Van der Waals spin valves

We propose spin valves where a 2D non-magnetic conductor is intercalated between two ferromagnetic insulating layers. In this setup, the relative orientation of the magnetizations of the insulating layers can have a strong impact on the in-plane conductivity of the 2D conductor. We first show this for a graphene bilayer, described with a tight-binding model, placed between two ferromagnetic insulators. In the anti-parallel configuration, a band gap opens at the Dirac point, whereas in the parallel configuration, the graphene bilayer remains conducting. We then compute the electronic structure of graphene bilayer placed between two monolayers of the ferromagnetic insulator CrI$_3$, using density functional theory. Consistent with the model, we find that a gap opens at the Dirac point only in the antiparallel configuration.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Características palinológicas del Cretácico Superior y del tránsito Cretácico-Terciario en los Pirineos Sur-Centrales

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

Equipment and procedures for ON-SITE testing of PV plants and BIPV

Actual system performance of a PV system can differ from its expected behaviour.. This is the main reason why the performance of PV systems should be monitored, analyzed and, if needed, improved on. Some of the current testing procedures relating to the electrical behaviour of PV systems are appropriated for detecting electrical performance losses, but they are not well-suited to reveal hidden defects in the modules of PV plants and BIPV, which can lead to future losses. This paper reports on the tests and procedures used to evaluate the performance of PV systems, and especially on a novel procedure for quick on-site measurements and defect recognition caused by overheating in PV modules located in operating PV installations

Immunoexpression of E-cadherin and Vimentin in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Epithelial Displasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Indexación: Web of Science; Scopus; Scielo.El objetivo fue evaluar la inmunoexpresión de E-cadherina y Vimentina en mucosa oral normal (MON), displasia epitelial oral (DEO) y carcinoma oral de células escamosas (COCE). Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de una serie de casos analizandolos mediante técnica de inmunohistoquímica contra E-cadherina y Vimentina 16 muestras de MON, 16 de DEO y 19 de COCE. La inmunotinción fue evaluada cualitativamente considerando extensión e intensidad para E-cadherina e intensidad para Vimentina. El análisis de la extensión e intensidad de la inmunotinción de E-cadherina y Vimentina según diagnóstico reveló una asociación estadísticamente significativa (p<0,001). Siendo la expresión de E-cadherina más alta en MON, seguido por DEO y más baja en COCE, inversamente a lo que se observó con Vimentina. El presente estudio reveló la subregulación del marcador molecular E-cadherina junto con la expresión aberrante por parte de células epiteliales del marcador mesenquimal Vimentina en muestras de MON, DEO y COCE.The aim was to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), in comparison with normal oral mucosa (NOM) in a descriptive case study using immunohistochemistry. A total of fifty-one (N=51) histological samples were included; as follows: n = 16 (NOM), n = 16 (OED) and n = 19 (OSCC). All samples were analyzed using immunohistochemistry against the expression of E-cadherin and Vimentin. Immunostaining was qualitatively evaluated by extent and intensity of its expression for E-cadherin and intensity for Vimentin. Extension and intensity analysis of E-cadherin and Vimentin immunostaining according to group revealed a statistically significant association (r<0.001). E-cadherin expression was found to be highest in NOM followed by OED and lowest in OSCC, inverse to what was observed with Vimentin. The present study revealed the down regulation of the molecular marker E-cadherin, suggestive of reduction in dysplastic cells on comparison to NOM cells, and aberrant expression of the mesenchymal marker Vimentin by epithelial cells in samples of NOM, OED and OSCC; questioning their value as a prognostic marker.http://ref.scielo.org/pk8s6

Self-aware trader: a new approach to safer trading

Traders are required to work in the financial market with highly complex information and to perform efficiently under high levels of psychological pressure. Multiple disciplines, from programs with artificial intelligence to complex mathematical functions, are used to help traders in their effort to maximize profits. However, an essential problem not yet considered in this rapidly evolving environment is that traders are not supported to adequately manage how stress influences their decisions. This paper takes into consideration the negative influences of stress on individuals and proposes a system designed to support traders by providing them with information that can reduce the likelihood of poor decision-making. The system has been designed considering both technical and physiological aspects to make information available in a suitable way. Biometric sensors are used to collect data associated with stress, a software platform then analyses this information and displays it to the trader. The resulting system is capable of making individual traders, as well as teams of traders, self-aware of their levels of stress. The system has been tested in real environments and the results provide evidence that self-aware traders benefit from the system by reducing risky decision-making

Influence of the context in the quality of the clinical interview in physiotherapy

[Resumen] La calidad es un tema que está de actualidad no sólo en su vertiente científico técnica, sino también en el aspecto de las relaciones humanas. Si bien es un asunto muy abordado en varias profesiones sanitarias, pocos estudios se han realizado en este sentido en el ámbito de la Fisioterapia. Sin embargo, se ha encontrado que la relación del fisioterapeuta con el paciente es susceptible de mejora. Dicha relación se inicia en la entrevista clínica y ésta a su vez está enmarcada en un contexto o entorno que debe ser favorable para su desarrollo. Dentro del contexto se ha de prestar atención a la imagen del profesional, proxémica o distribución del espacio, lenguaje corporal (gestos y posturas) y componentes paralingüísticos. Se persigue con la atención a los componentes enunciados la facilitación de la comunicación y con ello una mejora en la entrevista clínica.[Abstract] The quality of medical care has been given increased attention in recent years, not only in its scientific and technical version but in the human relationships. Doctors have focused on the latter aspect but few studies have been done in this area about physiotherapists communications and relationships. The results point out that communications and relationships between physiotherapists and patients can be improved. This relationship begins in the clinical interview which is framed in a context or environment That has to be favourable for its development. Inside the context it is necessary to pay attention to the professional image, room distribution, body language and paralinguistic. The aim of the focus on these components is to make easier the clinical interview, and finally an improvement of the clinical interview

The false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans modifies the level of phenylpropanoid compounds during infection of chilli pepper

[SPA] En este trabajo, algunos metabolitos fenilpropanoide en plantas de chile CM334 infectadas por el nemátodo falso agallador Nacobbus aberrans fueron determinados. Las raíces fueron químicamente analizadas para su contenido de lignina y perfil de fenilpropanoides mediante un ensayo cuantitativo de lignina y HPLC-ESI/MS. El efecto in vitro de flavonoides en larvas juveniles (J2) de N. aberrans y Meloidogyne incognita también fue probado. El contenido de lignina fue similar en todos los tratamientos, excepto cuando M. incognita estuvo involucrado (P<0.05). Ácidos fenólicos (hidroxibenzoico –pHBA-, gálico, caféico, siríngico, ferúlico, vanílico y clorogénico) y el flavonoid quercetin-3-rutinósido fueron encontrados en el sistema radical. La concentración de los ácidos pHBA, ferúlico y clorogénico fue menor en las plantas inoculadas en comparación con el control (P<0.05) en cualquier tiempo de muestreo. El compuesto quercetin-3-rutinósido tuvo un efecto nematicida en larvas de N. aberrans, mientras que éste solamente tuvo un efecto nematostático en M. incognita. Estos resultados indican que N. aberrans modifica el nivel de compuestos fenilpropanoides durante la infección de chile. [ENG] In this work, some phenylpropanoid metabolites in CM334 chilli pepper plants infected by the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans were determined. Roots were chemically analyzed for their lignin content and phenylpropanoid profile by quantitative lignin assay and HPLC-ESI/MS. The in vitro effect of flavonoids on second-stage juveniles (J2) of N. aberrans and Meloidogyne incognita was also tested. The lignin content was similar in all treatments excepting when M. incognita was involved (P<0.05). Phenolic acids (Hidroxibenzoic -pHBA-, gallic, caffeic, syringic, ferulic, vanillic and chlorogenic) and the flavonoid quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were found in the root system. Concentration of pHBA, ferulic and chlorogenic acids was lower in inoculated plants than in the control (P<0.05) at any sampling date. Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside had a nematocidal effect on J2 of N. aberrans, whereas it only had a nemastatic effect on M. incognita. These results indicate that N. aberrans modifies the level of phenylpropanoid compounds during the infection of chilli pepper.Our thanks go to Dirección General Académica of Universidad Autónoma Chapingo for the financial support for participate in WiA2016. Thanks are due to CONACYT for financial support of the Research Project 46331-Z

Changes in the phenylpropanoid metabolism induced by Nacobbus aberrans in chilli pepper CM334 resitant to Phytophthora capsici

[SPA] La línea endogámica de chile Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334I es resistente a Phytophthora capsici Leonian, pero Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, 1944 podría romper su resistencia en plantas previamente infectadas por el nemátodo. Éste fenómeno es conocido como “ruptura de la resistencia”. La resistencia de las plantas de chile CM334 ha sido asociada con la ruta de los fenilpropanoides. Tanto los ácidos fenólicos como los flavonoides son metabolitos sintetizados a través de esa ruta metabólica y juegan importantes funciones en la interacción planta-patógeno. El objetivo de esta tesis doctoral será determinar qué cambios son inducidos por N. aberrans en la ruta fenilpropanoide que podrían convertir al tejido resistente en un substrato favorable para el establecimiento de P. capscici. Los cambios inducidos por N. aberrans en la actividad de la L-fenil alanina amonio liasa, el contenido total de fenoles solubles totales, el establecimiento de un perfil y la caracterización de ácidos fenólicos solubles y flavonoides, el efecto tóxico de los flavonoides de la raíz en nemátodos y el contenido de lignina en plantas de chile CM334 podrían ser asociados a esta ruptura de la resistencia a P. capscici en chile CM334. [ENG] The inbred chilli line Criollo de Morelos 334 (CM334) is resistant to Phytophthora capsici Leonian, but Nacobbus aberrans Thorne and Allen, 1944 could break down resistance of plants previously infected by this nematode. This phenomenon is known as “resistance breakdown”. The resistance of CM334 chilli pepper plant has been associated to the phenylpropanoid pathway. Both phenolic acids and flavonoids metabolites are synthesized in this metabolic pathway and play an important role in the plant-pathogen interaction. The goal of this PhD project will be to determine which changes are induced by N. aberrans in the phenylperopanoid pathway that could turn the resistant plant tissues into a favourable sub-stratum for the establishment of P. capscici. Changes induced by N. aberrans on L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity, total soluble phenols content, the profiling and characterization of soluble phenolic acids and flavonoids, the toxic effect of root flavonoids on nematodes and the lignin content of CM334 chilli pepper plants may be associated to the breakdown of resistance to P. capscici in CM334 chilli pepper.We would like to thank the Structural Research Laboratory (SRL) at the Department of Chemistry of University of Warsaw for using HPLC–MS. SRL has been established with financial support from European Regional Development Found in the Sectorial Operational Programme “Improvement of the competitiveness of Enterprises, years 2004–2005” project no: WPK_1/1.4.3./1/2004/72/72/165/2005/U. The first author thanks Dirección General Académica of Universidad Autónoma Chapingo for the financial support to participate in WiA15

Modification in the phenylpropanoid metabolism induced by the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans in chilli pepper CM334

[SPA] La resistencia del genotipo de chile CM334 contra las tres especies de nematodos agalladores y al oomiceto Phytophthora capsici ha sido asociada con la ruta fenilpropanoide del metabolismo secundario. Sin embargo, el nemátodo falso agallador de raíz Nacobbus aberrans podría inducir cambios en esta ruta. La actividad de la enzima L-fenil alanina amonio liasa (PAL) y el contenido de fenoles solubles totales (FST) fueron determinados en plantas de CM334 inoculadas con N. aberrans, P. capsici o con ambos patógenos. El perfilado de compuestos fenilpropanoide fue analizado mediante HPL-ESI/MS. Los valores más altos de la actividad de PAL y contenido de FST fueron registrados en plantas inoculadas únicamente con P. capsici, mientras aquellas plantas inoculadas con N. aberrans solo o en combinación con P. capsici mostraron los niveles más bajos (P<0.05). Ácidos fenólicos (p-HBA, gálico, caféico, siríngico, sinápico, ferúlico, vanílico, p-coumárico y clorogénico) y flavonoides (rutina, apigenina y luteolina) fueron encontrados en el follaje. El ácido clorogénico y la leutolina fueron los compuestos fenilpropanoides en mayor cantidad en CM334. La concentración de los ácidos p-HBA, clorogénico y los flavonoides fue más baja en las plantas inoculadas con N. aberrans que en el control (P<0.05) en cualquier tiempo de muestreo. N. aberrans indujo modificaciones en el metabolism fenilpropanoide. [ENG] Resistance in the genotype of chilli pepper CM334 against the three major species of root-knot nematodes and the oomycete Phytophthora capsici has been associated with the phenylpropanoid pathway of secondary metabolism. However, the false root-knot nematode Nacobbus aberrans could induces changes in this pathway. In this work, L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and the content of total soluble phenols (TSP) were determined in foliage of CM334 plants inoculated with N. aberrans, P. capsici or both pathogens. Besides, the phenylpropanoid profile was analyzed by HPLC-ESI/MS. The highest values of PAL activity and content of TSP were registered in plants inoculated only with P. capsici, while those plants inoculated with N. aberrans alone or in combination with P. capsici showed the lowest level (P<0.05). Phenolic acids (p-HBA, gallic, caffeic, syringic, sinapic, ferulic, vanillic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic) and flavonoids (rutin, apigenin and luteolin) were found in foliage. Chlorogenic acid and luteolin were the phenylpropanoid compounds in highest quantity in CM334. Concentration of p-hidroxy benzoic and chlorogenic acids and flavonoids was lower in plants inoculated with N. aberrans than in the control (P<0.05) at any sampling date. These results confirm that N. aberrans induced modifications in phenylpropanoid metabolism.Our thanks go to Dirección General Académica of Universidad Autónoma Chapingo for the financial support for participate in WiA17. We also appreciate at the Structural Research Laboratory (University of Warsaw, Poland) for using HPLC-ESI-MS

Relativistically extended Blanchard recurrence relation for hydrogenic matrix elements

General recurrence relations for arbitrary non-diagonal, radial hydrogenic matrix elements are derived in Dirac relativistic quantum mechanics. Our approach is based on a generalization of the second hypervirial method previously employed in the non-relativistic Schr\"odinger case. A relativistic version of the Pasternack-Sternheimer relation is thence obtained in the diagonal (i.e. total angular momentum and parity the same) case, from such relation an expression for the relativistic virial theorem is deduced. To contribute to the utility of the relations, explicit expressions for the radial matrix elements of functions of the form $r^\lambda$ and $\beta r^\lambda$ ---where $\beta$ is a Dirac matrix--- are presented.Comment: 21 pages, to be published in J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. in Apri