Sources and definitions in the Judeo-Spanish lexical card index of Cynthia M. Crews

En este trabajo se aborda el estudio y análisis del fichero léxico del judeoespañol de la investigadora británica Cynthia M. Crews, con el objeto de examinar las fuentes documentales que lo conformaron y determinar los criterios de definición y presentación lexicográfica que la investigadora puso en práctica en las fichas, así como precisar la influencia que ejercieron algunas de estas fuentes consultadas a la hora de establecer dichos criterios. Así pues, el artículo consta de las siguientes partes: (I) un primer apartado, a modo de introducción, donde se presenta la figura de Cynthia Crews, autora del fichero léxico; (II) un segundo epígrafe, en el que se detalla la configuración del fichero; (III) una tercera sección, donde se precisan las fuentes que lo componen; (IV) el cuarto apartado se destina al análisis de los tipos de definición y los mecanismos de presentación de la información; y, finalmente, (V) las conclusiones.This research aims the study and analysis of the lexical card index in Judeo-Spanish language of the British researcher Cynthia M. Crews, in order to examine the documentary sources which formed it, and to determine the criteria of definition and lexicographical presentation that the researcher implement in the card index, as well as to specify the influence exercised by some of these sources consulted when establishing these criteria. Therefore, this paper consists of the following parts: (I) a first section or introduction, where the figure of Cynthia Crews, the author of the lexical card index, is introduced; (II) a second section, in which the configuration of the Judeo-Spanish index is detailed; (III) a third one, where its sources are specified; (IV) the fourth section analyses of the definition’s types and the mechanisms for presenting the information; and, finally, (V) the conclusions.Ministerio de Ciencia, Proyecto de Investigación del Plan Nacional ref. FFI2016-74864-

The linguistic variety spoken in Madrid in the late 18th century according to Los madrileños adoptivos (1790)

Este trabajo tiene por objeto el análisis de los fenómenos lingüísticos característicos del habla de Madrid presentes en el sainete manuscrito Los madrileños adoptivos (1790) de Antonio González de León, con el fin de determinar si pueden ser entendidos realmente como rasgos lingüísticos dialectales propios de dicha variedad en el siglo xviii. Para ello, en primer lugar, se ha realizado una contextualización de la obra, que permita llegar a comprender mejor su singularidad y ponderar su valor real como testimonio lingüístico; y, en segundo orden, se han analizado los fenómenos gráfico-fónicos, morfosintácticos y léxico-semánticos más llamativos, así como el sistema de trato representado en la obra, dado el interés que presentaba para la época y para el conocimiento de esta variedad lingüística.The focus of this study is to analyse the characteristic phenomena of the linguistic variety spoken in Madrid presented in the manuscript of the short comedy Los madrileños adoptivos (1790), by Antonio González de León, in order to determine if these elements can really be known as dialect linguistic features of that variety in the 18th century. For this, firstly, a contextualization of the work has been carried out, which allows us to understand its uniqueness and ponder its real value as a linguistic testimony. Secondly, the graphic-phonic, morphosyntactic and lexical-semantic phenomena represented in the comedy have been analysed. Furthermore, the address system has been explained, due to the interest that it has at that time and to the knowledge of this linguistic variety

Sub-national consumer ethnocentrism and the importance of the origin of food products: An exploratory analysis

Purpose This study’s main objective is to analyse the role of the consumer’s ethnocentrism as a potential segmentation basis and to detect product origin-sensitive groups. The relationship between the consumer’s regional ethnocentrism, local and regional identity and corresponding valuation and purchase of food products from a region is also examined. Design/methodology/approach The responses of 358 consumers residing in two Spanish regions are analysed by means of a mediation analysis and a cluster analysis. Findings The results suggest the convenience of considering ethnocentric consumer tendencies, also at the regional level, when studying attitudes, valuation, information search and effective purchase of foods of diverse categories and origins. Originality The main contributions of this work derive from the assessment of consumer ethnocentrism at a sub-national level (which is much less present in the literature) and the evidence of its usefulness for segmenting the market and detecting groups of origin-sensitive consumers, which can be useful to companies that produce and market food products in different regions.publishe

Observation of surface magnons and crystalline electric field shifts in superantiferromagnetic NdCu 2 nanoparticles

An ensemble of superantiferromagnetic NdCu2 nanoparticles has been produced to perform a detailed analysis of magnetic excitations using inelastic neutron scattering. Neutron diffraction measurements indicate a mean nanoparticle size of ?D??13 nm, where the bulk commensurate antiferromagnetic structure is retained at the nanoparticle core. Magnetic measurements evidence the interaction among the magnetic moments located at the nanoparticle surface to be strong enough to establish a spin glass behavior. Specific heat analyses show a broad Schottky contribution, revealing the existence of a crystalline electric field. Inelastic neutron scattering analyses disclose that the splitting of the crystalline electric field levels associated with the Nd3+ ions, as well as the spin-wave excitations that emerged below the Néel transition (TN?6K) in polycrystalline NdCu2 are maintained in the nanoparticle state. We have been able to isolate the scattering contribution arising from the nanoparticle surface where both crystalline electric field splitting and the collective magnetic excitations are well-defined despite the symmetry breaking. Quantitative analyses of this surface scattering reveal that finite-size effects and microstrain lead to a partial inhibition of the transitions from the ground state to the first excited level, as well as a positive shift (?15%) of the energy associated to collective magnon excitations.This work has been fi nancially supported by Spain's MCIU MAT2017-83631-C3-R and RTI2018-094683-B-C52 projects and Principado de Asturias Regional Government IDI/2018/000185 project. EMJ's work was sup- ported by "Beca C. Arenal" BDNS: 406333 (Gobierno de Cantabria-U. Cantabria). MRF's work was supported by FPI (BES-2012-058722). We acknowledge L. Léon Brillouin and Institut Laue-Langevin for allocation of beam-time and resources

Mental health and quality of life in liver transplant and cirrhotic patients with various etiologies

In this study we aimed to: 1) examine whether there were differences in mental health and quality of life of liver transplant recipients according to etiology that led to transplantation (alcoholic cirrhosis, Hepatitis B/C Virus, hepatocellular carcinoma and others); and 2) to compare mental health and quality of life between liver transplant and cirrhotic patients, according to etiologies that most often lead to liver transplantation (alcoholic and Hepatitis C Virus). Two patient groups participated: 168 transplant recipients and 63 cirrhotic patients. Mental health was assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and quality of life by the SF-36 Health Survey. We found the following results: 1) statistically significant differences were found in anxiety, depression, general health, and vitality; in all of them, transplant patients due to Hepatitis C Virus showed the highest impairment and transplant patients due to alcoholic cirrhosis showed the lowest deterioration; 2) cirrhotic patients, compared to transplanted, and patients with Hepatitis C Virus, compared to alcoholic liver patients, were the groups with greater biopsychosocial impairment. In the absence of interactive effects between factors groups and etiology, Hepatitis C Virus patients had higher biopsychosocial impairment than alcoholic liver patients, regardless of whether or not they underwent transplant.En este estudio se plantea: 1) analizar diferencias en salud mental y calidad de vida entre trasplantados hepáticos en función de la etiología desencadenante del trasplante (etílica, Virus de la Hepatitis B/C, hepatocarcinoma y otras), y 2) comparar la salud mental y la calidad de vida entre trasplantados hepáticos y enfermos cirróticos en función de las etiologías que con más frecuencia desencadenan el trasplante hepático (etílica y Virus de la Hepatitis C). Se seleccionaron dos grupos: 168 trasplantados y 63 cirróticos. Se empleó la Escala Hospitalaria de Ansiedad y Depresión y el Cuestionario de Salud SF-36. Los resultaron indicaron: 1) diferencias significativas en las variables ansiedad, depresión, salud general y vitalidad; en todas ellas el mayor deterioro correspondió a trasplantados con el Virus de la Hepatitis C y el menor a etílicos, 2) enfermos cirróticos versus trasplantados hepáticos, y enfermos con el Virus de la Hepatitis C versus etílicos, fueron los grupos con mayor deterioro biopsicosocial. Ante la inexistencia de efectos interactivos entre los factores grupo y etiología, se concluye que los pacientes con Virus de la Hepatitis C presentan mayor deterioro biopsicosocial en comparación con pacientes etílicos, independientemente de que hubieran sido o no trasplantados.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación de España PSI2009-0771

Natural and artificial feeding management before weaning promote different rumen microbial colonization but not differences in gene expression levels at the rumen epithelium of newborn goats

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of feeding management during the first month of life (natural with the mother, NAT, or artificial with milk replacer, ART) on the rumen microbial colonization and the host innate immune response. Thirty pregnant goats carrying two fetuses were used. At birth one kid was taken immediately away from the doe and fed milk replacer (ART) while the other remained with the mother (NAT). Kids from groups received colostrum during first 2 days of life. Groups of four kids (from ART and NAT experimental groups) were slaughtered at 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of life. On the sampling day, after slaughtering, the rumen content was sampled and epithelial rumen tissue was collected. Pyrosequencing analyses of the bacterial community structure on samples collected at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days showed that both systems promoted significantly different colonization patterns (P = 0.001). Diversity indices increased with age and were higher in NAT feeding system. Lower mRNA abundance was detected in TLR2, TLR8 and TLR10 in days 3 and 5 compared to the other days (7, 14, 21 and 28). Only TLR5 showed a significantly different level of expression according to the feeding system, presenting higher mRNA abundances in ART kids. PGLYRP1 showed significantly higher abundance levels in days 3, 5 and 7, and then experienced a decline independently of the feeding system. These observations confirmed a highly diverse microbial colonisation from the first day of life in the undeveloped rumen, and show that the colonization pattern substantially differs between pre-ruminants reared under natural or artificial milk feeding systems. However, the rumen epithelial immune development does not differentially respond to distinct microbial colonization patterns.publishersversionPeer reviewe

A new mindset for circular economy strategies: case studies of circularity in the use of water

In a circular economy (CE) environment, it is important to make good and efficient use of resources and consider that the waste generated in production processes can be a valuable resource. However, the tools and methodologies conventionally used to analyze and evaluate production systems are based on techniques focused on linear production management models, where the primary purpose is to reduce the treatment and management of waste as much as possible and where productive and environmental efficiency are not evaluated simultaneously. Changing the paradigm from a linear to a circular economy requires that a new strategy for production systems be defined, one that makes production processes simultaneously circular and efficient (in terms of quality and productivity). In this context, a holistic vision is needed when implementing CE strategies. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to provide evidence, through two real case studies in the use of water, that the management of this resource without considering systemic thinking may not be the most circular solution. Main results showed that improvements based on the traditional approach of reducing resource use cannot provide the best results if they are supported only by current process consumption without considering the circularity of resources

Frequency and Characteristics of familial melanoma in Spain: the FAM-GEM-1 Study.

Familial history of melanoma is a well-known risk factor for the disease, and 7% melanoma patients were reported to have a family history of melanoma. Data relating to the frequency and clinical and pathological characteristics of both familial and non-familial melanoma in Spain have been published, but these only include patients from specific areas of Spain and do not represent the data for the whole of Spain. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational study conducted by the Spanish Group of Melanoma (GEM) analyzed the family history of patients diagnosed with melanoma between 2011 and 2013 in the dermatology and oncology departments. RESULTS: In all, 1047 patients were analyzed, and 69 (6.6%) fulfilled criteria for classical familial melanoma (two or more first-degree relatives diagnosed with melanoma). Taking into account other risk factors for familial melanoma, such as multiple melanoma, pancreatic cancer in the family or second-degree relatives with melanoma, the number of patients fulfilling the criteria increased to 165 (15.8%). Using a univariate analysis, we determined that a Breslow index of less than 1 mm, negative mitosis, multiple melanoma, and a history of sunburns in childhood were more frequent in familial melanoma patients, but a multivariate analysis revealed no differences in any pathological or clinical factor between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Similar to that observed in other countries, familial melanoma accounts for 6.6% of melanoma diagnoses in Spain. Although no differences in the multivariate analysis were found, some better prognosis factors, such as Breslow index, seem more frequent in familial melanoma, which reflect a better early detection marker and/or a different biological behavior