Spin dynamics of current driven single magnetic adatoms and molecules

A scanning tunneling microscope can probe the inelastic spin excitations of a single magnetic atom in a surface via spin-flip assisted tunneling in which transport electrons exchange spin and energy with the atomic spin. If the inelastic transport time, defined as the average time elapsed between two inelastic spin flip events, is shorter than the atom spin relaxation time, the STM current can drive the spin out of equilibrium. Here we model this process using rate equations and a model Hamiltonian that describes successfully spin flip assisted tunneling experiments, including a single Mn atom, a Mn dimer and Fe Phthalocyanine molecules. When the STM current is not spin polarized, the non-equilibrium spin dynamics of the magnetic atom results in non-monotonic $dI/dV$ curves. In the case of spin polarized STM current, the spin orientation of the magnetic atom can be controlled parallel or anti-parallel to the magnetic moment of the tip. Thus, spin polarized STM tips can be used both to probe and to control the magnetic moment of a single atom.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure

Storage of classical information in quantum spins

Digital magnetic recording is based on the storage of a bit of information in the orientation of a magnetic system with two stable ground states. Here we address two fundamental problems that arise when this is done on a quantized spin: quantum spin tunneling and back-action of the readout process. We show that fundamental differences exist between integer and semi-integer spins when it comes to both, read and record classical information in a quantized spin. Our findings imply fundamental limits to the miniaturization of magnetic bits and are relevant to recent experiments where spin polarized scanning tunneling microscope reads and records a classical bit in the spin orientation of a single magnetic atom

Squeezed States and Helmholtz Spectra

The 'classical interpretation' of the wave function psi(x) reveals an interesting operational aspect of the Helmholtz spectra. It is shown that the traditional Sturm-Liouville problem contains the simplest key to predict the squeezing effect for charged particle states.Comment: 10 pages, Latex, 3 gzip-compressed figures in figh.tar.g

Age-structure, growth and reproduction of the introduced pumpkinseed (lepomis gibbosa, l. 1758) in a tributary of the Guadalquivir river (southern Spain)

The age structure, growth and reproduction of Lepomis gibbosa (L. 1758) (= L. gibbosus) was studied from March 1993 to September 1994 in a tributary stream of the Guadalquivir River. The maximum age observed was 5+ years both in males and females. In the O+ group, seasonal growth began in February and lasted 8 months. Males and females matured during their second year of life (l+). There were no significant differences in the overall sex-ratio, which was 1: 1.1 (677 males to 745 females). Reproductive activity started in MarcWApril and lasted until AugusUSeptember. During this period, females spawned 2 batches of eggs. The relationship between fecundity (F) and fork length (&, mm) was: F=5.09 % 279 (1993) and F=85.81 L, ' 56 (1994). The maximum contribution to the fecundity of the population was observed in the 4+ female group. The reproductive effort was maximun in the 3+ group. Compared with the American pumpkinseed populations that have been studied, the lifehistory patterns of this stock are characterized by low annual growth, early maturity, reduced longevity and low fecundity

On Weierstra{\ss} semigroups at one and two points and their corresponding Poincar\'e series

The aim of this paper is to introduce and investigate the Poincar\'e series associated with the Weierstra{\ss} semigroup of one and two rational points at a (not necessarily irreducible) non-singular projective algebraic curve defined over a finite field, as well as to describe their functional equations in the case of an affine complete intersection.Comment: Beginning of Section 3 and Subsection 3.1 were modifie

Edad y crecimiento de Barbus graellsii Steindachner, 1866 y Chondrostoma miegii, Steindachner, 1866 (Pisces, Cyprinidae) en el río Cinca (cuenca hidrográfica del Ebro, NE España)

The age and growth of two endemic cyprinids from the lberian peninsula were studied for one year in a stretch of the Cinca River. There were caught by electrofishing 279 individuals of B. graellsii and 189 individuals of Ch. miegii. lmmature specimens of both species were not caught probably due to their migratory behaviour during the reproductive period. B. graellsii presented a maximum of 11 age classes in both sexes. Female Ch. miegii live for 8 years and males seven years. Growth was allometric in B. graellsii specimens whereas Ch. miegii showed isometric growth. Females were longer than males in both species. B. graellsii females showed higher growth rates than males whereas Ch. miegii showed similar growth rates between sexes. B. graellsii males showed a significant increase in condition before the reproductive period and a decrease in condition during this period, while females only showed a significant decrease in condition in July. Ch. miegii females presented dynamics of condition very similar to B. graellsii males. Key words: Age, Growth, Cyprinidae, Barbus graellsii, Chondrostoma miegii.The age and growth of two endemic cyprinids from the lberian peninsula were studied for one year in a stretch of the Cinca River. There were caught by electrofishing 279 individuals of B. graellsii and 189 individuals of Ch. miegii. lmmature specimens of both species were not caught probably due to their migratory behaviour during the reproductive period. B. graellsii presented a maximum of 11 age classes in both sexes. Female Ch. miegii live for 8 years and males seven years. Growth was allometric in B. graellsii specimens whereas Ch. miegii showed isometric growth. Females were longer than males in both species. B. graellsii females showed higher growth rates than males whereas Ch. miegii showed similar growth rates between sexes. B. graellsii males showed a significant increase in condition before the reproductive period and a decrease in condition during this period, while females only showed a significant decrease in condition in July. Ch. miegii females presented dynamics of condition very similar to B. graellsii males. Key words: Age, Growth, Cyprinidae, Barbus graellsii, Chondrostoma miegii.The age and growth of two endemic cyprinids from the lberian peninsula were studied for one year in a stretch of the Cinca River. There were caught by electrofishing 279 individuals of B. graellsii and 189 individuals of Ch. miegii. lmmature specimens of both species were not caught probably due to their migratory behaviour during the reproductive period. B. graellsii presented a maximum of 11 age classes in both sexes. Female Ch. miegii live for 8 years and males seven years. Growth was allometric in B. graellsii specimens whereas Ch. miegii showed isometric growth. Females were longer than males in both species. B. graellsii females showed higher growth rates than males whereas Ch. miegii showed similar growth rates between sexes. B. graellsii males showed a significant increase in condition before the reproductive period and a decrease in condition during this period, while females only showed a significant decrease in condition in July. Ch. miegii females presented dynamics of condition very similar to B. graellsii males. Key words: Age, Growth, Cyprinidae, Barbus graellsii, Chondrostoma miegii

Alarm-Based Prescriptive Process Monitoring

Predictive process monitoring is concerned with the analysis of events produced during the execution of a process in order to predict the future state of ongoing cases thereof. Existing techniques in this field are able to predict, at each step of a case, the likelihood that the case will end up in an undesired outcome. These techniques, however, do not take into account what process workers may do with the generated predictions in order to decrease the likelihood of undesired outcomes. This paper proposes a framework for prescriptive process monitoring, which extends predictive process monitoring approaches with the concepts of alarms, interventions, compensations, and mitigation effects. The framework incorporates a parameterized cost model to assess the cost-benefit tradeoffs of applying prescriptive process monitoring in a given setting. The paper also outlines an approach to optimize the generation of alarms given a dataset and a set of cost model parameters. The proposed approach is empirically evaluated using a range of real-life event logs

Análisis de los factores genéticos y ambientales con influencia en la circunferencia escrotal en el vacuno de carne de Raza Retinta

De los caracteres del vacuno de carne, los relacionados con la eficiencia reproductiva han sido considerados de una importancia fundamental. Dentro de éstos, cabe destacar la CE, parámetro correlacionado positivamente con las características cualitativas y cuantitativas del semen, asl como asociado a parámetros reproductivos en hembras (precocidad sexual y fertilidad). En este trabaja se ha estudiado la CE desde distintos aspectos como los factores ambientales que le influyen, su evolución a lo largo del tiempo, el cálculo del parámetro genético de la heredabilidad y las relaciones con otras variables como el peso vivo del animal. Para ello, se realizaron 1.020 mediciones en 281 animales pertenencientes a 20 ganaderías del núcleo de Control del plan de mejora de esta raza. la media obtenida para la circunferencia escrotal fue de 30,66 ± 0, 166 (CV. = 17,3%)y 34,38 ± 0, 140 (C.V.= 9, 1%) para an ima les de un año de edad, y la heredabilidad estimada para este carácter de 0,36. El peso vivo, y en segundo lugar la edad, fueron las dos variables con mayor influencia en la circunferencia escrotal en esta raza. Otros factores ambientales a tener en cuenta en los análisis genéticos de esta variable son la ganadería y año -estación de medida-, cuyo efecto se ha mostrado altamente significativo. Así si bien la curva de crecimiento de la CE que mejor se ajusta al intervalo de crecimiento analizado fue la logistítica 2, a efectos prácticos de tipificac ión al año, consideramos que la curva polinómica de segundo grado da un ajuste equivalente, permitienndo una mayor simplificación de los cálculos necesarios para su aplicación en un plan de mejora

The cosmic evolution of the spatially-resolved star formation rate and stellar mass of the CALIFA survey

We investigate the cosmic evolution of the absolute and specific star formation rate (SFR, sSFR) of galaxies as derived from a spatially-resolved study of the stellar populations in a set of 366 nearby galaxies from the CALIFA survey. The analysis combines GALEX and SDSS images with the 4000 break, H_beta, and [MgFe] indices measured from the datacubes, to constrain parametric models for the SFH, which are then used to study the cosmic evolution of the star formation rate density (SFRD), the sSFR, the main sequence of star formation (MSSF), and the stellar mass density (SMD). A delayed-tau model, provides the best results, in good agreement with those obtained from cosmological surveys. Our main results from this model are: a) The time since the onset of the star formation is larger in the inner regions than in the outer ones, while tau is similar or smaller in the inner than in the outer regions. b) The sSFR declines rapidly as the Universe evolves, and faster for early than for late type galaxies, and for the inner than for the outer regions of galaxies. c) SFRD and SMD agree well with results from cosmological surveys. At z< 0.5, most star formation takes place in the outer regions of late spiral galaxies, while at z>2 the inner regions of the progenitors of the current E and S0 are the major contributors to SFRD. d) The inner regions of galaxies are the major contributor to SMD at z> 0.5, growing their mass faster than the outer regions, with a lookback time at 50% SMD of 9 and 6 Gyr for the inner and outer regions. e) The MSSF follows a power-law at high redshift, with the slope evolving with time, but always being sub-linear. f) In agreement with galaxy surveys at different redshifts, the average SFH of CALIFA galaxies indicates that galaxies grow their mass mainly in a mode that is well represented by a delayed-tau model, with the peak at z~2 and an e-folding time of 3.9 Gyr.Comment: 23 pages, 16 figures, 6 tables, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. *Abridged abstract