Totemismo y ciencia.

Sin resume

Impact of the Information and Communication Technologies on the Education of Students with Down Syndrome: a Bibliometric Study (2008- 2018)

This article analyzes the impact of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on students with Down syndrome through the consult of scientific articles published during the 2008 to 2018 period, in five scientific journal databases utilized in the academic world. Through a descriptive and quantitative methodology, the most significant bibliometric data according to citation index is shown. Likewise, a methodology based on the analysis of co-words and clustering techniques is applied through a bibliometric maps, in order to determine the fields of scientific study. The results show that articles published have a medium-low index of impact. There are linked with the importance of using ICT with these students, from educational inclusion and accessibility perspective

Isolation and characterization of microorganisms capable of degrading drugs or resist to antibiotics from different natural samples

Motivation: There are commonly used drugs such as ibuprofen (IBU) or naproxen (NPX) discharged into the environment through sludge or wastewater effluent, and therefore are becoming emerging contaminants. Our goal is to isolate microorganisms capable of degrading drugs or that are resistant to antibiotics for hospital use as norfloxacin (NFX). The characterization of these microorganisms will give us information to degrade these drugs prior to discharge to the environment and to combat the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens.Methods: Searching microorganisms is carried out by conjugation transferring one metagenoteca obtained from a compost heap to a receptor, and those who are capable of using the drug as sole carbon source or resist to a given antibiotic are selected.In addition, drug-degrading microorganisms were also sought in a sample of vegetable water.Drugs we used like carbon sources are Ibuprofen (IBU), naproxen (NPX) Clofibric acid (CLF), diclofenac (DFC), carbamazepine (CBZ), ethinyl estradiol (EE2) and propranolol (PRO)Antibiotics we used are norfloxacin (NFX), ofloxacin (OFX), colistin (COL) and ceftriaxone (CFX).Results: In search of microorganisms from the sample of vegetable water any microorganism of interest it is not obtained.In the search for microorganisms from the conjugation, we obtained a degrading microorganism NPX. This microorganism is capable of growing on a minimal medium (MM) using NPX as sole carbon source. We have also obtained from the conjugation CFX resistant transconjugant. This microorganism is capable of growing in a medium with a given concentration of CFXConclusions: 1) If NPX degrading microorganism is valid, it can be used to degrade contaminants with a structure similar to NPX before pouring the environment.2) Find antibiotic-resistant microorganisms is of great interest because acquired resistance is increasingly common. If we find a microorganism having resistance to an antibiotic and study their metabolic pathways, we can modify the structure of the antibiotic to kill the acquired resistance

Indigenismo y educación de los indígenas rurales serranos en el Ecuador (1925-1948)

Se sabe que el indigenismo, en tanto corriente de pensamiento e ideas acerca de los indígenas, hizo acto de presencia al poco tiempo de que los españoles llegaran a América. Al primer indigenismo, de fundamento lascasiano o “paternalista”; le sucedieron sucesivamente una serie de “otros”, que en elmarco de determinadas condiciones políticas, económicas, sociales e ideológicas se encargaron de legitimar “regímenes de verdad” en torno al cuerpo, mente y espíritu de los indígenas. Este trabajo se interesa por mostrar la relación entre el pensamiento indigenista que se armó entre 1925 y 1948 con la educación que el Estado ecuatoriano, a través de destacados pedagogos indigenistas, propusieron para los indígenas. Se pregunta entonces acerca de la manera cómo el indigenismo inspiró el programa educativo de la educación rural, acerca del papel que jugaron los indigenistas en su construcción y sobre los propósitos que guiaron la educación rural, que se la pensó colmada de “espíritu indígena”

La escuela activa y la cuestión social en el Ecuador: dos propuestas de reforma educativa, 1930-1940 (Estudios)

Entre 1925 Y 1947, el sistema educativo ecuatoriano experimentó la influencia de la ""escuela nueva"", una tendencia pedagógica que surgió en Estados Unidos yen algunos países europeos a finales del siglo XIX. Este artículo analiza cómo los dispositivos pedagógicos desarrollados por esta tendencia, sirvieron para que se pusiera en marcha un proyecto político y social asociado al higienismo, la regeneración racial, la modernización y la homogeneización cultural. Con este propósito, se analizan dos textos producidos en esos años: la conferencia pronunciada por el pedagogo Leonidas García en el Congreso de Educación Primaria y Normal del Ecuador, realizado en mayo de 1930, y un ensayo de Vicente Andrade, de 1942, sobre la incorporación de la escuela rural a la cultura nacional. Ambos textos ilustran las perspectivas que se tenían sobre los problemas educativos del Ecuador.Between 1925 and 1947 the Ecuadorian system of education experienced the influence of the ""active school"", a pedagogical approach that arose in the United States and other European countries at the end of the nineteenth century. The article analyses the manner in which the pedagogic tools developed by this approach served to set in motion a social and political project associated with hygienization, racial re-generation, modernization and cultural homogenization. To this end, the article analyses two texts from the period: a lecture delivered by the pedagogue Leonidas Garcia in the National Congress of Educación Primaria y Normalista, in May 1930, and an essay by Vicente Andrade written in 1942, on the incorporation of rural schools into the national culture. Both texts illustrate the perspectives on educational problems in Ecuador

Bioimpedance real-time charazterization of neointimal tissue inside stents

It is hereby presented a new approach to monitor restenosis in arteries fitted with a stent during an angioplasty. The growth of neointimal tissue is followed up by measuring its bioimpedance with Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Besides, a mathematical model is derived to analytically describe the neointima’s histological composition from its bioimpedance. The model is validated by finite-element analysis (FEA) with COMSOL Multiphysics®. Satisfactory correlation between the analytical model and the FEA simulation is achieved for most of the characterization range, detecting some deviations introduced by the thin "double layer" that separates the neointima and the blood. It is shown how to apply conformal transformations to obtain bioimpedance models for stack-layered tissues over coplanar electrodes. Particularly, this is applied to characterize the neointima in real-time. This technique is either suitable as a main mechanism of restenosis follow-up or it can be combined with proposed blood-pressure-measuring intelligent stents to auto-calibrate the sensibility loss caused by the adherence of the tissue on the micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS).Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain): projects TEC2013-46242-C3-1-PMinisterio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (Spain): projects TEC2013-46242-C3-2-

In Defense of Posthuman Vulnerability

We are indebted to Michael Hauskeller for his helpful remarks on a previous version of the manuscript. We also thank the comments made by Txetxu Ausin, Janet Delgado, Pablo Garcia-Barranquero, Francisco Lara, David Martin, Daniel Rueda, and the two anonymous reviewers of Scientia et Fides. Belen Liedo thanks the funding of the Spanish Ministry of Universities for the Training of University Professors (FPU), grant number: FPU19/06027. Jon Rueda thanks the funding of an INPhINIT Retaining Fellowship of the La Caixa Foundation (grant number LCF/BQ/DR20/11790005).Transhumanism is a challenging movement that invites us to rethink what defines humanity, including what we value and regret the most about our existence. Vulnerability is a key concept that require thorough philosophical scrutiny concerning transhumanist proposals. Vulnerability can refer to a universal condition of human life (ontological vulnerability) or, rather, to the specific exposure to certain harms due to particular situations (social vulnerability). Even if we are all vulnerable in the first sense, there are also different sources and levels of vulnerability depending on concrete social circumstances. Recently, Michael Hauskeller (2019) argued about a fundamental incompatibility between transhumanism and vulnerability. He understands vulnerability as an existential category, linked to woundability and mortality. This idea is akin to ontological vulnerability, but it does not notice some important features of social vulnerability. On the other side, transhumanism is a complex and non-homogeneous movement. Here we distinguish between a strong and a weak version of transhumanism. We will propose that the salience of vulnerability is only diminished in the radical one, while a moderate version can reconcile vulnerability with human enhancement. Thus, vulnerability, a concept that has recently gained much importance as an anthropological category in contemporary ethics, is not necessarily at odds with any transhumanist project.Spanish Ministry of Universities for the Training of University Professors (FPU) FPU19/06027INPhINIT Retaining Fellowship of the La Caixa Foundation LCF/BQ/DR20/1179000

Identification of polymers in waste tyre reinforcing fibre by thermal analysis and pyrolysis

The composition of the reinforcing fibre obtained from the recycling of scrap tyres was analyzed with a view to finding the most suitable applications for it. The material (RF) was separated into two different parts i.e. fibre (F) and microfibre (MF) to ensure the maximum homogeneity of the material under study. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) together with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to identify the polymers present in the waste and to determine in what proportions they were present. Determination of the temperatures of maximum volatile matter evolution (Tmax), the yield at the end of the pyrolysis and the melting temperatures yielded very useful results for the identification of the polymers. In order to confirm the results obtained, pyrolysis of the pure polymers was carried out and the decomposition products were analyzed. The results were then compared with the oil composition data derived from the pyrolysis of the waste fibres. Our results showed the presence of two polyamides, rayon, polyester and aramid.The research leading to these results has received funding from theSpanish MICINN Project reference CTM2009-10227. BA thanks the Government of the Principado de Asturias for the award of a predoctoral grant with funds from PCTI-AsturiasPeer reviewe

Organic matter content influence on soil phy-sical properties

[Abstract] Soil physical characteristics of agricultural soils with a range of texture and organic matter content, i. e., dry and wet pore space organisation, were investigated. In order to study the specific effect of organic matter for each soil, frequently both grassland and cultivated adjacent land were sampled. Because of the complexity of the soil particle structure, measurements were performed at the textural level on 2-3 mm aggregates. The compactness of grassland horizons was found to be lower than that of its cultivated counterparts. Mercury intrusion porosimetry showed that lacunar pores prevailed, whose volume increased as organic carbon content increased. The volume of clay-fabric pores was very small and did not appear to depend on the variation in organic matter content. Water content near saturation increased with increasing organic matter content and for potentials of about 1,500 kPa water retention curves tended to converge. Pore size distribution patterns as measured mercury intrusion porosimetry and derivedfrom water retention characteristics were compared. The low shrinkage potential of moderately coarse and medium textured soils was also verified. A lack of potential for regeneration of good soil structure by fragmentation was deduced from the shrinkage curves

Are primary education teachers trained for the use of the technology with disabled students?

Incorporating information and communication technology (ICT) in inclusive class‑ rooms requires competent teachers, both technological and pedagogical. To contrast these theoretical assumptions, this study aims to identify the level of training and technical knowledge of primary school teachers in Spain regarding the use of ICTs for supporting students with special needs. The research methodology used was a mixed research design (quantitative and qualitative method), analysing 777 questionnaires supplied to primary school teachers and 723 interviews conducted with key inform‑ ants (members of management teams, ICT coordinators, directors and technological advisors of teacher training centres). The results informed teachers’ knowledge about ICT and disability and barriers or obstacles to their training. Among the conclusions, teachers’ inadequate training regarding ICTs for students with special needs stands out and the lack of training experiences in this feld