Effects of injection and ignition timing of a large direct injection spark ignition engine fuelled with a hydrogen-CNG mixture on its operating conditions and emissions

The effects of ignition and fuel injection timing of an experimental 2-liter single cylinder direct injection spark ignition gaseous fuel engine were examined experimentally in this study. An online-prepared mixture of 10-40% hydrogen with compressed natural gas was injected at 8 bar into the cylinder during the intake stroke at 1500 rpm. Heat release rates, maximum indicated pressures, cycle-to-cycle variability, and gaseous emissions were compared for different settings. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2017

Improving Transgender Patients\u27 Access to Care in the Primary Care Setting: A Quality Improvement Project

Background: In the United Sates, nearly 1 million people identify as being transgender and 2% (671) of transgender people were diagnosed with HIV in the U.S. and dependent areas in 2019 (CDC, 2022b). Studies have reported of transgender people avoiding the healthcare setting due to fear of facing stigma and discrimination. Due to this stigma and discrimination in the healthcare setting, transgender people may choose not to participate in HIV screening. The studies also emphasized a lack of LGBTQ+ education in the academic setting. The purpose of this quality improvement project (QIP) was to improve the knowledge of healthcare professionals regarding transgender stigma and discrimination in the healthcare setting and how it affects their willingness to participate in HIV screening in the primary care setting. Methods: The findings from literature reviews were used in the creation of this QIP. A survey was created for the pre- and post-intervention. The survey consisted of 12 demographic questions and 15 knowledge questions on transgender stigma, discrimination, and HIV. Twenty-three participants completed the pre-survey, and eighteen participants completed the educational session and post-survey. A 30-minute evidenced-based educational session was conducted at a primary care clinic on transgender stigma and discrimination in the healthcare setting and how it affects HIV screening. Results: There was a 31.05% mean increase from the pre-survey to the post-survey after the 30-minute educational session was conducted. The results indicated improvement in the knowledge question responses after the 30-minute educational session. Knowledge scores from the pre- and post-surveys were compared which were statistically significant based on the p-value. Conclusion: These findings indicated that by educating healthcare professionals on transgender stigma and discrimination in the healthcare setting, it can increase their knowledge and improve transgender patients experience when seeking medical care

Psychosocial factors and ageing in older lesbian, gay and bisexual people: a systematic review of the literature

Aims and objectives: To synthesise and evaluate the extant literature investigating the psychosocial influences on ageing as a lesbian, gay or bisexual person, in order to develop understanding about these influences and guide future research in the area. Background: Research suggests there may be specific psychological and social factors relevant to ageing for individuals with a non-heterosexual identity. Design: A systematic review was conducted on empirical research involving lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals aged 60 or above. Methods: The Cochrane Database, PsychINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Google Scholar were searched and 41 studies met inclusion criteria. The majority had not been reviewed in earlier review articles. Results: Findings were within two domains: psychological, consisting of sub-themes relating to identity, mental health and body image; and social, consisting of relationships, social support, discrimination, caregiving and receiving, community, accessing services and housing. The results suggest lesbian, gay and bisexual individuals mostly adjust well to ageing identities, with mediating influences including self-acceptance and connection with peers. Challenges experienced included ageism and heteronormative health and social care services; intimate friendships, social support and respectful professionals mitigated such threats and facilitated successful ageing. Methodological issues related to sampling procedures, such as purposive sampling through the gay community and limited generalisability due to the homogeneity of participants. Additionally, there was a widespread lack of heterosexual control groups. However, most studies used appropriate measures and acknowledged inherent limitations. Conclusion: Psychosocial influences included the challenge of societal stigma, but also resilience individuals demonstrate through a positive attitude. These factors must continue to be investigated for services to best meet the needs of this population. Relevance to clinical practice: Clinicians are well placed to assist individuals draw on resilience when facing ageing challenges. Also, clinicians should be aware older people may have prior negative experiences of accessing services and try to involve ‘families of choice’ in care planning

Der Bauernhof als förderliches Umfeld zur Entwicklung und Stärkung von Resilienz

Einleitung (Auszug): Inwiefern kann der Bauernhof ein förderliches Umfeld zur Entwicklung und Stärkung von Resilienz im Kindesalter sein? Zu Beginn soll kurz auf die Zielgruppe der Kinder eingegangen werden, um Nachfolgendes immer im Kontext des Kindesalters einbetten zu können. Der dritte Gliederungspunkt steigt dann mit der Thematik des Bauernhofs ein, in welchem kurz skizziert werden soll, welche Art und Tätigkeitsfelder mit dem Begriff des Bauernhofs abgedeckt wird und welche Möglichkeiten dieser bieten könnte. Danach soll auf die Bedeutung von Bauernhof für die pädagogische Arbeit eingegangen werden und es werden bereits entwickelte Konzepte, wie „Tiergestützte Interventionen“ (Kloss 2010, S. 25) und „Pflanzengestützte Interventionen“ (Kloss 2010, S.30) näher erläutert und ihrem pädagogischen Nutzen nach analysiert. Aufbauend wird dann das Konzept der Resilienz erläutert und der direkte Bezug zu Kindern und später auch dem Umfeld Bauernhof hergestellt, um letztendlich herauszuarbeiten, welche Bedingungen des Bauernhofs förderlich für die Entwicklung und Stärkung von Resilienz im Kindesalter sind. Resilienz wird dabei erstmals allgemein definiert und erläutert und dann in Zusammenhang mit anderen Modellen gesetzt und empirisch durch bestehende Studien belegt. Darauf folgend wird kurz auf die Bedeutung von Krisen und deren Bewältigung eingegangen, um dann auf den Kern der Resilienz zu stoßen: nämlich das „Risiko- und das Schutzfaktorenkonzept“ (Wustmann 2004, S. 36), deren Wechselwirkung und den damit verbundenen „Resilienzfaktoren“ (Fröhlich-Gildhoff/ Rönnau-Böse 2011, S. 40). Abschließend soll dann auf die pädagogische Bedeutung von Resilienz eingegangen werden und die wichtigsten Erkenntnisse zur Stärkung von Kindern zusammenfassend dargestellt werden. Dies soll wieder wie oben beschrieben mit Blick auf das Umfeld Bauernhof geschehen und zu einem abschließenden Fazit führen

Odpodové hospodářství ve firmě KMK GRANIT s.r.o. - lom Krásno

Import 20/04/2006Prezenční výpůjčkaVŠB - Technická univerzita Ostrava. Fakulta hornicko-geologická. Institut ekonomiky a systémů řízení (545

Reproduction of chassis dynamometer driving cycles on the road as a means of achieving repeatable on-road emissions tests

Projected increases in the cost of conventional fossil energy sources and greenhouse gas emissions caps are among the key drivers for the utilization of various gaseous fuels prepared from biomass in internal combustion engines, primarily in cogeneration units. Due to the low energy content and other poor qualities of many such fuels, they are often intended to be co-fired with diesel fuel, or used in blends with natural gas or other gaseous fuels. Variations in the composition of the biogas, limited capabilities of gas mixing and metering devices, and other factors create challenges in determining the intake charge composition, so that optimal mixture of air and multiple fuels can be maintained. In this study, an experimental device for mixing of two gaseous fuels was tested, with various gases, on a bus engine modified to run on experimental gaseous fuel blends. To evaluate the performance of the mixing device, the composition of the mixture of two fuel gases was continuously analyzed by an inexpensive NDIR ,”garage-grade” exhaust gas analyzer. The focus of this paper is on the adaptation of the analyzer for this purpose, including calibration and linearization techniques, its verification, and performance. Preliminary results show that this analyzer, commonly used for automobile inspection and maintenance purposes, can serve, albeit with precautions and limitations, as a relatively simple tool for field measurements of the composition of a fuel gas mixture, both raw and mixed with air

N-butanol and isobutanol as alternatives to gasoline: Comparison of port fuel injector characteristics

The paper reports on an experimental investigation of the relationship between the pulse width of a gasoline engine port fuel injector and the quantity of the fuel injected when butanol is used as a fuel. Two isomers of butanol, n-butanol and isobutanol, are considered as potential candidates for renewable, locally produced fuels capable of serving as a drop-in replacement fuel for gasoline, as an alternative to ethanol which poses material compatibility and other drawbacks. While the injected quantity of fuel is typically a linear function of the time the injector coil is energized, the flow through the port fuel injector is complex, non ideal, and not necessarily laminar, and considering that butanol has much higher viscosity than gasoline, an experimental investigation was conducted. A production injector, coupled to a production fueling system, and driven by a pulse width generator was operated at various pulse lengths and frequencies, covering the range of engine rpm and loads on a car engine. The results suggest that at least at room temperature, the fueling rate remains to be a linear function of the pulse width for both n-butanol and isobutanol, and the volumes of fuel injected are comparable for gasoline and both butanol isomers