El concepto espacio en educación infantil

Treball final de Grau en Mestre o Mestra d'Educació Infantil. Codi: MI1040. Curs academic 2014-2015Este trabajo consiste en un ensayo teórico sobre la adquisición del concepto espacio en la etapa educativa de Infantil. Se trata el modelo de razonamiento geométrico de Van Hiele, el modelo de la percepción del espacio de Hannoun, y principalmente, la concepción del espacio en el niño según Piaget, ya que profundizamos sobre su teoría y sus etapas evolutivas. El objetivo principal es conocer las diferentes teorías sobre la adquisición de este logro cognitivo y realizar una serie de principios metodológicos que ayuden a un maestro de Educación Infantil a trabajar la noción espacial en el aula. Con esta investigación pretendemos que un maestro pueda conocer el nivel evolutivo de su alumnado, y a partir de ahí, favorecer el correcto desarrollo. Se reflexiona sobre el concepto espacio y te permite conocer en qué consiste. Además, nos demuestra que ha sido una de las principales preocupaciones a lo largo de los siglos.This thesis is a theoretical essay on the acquisition of the concept space in pre-primary education. In this paper we study the model of geometric reasoning of Van Hiele, the model of spatial perception of Hannoun, and mainly, the conception of space in children according to Piaget. For this reason, we will delve on his theory and its developmental stages. The main objective is to understand the different theories on the acquisition of this cognitive achievement, and a series of methodological principles to help a kindergarten teacher working space notion in the classroom. With this thesis we claim that a teacher must meet the developmental level of their students, to promote the correct development. Throughout the thesis it reflects on space concept. Furthermore, it shows us how it has been a concern throughout the centuries

O Courel. Dende o subdesenvolvemento ata o desenvolvemento insostible

[Resumo] A conservación das nosas áreas naturais máis valiosas estase a convertir nunha necesidade non só ecolóxica ou ética, tamen socioeconómica, pois no correcto manexo dos recursos está unha das chaves do desenvolvemento sostible. O Courel é unha das bisbarras máis emblemáticas da Galiza. É a nosa “Terra Matria” porque nos seus bosques e vals enraiza o noso imaxinario colectivo da Natureza prístina. A protección dos seus imponderables valores é fundamental primeiramente para as comunidades que o habitan, pero tamén para todos os galegos e galegas. As súas estratexias de conservación deberán encadrarse dentro de Plans que permitan unha vida digna para os seus habitantes, sen menoscabo das súas riquezas naturais e culturais. E fago fincapé neste binomio natureza-cultura como guía nas reflexións posteriores en torno ao dúo central deste traballo: conservación-desenvolvemento[Abstract] Conservation of our natural areas more valuable is becoming a need not only ecologic or ethical, also socioeconomic, as in the right use of resources is the key of sustainable development. Courel is one of the zones more emblematic of Galicia. It’s our “Mother Land” because in its woods and valleis takes root our imaginary colective of pristine Nature. Protection of its impoderable values is basic firstly for the comunities that live in it, but also for all the gallicians. Its conservation strategies will be obligated to frame into the plans that allow a honorable life for its population, without its natural or cultural riches will be affected. And I put special emphasis in this couple nature-culture like guide in the later reflexions around the central duo of this work: conservation-developmen

Deep Neural Networks for the Recognition and Classification of Heart Murmurs Using Neuromorphic Auditory Sensors

Auscultation is one of the most used techniques for detecting cardiovascular diseases, which is one of the main causes of death in the world. Heart murmurs are the most common abnormal finding when a patient visits the physician for auscultation. These heart sounds can either be innocent, which are harmless, or abnormal, which may be a sign of a more serious heart condition. However, the accuracy rate of primary care physicians and expert cardiologists when auscultating is not good enough to avoid most of both type-I (healthy patients are sent for echocardiogram) and type-II (pathological patients are sent home without medication or treatment) errors made. In this paper, the authors present a novel convolutional neural network based tool for classifying between healthy people and pathological patients using a neuromorphic auditory sensor for FPGA that is able to decompose the audio into frequency bands in real time. For this purpose, different networks have been trained with the heart murmur information contained in heart sound recordings obtained from nine different heart sound databases sourced from multiple research groups. These samples are segmented and preprocessed using the neuromorphic auditory sensor to decompose their audio information into frequency bands and, after that, sonogram images with the same size are generated. These images have been used to train and test different convolutional neural network architectures. The best results have been obtained with a modified version of the AlexNet model, achieving 97% accuracy (specificity: 95.12%, sensitivity: 93.20%, PhysioNet/CinC Challenge 2016 score: 0.9416). This tool could aid cardiologists and primary care physicians in the auscultation process, improving the decision making task and reducing type-I and type-II errors.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

NAVIS: Neuromorphic Auditory VISualizer Tool

This software presents diverse utilities to perform the first post-processing layer taking the neuromorphic auditory sensors (NAS) information. The used NAS implements in FPGA a cascade filters architecture, imitating the behavior of the basilar membrane and inner hair cells and working with the sound information decomposed into its frequency components as spike streams. The well-known neuromorphic hardware interface Address-Event-Representation (AER) is used to propagate auditory information out of the NAS, emulating the auditory vestibular nerve. Using the information packetized into aedat files, which are generated through the jAER software plus an AER to USB computer interface, NAVIS implements a set of graphs that allows to represent the auditory information as cochleograms, histograms, sonograms, etc. It can also split the auditory information into different sets depending on the activity level of the spike streams. The main contribution of this software tool is that it allows complex audio post-processing treatments and representations, which is a novelty for spike-based systems in the neuromorphic community and it will help neuromorphic engineers to build sets for training spiking neural networks (SNN).Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-0

Stereo Matching in Address-Event-Representation (AER) Bio-Inspired Binocular Systems in a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)

In stereo-vision processing, the image-matching step is essential for results, although it involves a very high computational cost. Moreover, the more information is processed, the more time is spent by the matching algorithm, and the more ine cient it is. Spike-based processing is a relatively new approach that implements processing methods by manipulating spikes one by one at the time they are transmitted, like a human brain. The mammal nervous system can solve much more complex problems, such as visual recognition by manipulating neuron spikes. The spike-based philosophy for visual information processing based on the neuro-inspired address-event-representation (AER) is currently achieving very high performance. The aim of this work was to study the viability of a matching mechanism in stereo-vision systems, using AER codification and its implementation in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Some studies have been done before in an AER system with monitored data using a computer; however, this kind of mechanism has not been implemented directly on hardware. To this end, an epipolar geometry basis applied to AER systems was studied and implemented, with other restrictions, in order to achieve good results in a real-time scenario. The results and conclusions are shown, and the viability of its implementation is proven.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2016-77785-

Valoración de la evolución en conocimientos de reanimación cardiopulmonar entre los estudiantes de medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Valladolid

La parada cardiorrespiratoria (PCR) es uno de los principales motivos de morbimortalidad en nuestra sociedad. Objetivos: Conocer la evolución del conocimiento, formación y actitud sobre reanimación cardiopulmonar (RCP) básica y avanzada entre los alumnos de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Valladolid. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal basado en un cuestionario. Criterios inclusión: Alumnos de 1º de medicina matriculados en Anatomía Humana I, de 3º de medicina matriculados en PMQ-I y de 6º de medicina matriculados en Prácticas Tuteladas de Clínica Pediátrica, excluyendo a los que la cursan en Burgos, Soria y Palencia, que al inicio del curso 2016-2017 respondieron a un cuestionario autoadministrado en la Facultad de Medicina de Valladolid. Variables: edad, sexo y respuestas sobre conocimientos, actitud y habilidades relacionadas con la RCP. Comparación de variables cualitativas mediante Chi-cuadrado. Significación: p< 0.05. Análisis estadístico: SPSS 20.0.Grado en Medicin

Introduction

Word-formation is the branch of linguistics that studies the nature and circumstances surrounding the coining of new complex lexemes. This field of research has been a source of fascination to scholars for centuries – descriptions regarding the mechanisms of lexical innovation of Classical Sanskrit existed already in the 4th century BCE. A number of controversial issues have traditionally underlain the discipline and, despite the efforts directed at solving them, many remain a matter of debate to the present day. As happened in other areas of linguistics, the 20th century witnessed a revolution in word-formation, thanks to Saussure’s writings and to monographs like Chomsky (1957), Dokulil (1962) and Marchand (1969). If one had to name a distinctive attribute of modern word-formation, it would probably be the non-predominance of a single linguistic theory.This volume was conceived as a reflection of the current trends in word-formation, and has therefore tried to embrace a variety of theoretical frameworks, viewpoints and languages.

Sound Recognition System Using Spiking and MLP Neural Networks

In this paper, we explore the capabilities of a sound classification system that combines a Neuromorphic Auditory System for feature extraction and an artificial neural network for classification. Two models of neural network have been used: Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network and Spiking Neural Network. To compare their accuracies, both networks have been developed and trained to recognize pure tones in presence of white noise. The spiking neural network has been implemented in a FPGA device. The neuromorphic auditory system that is used in this work produces a form of representation that is analogous to the spike outputs of the biological cochlea. Both systems are able to distinguish the different sounds even in the presence of white noise. The recognition system based in a spiking neural networks has better accuracy, above 91 %, even when the sound has white noise with the same power.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-02Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-130

A Sensor Fusion Horse Gait Classification by a Spiking Neural Network on SpiNNaker

The study and monitoring of the behavior of wildlife has always been a subject of great interest. Although many systems can track animal positions using GPS systems, the behavior classification is not a common task. For this work, a multi-sensory wearable device has been designed and implemented to be used in the Doñana National Park in order to control and monitor wild and semiwild life animals. The data obtained with these sensors is processed using a Spiking Neural Network (SNN), with Address-Event-Representation (AER) coding, and it is classified between some fixed activity behaviors. This works presents the full infrastructure deployed in Doñana to collect the data, the wearable device, the SNN implementation in SpiNNaker and the classification results.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad TEC2012-37868-C04-02Junta de Andalucía P12-TIC-130

Knowledge of the behaviors and consequences of catastrophes among psychology students

Background: It does not exist many studies on the perception that people have about behavioral consequences and psychological health of having experienced a catastrophe. However, those who have focused on it, along with this research, have found that the different groups studied present distortions about catastrophes, having topical beliefs about the occurrence of behaviors such as panic, looting, disorders, etc. Method: This study was performed with a sample of 544 psychology students and other disciplines. The design corresponds to a retrospective study or ex post facto where it has been used a scale of collective behavior in disasters and risk situations. Results: It has appeared significant differences in the mean scores between the group of psychology students regarding the correction key and in comparison with non-psychologists. Conclusions: These results could indicate that the training given to students of psychology distorts their perceptions about the occurrence of behavioral myths in catastrophes.La Revista Publicaciones se edita en la Facultad y cuenta con los siguientes patrocinadores: Consejería de Educación, Juventud y Deportes (Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla) Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de la Universidad de Granada Facultad de Educación y Humanidades de Melill