El uso de la distancia interpersonal en el comportamiento motor de boxeadores de diferente nivel deportivo

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el comportamiento motor (i.e., tiempo de reacción y precisión en la respuesta) en una muestra reducida de boxeadores de diferente nivel deportivo (n = 4 avanzados y n = 4 noveles) durante la percepción de series de 10 acciones de ataque del oponente a diferentes distancias (i.e., corta, media, larga), tanto en situación real (3D) como video-proyectada (2D). La probabilidad de aparición de unas acciones u otras del oponente fue manipulada en función de su distancia de separación al participante. Los participantes debían de reaccionar rápida y precisamente, ejecutando una esquiva adecuada al ataque del oponente. Se utilizó una cámara de alta velocidad para analizar el comportamiento motor. Los resultados mostraron que los boxeadores avanzados reaccionaron antes que los noveles en la distancia corta y larga, siendo más precisos en todas las distancias. Cuando se incluyó la dimensionalidad en el análisis, el grupo de mayor nivel fue más rápido en las tres distancias (2D) y más preciso (2D y 3D). Por todo ello, los boxeadores avanzados usaron la distancia interpersonal como información situacional para mejorar su comportamiento defensivo frente a los oponentes.The aim of this study was to compare the motor performance (i.e., reaction time and response accuracy) of a reduced boxers sample with different sport levels (n = 4 advanced and n = 4 novices) during the perception of sequences of 10 trials containing opponents' attacks at different distances (i.e., short, medium, long), both in field (3D) and laboratory-based scenarios (2D). The likelihood of the opponent' actions was manipulated according to the participant's distance. The participants had to react quickly and accurately, performing a proper dodge to the opponent's hits. A high-speed camera was used to analyze motor behavior. The results showed that the advanced group reacted faster than the novices in the short and long distances, being more accurate at all distances. When the dimensionality was included into the analysis, the group of higher level was faster (2D) and more accurate (2D and 3D) at the three distances. Therefore, the advanced boxers used the interpersonal distance as contextual information to improve the defensive behavior against the opponents.O objetivo do estudo foi comparar o comportamento motor (i.e., tempo de reação e precisão em resposta) em uma pequena amostra de pugilistas nível esporte diferente (n = 4 avançado n = 4 iniciante) durante a percepção de série de 10 ações atacar o adversário em diferentes distâncias (ou seja, de curto, médio, longo), ambos real (3D) situação projetada-video (2D). A probabilidade de uma ação ou outro adversário foi manipulado em função da sua distância um do outro participante. Os participantes devem reagir rapidamente e evasivo oponente ataque running precisamente adequada. Um câmera de alta velocidade foi utilizado para analisar o comportamento do motor. Os resultados mostraram que pugilistas avançados reagiram antes novato no curta e longa distância, mais precisamente em todas as distâncias. Quando a dimensionalidade foi incluído na análise, o grupo de maior nível foi mais rápido em todas as três distâncias (2D) e mais preciso (2D e 3D). Portanto, pugilistas avançados utilizado a distância interpessoal como informação situacional para melhorar o seu comportamento defensivo contra os oponentes

The use of the interpersonal distance in the motor behavior of boxers with different sport level

El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar el rendimiento motor (es decir, el tiempo de reacción y la precisión de la respuesta) de una muestra reducida de boxeadores con diferentes niveles deportivos (n = 4 avanzados y n = 4 novatos) durante la percepción de secuencias de 10 ensayos que contienen oponentes y ataques a diferentes distancias (es decir, corto, medio, largo), tanto en el campo (3D) como en escenarios basados en laboratorio (2D). La probabilidad de las acciones del oponente fue manipulada de acuerdo con la distancia del participante. Los participantes tuvieron que reaccionar de forma rápida y precisa, realizando una evasión adecuada a los golpes del oponente. Se utilizó una cámara de alta velocidad para analizar el comportamiento del motor. Los resultados mostraron que el grupo avanzado reaccionó más rápido que los novatos en las distancias cortas y largas, siendo más preciso en todas las distancias. Cuando se incluyó la dimensionalidad en el análisis, el grupo de nivel superior fue más rápido (2D) y más preciso (2D y 3D) en las tres distancias. Por lo tanto, los boxeadores avanzados utilizaron la distancia interpersonal como información contextual para mejorar el comportamiento defensivo contra los oponentes.The aim of this study was to compare the motor performance (i.e., reaction time and response accuracy) of a reduced boxers sample with different sport levels (n = 4 advanced and n = 4 novices) during the perception of sequences of 10 trials containing opponents´ attacks at different distances (i.e., short, medium, long), both in field (3D) and laboratory-based scenarios (2D). The likelihood of the opponent´ actions was manipulated according to the participant´s distance. The participants had to react quickly and accurately, performing a proper dodge to the opponent´s hits. A high-speed camera was used to analyze motor behavior. The results showed that the advanced group reacted faster than the novices in the short and long distances, being more accurate at all distances. When the dimensionality was included into the analysis, the group of higher level was faster (2D) and more accurate (2D and 3D) at the three distances. Therefore, the advanced boxers used the interpersonal distance as contextual information to improve the defensive behavior against the opponents.• Gobierno de Extremadura y Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional. AyudapeerReviewe

Synchronized cell attachment triggered by photo-activatable adhesive ligands allows QCM-based detection of early integrin binding

The Quartz Crystal Microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique was applied to monitor and quantify integrin-RGD recognition during the early stages of cell adhesion. Using QCM-D crystals modified with a photo-activatable RGD peptide, the time point of presentation of adhesive ligand at the surface of the QCM-D crystal could be accurately controlled. This allowed temporal resolution of early integrin-RGD binding and the subsequent cell spreading process, and their separate detection by QCM-D. The specificity of the integrin-RGD binding event was corroborated by performing the experiments in the presence of soluble cyclicRGD as a competitor, and cytochalasin D as inhibitor of cell spreading. Larger frequency change in the QCM-D signal was observed for cells with larger spread area, and for cells overexpressing integrin avb3 upon stable transfection. This strategy enables quantification of integrin activity which, in turn, may allow discrimination among different cell types displaying distinct integrin subtypes and expression levels thereof. On the basis of these findings, we believe the strategy can be extended to other photoactivatable ligands to characterize cell membrane receptors activity, a relevant issue for cancer diagnosis (and prognosis) as other several pathologies.Fil: Iturri, Jagoba. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; AlemaniaFil: García Fernández, Luis. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; AlemaniaFil: Reuning, Ute. Technische Universitat Munchen; AlemaniaFil: García, Andrés J.. Georgia Institute Of Techology; Estados UnidosFil: del Campo, Aránzazu. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; AlemaniaFil: Salierno, Marcelo Javier. Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

2007-2017: Una década de competencias clave en España

The aim of this study was to determine Spanish teachers’ perceptions about the competence-based curriculum model (CBCM) introduced by LOE (2006) and maintained by later legislation, ten years after its deployment. Participants were 1408 Spanish Primary and Secondary School teachers (719 women and 689 men). Participants answered an ad hoc questionnaire consisting of a 23-item, five-factor scale (beliefs about the theoretical model, level of implementation of the model, difficulties in implementing the model, resources, and professional development). The questionnaire was sent through an on-line application to all Spanish Primary and Secondary Schools. The results show that teachers perceive the importance of curricular change although their expectations are negative regarding its implementation in classrooms. They are committed to the application of the CBCM but there is still a great demand for training and contextual conditions need to be improved. Regarding the factors analyzed, women have a better consideration of the degree of application of teaching strategies or the uniformity in the implementation of CBCM, while men score significantly higher in available resources. Primary school teachers have a more favorable perception in most of the items than secondary school teachers. It is necessary to address all these difficulties observed by teachers if educational reforms are intended to have a real impact on the results of the educational processEl objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer las percepciones del profesorado español sobre el modelo de currículo basado en competencias (MCC) introducido por la LOE (2006) y mantenido por legislaciones posteriores, diez años después de su implantación. Un total de 1408 docentes (719 mujeres y 689 varones). Los participantes contestaron un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc, consistente en una escala de cinco factores (creencias sobre el modelo teórico; grado de aplicación del modelo; dificultades para la aplicación del modelo; recursos; y formación del profesorado) con 23 ítems. El cuestionario fue enviado mediante una aplicación on-line a todos los centros españoles. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los docentes perciben la importancia del cambio curricular, aunque sus expectativas son negativas respecto a su aplicación en las aulas; están implicados en la aplicación del MCC; sigue existiendo una gran demanda de formación; y es necesario que mejoren las condiciones contextuales. En cuanto a los factores analizados, las mujeres tienen mejor consideración del grado de aplicación de estrategias didácticas o la uniformidad en la implementación del MCC, mientras que los hombres puntúan significativamente más alto en los recursos disponibles; los docentes de Educación Primaria tienen una percepción más favorable en la mayoría de los ítems que los docentes de Educación Secundaria; las diferencias entre docentes de las diferentes áreas de conocimiento no son relevantes. Es necesario atender a todas estas dificultades observadas por el profesorado, si se pretende que este tipo de reformas educativas tengan un impacto real sobre los resultados del proceso educativoS

Detection of unfavourable urban areas with higher temperatures and lack of green spaces using satellite imagery in sixteen Spanish cities.

This paper seeks to identify the most unfavourable areas of a city in terms of high temperatures and the absence of green infrastructure. An automatic methodology based on remote sensing and data analysis has been devel oped and applied in sixteen Spanish cities with different characteristics. Landsat-8 satellite images were selected for each city from the July-August period of 2019 and 2020 to calculate the spatial variation of land surface temperature (LST). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to determine the abundance of vegetation across the city. Based on the NDVI and LST maps created, a k-means unsupervised classification clustering was performed to automatically identify the different clusters according to how favourable these areas were in terms of temperature and presence of vegetation. A Disadvantaged Area Index (DAI), combining both variables, was developed to produce a map showing the most unfavourable areas for each city. Overall, the percentage of the area susceptible to improvement with more vegetation in the cities studied ranged from 13 % in Huesca to 64–65 % in Bilbao and Valencia. The influence of several factors, such as the presence of water bodies or large buildings, is discussed. Detecting unfavourable areas is a very interesting tool for defining future planning strategy for green spaces

Cómo se compra en Valladolid

Producción CientíficaEstudio de los hábitos de consumo en el comercio minorista de la ciudad de ValladolidGeografíaInforme encargado por AVADECO con la colaboración de la Consejería de Industria, Comercio y Turismo de la Junta de Castilla y Leó

Magnetic resonance simulation in education: Quantitative evaluation of an actual classroom experience

Producción CientíficaMagnetic resonance is an imaging modality that implies a high complexity for radiographers. Despite some simulators having been developed for training purposes, we are not aware of any attempt to quantitatively measure their educational performance. The present study gives an answer to the question: Does an MRI simulator built on specific functional and non-functional requirements help radiographers learn MRI theoretical and practical concepts better than traditional educational method based on lectures? Our study was carried out in a single day by a total of 60 students of a main hospital in Madrid, Spain. The experiment followed a randomized pre-test post-test design with a control group that used a traditional educational method, and an experimental group that used our simulator. Knowledge level was assessed by means of an instrument with evidence of validity in its format and content, while its reliability was analyzed after the experiment. Statistical differences between both groups were measured. Significant statistical differences were found in favor of the participants who used the simulator for both the post-test score and the gain (difference between post-test and pre-test scores). The effect size turned out to be significant as well. In this work we evaluated a magnetic resonance simulation paradigm as a tool to help in the training of radiographers. The study shows that a simulator built on specific design requirements is a valuable complement to traditional education procedures, backed up with significant quantitative results.Agencia Estatal de Investigación (TEC2017-82408-R and TIN2017-85179-C3-2-R

Chapter Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Methotrexate Resistance in Melanoma

Endocrinolog

Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Methotrexate Resistance in Melanoma

Endocrinolog

Efecto de los procesos de deshidratación por liofilización y atomización sobre las propiedades funcionales del vino cepa País y Syrah

43 p.La industria alimenticia constantemente se adapta a nuevas exigencias del mercado. La generación de un nicho alimenticio a través de productos en polvo, la hacen vanguardista desde el punto de vista de la innovación y el desarrollo de estos productos. El crecimiento de la producción de vino en el territorio nacional y los requerimientos que tiene la población de productos que favorezcan la salud de las personas, han hecho necesaria la conservación de las características funcionales de los vinos, en particular los compuestos fenólicos, incluso en presentaciones poco usuales como el vino en polvo. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado si la producción de vino en polvo de cepas de vino País o Syrah conservan dichas características. La utilización de vino cepa País y cepa Syrah mediante los métodos de liofilización (Freeze-drying) y atomización (Spray-Dry) generan un producto en polvo deshidratado a través de un medio frió y un sistema de altas temperaturas, lo cual genera una mayor durabilidad en los productos, evitando así su degradación natural y con ello mejorando la manipulación y el transporte de estos. En este estudio se utilizaron vinos de cepa País y cepa Syrah, que fueron procesados para deshidratarse y luego convertir en polvo. Se determinaron las propiedades funcionales de estos productos y los beneficios que ellos entregan, mediante el estudio de fenoles específicos, como: resveratrol, floretina, ácido hidroxicinámico, kaempferol, quercetina y quercitrina, actividad de agua, pH y sólidos solubles (Brix°). Los resultados obtenidos con los dos tratamientos de producción de vino en polvo, mostró que la actividad de agua (aw), sólidos solubles y los fenoles resveratrol, floretina y kaempferol no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas respecto al vino líquido. El pH y fenoles específicos como: ácido hidroxicinamico, quercetina y quercitrina, observaron un aumento respecto al vino líquido con diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Con los resultados obtenidos se podrá generar una nueva perspectiva sobre el uso del vino en polvo de cepa País y Syrah utilizando ya sea en la alimentación, como también en cualquier segmento en donde el contenido de fenoles sea necesario como base al desarrollo de nuevos productos./ ABSTRACT: The industry of food is constantly adapting to new market demands. The food niche generation, through powder products, from the point of view of innovation, and the development of these products, it makes it avant-garde. The wine's growth production in the national territory, and the requirements that the population has of products that benefit the health of the people, have made it necessary to preserve the functional characteristics of wines. In particular, the phenolic compounds, even in unusual presentations, like the wine powder. However, it hasn’t been studied if the production of the wine powder of País or Syrah’s wine strains, preserves these characteristics. The use of País and Syrah’s wine strains using the Freeze-drying and Spray-Dry methods generate a dehydrated powder product through a cold medium and a high temperature system. Which generates a greater durability in the products, avoiding their natural degradation and with this, improving the manipulation and the transport of these ones. In this study, País and Syrah’s wine strains were used, and they were processed to dehydrate and converted in powder. It was determined the functional properties of these products and the benefits that they provide by studying specific phenols, like: resveratrol, phloretin, hydroxycinnamic acid, kaempferol, quercetin and quercitrin, water activity, pH and soluble solids (Brix °). The results obtained with the two treatments of powdered wine showed that the activity of water (aw), soluble solids and phenols resveratrol, phloretin and kaempferol didn’t show statistically significant differences with respect to the liquid wine. The pH and the specific phenols, like: hydroxycinnamic acid, quercetin and quercitrin, observed an increase with respect to the liquid wine with statistically significant differences. With the results obtained it will be possible to generate a new perspective on the use of the powdered wine of País and Syrah’s strains using either in the food industry, as well as in any egment where the content of phenols are necessaries as a basis for the development of new product