levantar dados a partir de pesquisa de campo que possibilitem dimensionar a questão, para que,de posse desses dados, seja elucidada a prática do ensino remoto, bem como seus avanços e desafios. O referido trabalho basear-se-á em pesquisa bibliográfica e estudo de caso, por meio de  trabalho de campo realizado em colégio da rede particular no município de Macaé, RJ. Desta forma, pode-se ler sobre os diversos aspectos que perpassam o processo de aprendizagem em uma dimensão cognitivo-afetiva. Com esse estudo, pretende-se ratificar que a aprendizagem é capaz de ocorrer no ambiente virtual de forma rica e significativa, oriunda do processo de plasticidade cerebral. A pesquisa será de cunho qualitativo e terá como referencial os teóricos Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky e Henri Wallo

Avaliação das diferentes unidades de fotoativação na microdureza das resinas injetáveis

A evolução das técnicas envolvendo a aplicação das resinas injetáveis e o impacto das diferentes unidades de fotoativação com diferentes intensidades de luz sobre a microdureza dos compósitos de resinas fluidas, vem promovendo grandes avanços na Odontologia. Porém, existem alguns desafios para que ela alcance todo seu potencial, como o grau inadequado de conversão e baixas propriedades mecânicas devido a uma polimerização ineficiente que pode resultar em falhas na restauração. Com isso, é necessária uma polimerização adequada, e a escolha da unidade de fotoativação utilizada pode influenciar. O objetivo desse estudo, consiste em avaliar as diferentes unidades de fotopolimerização, com diferentes intensidades de luz, na microdureza das resinas injetáveis. Foram selecionadas quatro unidades de fotoativação (Radii cal (SDI), Bluephase Style (Ivoclar Vivadent), Valo Grand (Ultradent) e o Poly Wireless (Kavo) e foram medidas suas intensidades de luz por um radiômetro. A resina composta injetável escolhida foi a Beautifil Flow Plus F00. Para o teste de microdureza Vickers, os corpos de prova foram preparados e polimerizados por 40s no total, e polidos com os discos Soflex em 3 granulações. Após 24h de armazenamento no seco e no escuro, foi realizada a leitura no microdurômetro. Ao todo, foram realizadas 60 leituras nos corpos de prova de acordo com os grupos experimentais. O único grupo que obteve uma diferença estatisticamente significante dos demais foi o grupo Valo Grand, onde os valores de microdureza foram maiores. As diferentes intensidades de luz influenciam na microdureza das resinas injetáveis, porém, este não é o único fator contribuinte

Patient-physician discordance in assessment of adherence to inhaled controller medication: a cross-sectional analysis of two cohorts

We aimed to compare patient's and physician's ratings of inhaled medication adherence and to identify predictors of patient-physician discordance.(SFRH/BPD/115169/2016) funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT); ERDF (European Regional Development Fund) through the operations: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029130 ('mINSPIRERS—mHealth to measure and improve adherence to medication in chronic obstructive respiratory diseases—generalisation and evaluation of gamification, peer support and advanced image processing technologies') cofunded by the COMPETE2020 (Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização), Portugal 2020 and by Portuguese Funds through FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio