Contribution of Azospirillum brasilense to nitrogen fertilization for maize crops planted successively to soybean crops

Maize is very important in Brazilian agribusiness: it is the second most produced grain in the country. Crops need to be fertilized, especially with nitrogen, to achieve high yields. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of Azospirillum brasilense in maximizing the use of nitrogen by maize crops after soybean cultivation in the same soil. This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos unit. The experiment consisted of planting maize in the same soil where soybeans had previously been grown, with a strip- and split-plot design. The seeds in one strip were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, and those in the other strip were not. Each strip was divided into 24 plots measuring 18 m², which received nitrogen doses as urea (0, 10, 35, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha−1 of N), in four replications. Seed inoculation did not result in statistical differences. The plots that received the treatment with chemical nitrogen fertilization exhibited the same results as those that did not, which can be explained by the previous soybean cultivation letting nitrogen in the soil and/or by the effect of Azospirillum brasilense

PRINCIPAIS COMPLICAÇÕES RESPIRATÓRIAS PROVENIENTES DO PARTO PREMATURO

A partir do nascimento prematuro, aumentam-se os riscos de complicações respiratórias devido ao desenvolvimento incompleto do aparelho respiratório. O pulmão do bebê prematuro ainda não apresenta quantidades suficientes de surfactante, o que aumenta a probabilidade de colabamento pulmonar, causando transtornos nas trocas gasosas pulmonares. Isso predispõe patologias como a síndrome do desconforto respiratório e apneia, ambas sendo prejudiciais ao bebê pela deficiência na oxigenação, fato que causa diversas outras complicações. Este estudo objetivou discutir a ocorrência e principais tratamentos contra a disfunção respiratória do prematuro, evidenciados a partir da leitura nacional e internacional. Para tal, foi realizada pesquisa a partir de dados de artigos pesquisados em bancos de dados online, publicados entre os anos de 2010 e 2016, pelos quais obteve-se a ocorrência, definição, tratamento e evidências descobertas a partir dos estudos. Tais dados evidenciam que a morbidade, os números de ocorrência de apneia e SDR ocorreram majoritariamente nos neonatos prematuros em comparação com os nascidos a termo. Os tratamentos citados demonstraram grande eficácia, sendo recomendados para reverter os efeitos causados pelas patologias, visando diminuir a necessidade de ventilação mecânicas para os prematuros. Ademais, notou-se que o comparecimento às consultas pré-natais é fator de proteção para a prematuridade e consequentemente para as síndromes respiratórias

Sífilis Congênita: desafios da assistência pré-natal e suas consequências

RESUMO: A sífilis congênita é causa de grande morbidade na vida intrauterina e leva a desfechos negativos em grande parte dos casos. É transmitida verticalmente através do patógeno Treponema pallidum, quando há falha no tratamento da gestante e pode acontecer em qualquer fase da doença. Objetivou-se analisar os dados da literatura, visando relacionar os dados crescentes da sífilis com suas possíveis causas e consequências, atentando para a atenção primária de saúde no Brasil. Esta revisão se deu a partir da leitura de 20 artigos científicos, sendo que 13 são da base de dados Scielo, 3 do Pubmed e 4 do LILACS e buscou dados epidemiológicos, fatores agravantes, relação com o pré-natal, a escolaridade, raça, classe social e as dificuldades no tratamento da sífilis congênita. Foram encontrados índices de prevalência da sífilis em gestantes de 1,4% a 2,8%. É fato que cerca de 12 milhões de pessoas adultas são acometidos anualmente, sendo que 90% destas estão em países em desenvolvimento. O pré-natal é de suma importância para o diagnóstico precoce e tratamento correto das gestantes; a menor frequência de atendimento pré-natal foi associada aos desfechos de óbito fetal ou infantil, bem como a alta proporção de mortalidade fetal entre as mães que foram testadas no momento do parto. Foram também encontrados dados quanto às dificuldades na terapêutica, que são principalmente relacionadas à falta da penicilina e ao tratamento inadequado do parceiro. Após averiguar tais dados, foi percebida a correlação entre a situação da sífilis e a qualidade da assistência pré-natal.Palavras-chave:Sífilis Congênita. Transmissão vertical de doença infecciosa. Atenção Primária à Saúde

Inserção dos Educandos do Campo no Ensino Técnico: relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão

Neste artigo é apresentado o relato de experiência do projeto de extensão denominado “Inserção dos Educandos do Campo no Ensino Técnico” (Passos/MG). O objetivo da atividade foi explorar a época de vestibular para os cursos técnicos, época em que os educandos apresentam interesse no assunto, e assim abordou-se educação profissionalizante na educação dos educandos do campo, na série final do ensino fundamental com adolescentes de 13 a 15 anos.

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

Delayed colorectal cancer care during covid-19 pandemic (decor-19). Global perspective from an international survey

Background The widespread nature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been unprecedented. We sought to analyze its global impact with a survey on colorectal cancer (CRC) care during the pandemic. Methods The impact of COVID-19 on preoperative assessment, elective surgery, and postoperative management of CRC patients was explored by a 35-item survey, which was distributed worldwide to members of surgical societies with an interest in CRC care. Respondents were divided into two comparator groups: 1) ‘delay’ group: CRC care affected by the pandemic; 2) ‘no delay’ group: unaltered CRC practice. Results A total of 1,051 respondents from 84 countries completed the survey. No substantial differences in demographics were found between the ‘delay’ (745, 70.9%) and ‘no delay’ (306, 29.1%) groups. Suspension of multidisciplinary team meetings, staff members quarantined or relocated to COVID-19 units, units fully dedicated to COVID-19 care, personal protective equipment not readily available were factors significantly associated to delays in endoscopy, radiology, surgery, histopathology and prolonged chemoradiation therapy-to-surgery intervals. In the ‘delay’ group, 48.9% of respondents reported a change in the initial surgical plan and 26.3% reported a shift from elective to urgent operations. Recovery of CRC care was associated with the status of the outbreak. Practicing in COVID-free units, no change in operative slots and staff members not relocated to COVID-19 units were statistically associated with unaltered CRC care in the ‘no delay’ group, while the geographical distribution was not. Conclusions Global changes in diagnostic and therapeutic CRC practices were evident. Changes were associated with differences in health-care delivery systems, hospital’s preparedness, resources availability, and local COVID-19 prevalence rather than geographical factors. Strategic planning is required to optimize CRC care

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

© 2020 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons LtdBackground: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P < 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien\u2013Dindo classification system. Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9\ub72 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4\u20137) and 7 (6\u20138) days respectively (P &lt; 0\ub7001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6\ub76 versus 8\ub70 per cent; P = 0\ub7499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0\ub790, 95 per cent c.i. 0\ub755 to 1\ub746; P = 0\ub7659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34\ub77 versus 39\ub75 per cent; major 3\ub73 versus 3\ub74 per cent; P = 0\ub7110). Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function.Methods: A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system.Results: A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9.2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6.6 versus 8.0 per cent; P = 0.499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0.90, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.46; P = 0.659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34.7 versus 39.5 per cent; major 3.3 versus 3.4 per cent; P = 0.110).Conclusion: Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients

Safety of hospital discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery

Background Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien-Dindo classification system. Results A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9 center dot 2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4-7) and 7 (6-8) days respectively (P &lt; 0 center dot 001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6 center dot 6 versus 8 center dot 0 per cent; P = 0 center dot 499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0 center dot 90, 95 per cent c.i. 0 center dot 55 to 1 center dot 46; P = 0 center dot 659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34 center dot 7 versus 39 center dot 5 per cent; major 3 center dot 3 versus 3 center dot 4 per cent; P = 0 center dot 110). Conclusion Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients