Debate e consenso no Dialogo del Reggimento di Firenze de Francesco Guicciardini

O artigo analisa o Dialogo del Reggimento di Firenze de FrancescoGuicciardini, escritor florentino do século XVI. Defende-se que oconceito de ragionamento, como abordado pelo autor, aponta a centralidadeda prática do debate e da busca de consenso como alicerces deuma “República bem-ordenada”. Argumenta-se que a forma dialógicaempregada visa à reprodução de uma situação de produção de persuasão,em que a definição do melhor governo possível resulta do ragionamentoentre homens prudentes.This article analyses the sixteenth’s century Florentine writerFrancesco Guicciardini’s Dialogo del Reggimento di Firenze. One arguesthat the concept of ragionamento, as it’s presented in Guicciardini’s text,points both the centrality of the debate’s practice and the search for consensusas grounds for the formation of a “well-ordered Republic”. Onealso sustains that the text’s dialogical form is associated to the productionof persuasion, which is a main concern of the prudent men, responsiblefor the definition of the best government possible

Aby Warburg e a pós-vida das Pathosformeln antigas

This article analyzes the concepts of “afterlife” of Antiquity (das Nachleben der Antike) and “pathosformula” (Pathosformel), employed by the German historian of Renaissance’s art and culture Aby Warburg (1866-1929). One argues that the idea of “afterlife” of Antiquity differs from both the notions of reawakening of the ancient world, as conceived by the Swiss historian Jacob Burckhardt, as Johann Joachim Winckelmann’s concept of imitation of the ancients. One also argues that the concept of “afterlife” should be understood in light of Nietzsche’s ideas of“Apollonian” and “Dyonisian” and Warburg’s notion of Pathosformel. One finally discusses some of the forms of “afterlife” of Antiquity studied by Warburg, as the topic of the Nymph.O artigo analisa os conceitos de "pós-vida" da Antiguidade (das Nachleben der Antike) e de"fórmula de páthos" (Pathosformel), como pensados pelo historiador da arte e da cultura o alemão Aby Warburg (1866-1929) em seus escritos sobre o Renascimento. Argumenta-se aqui que o conceito de "pós-vida" da Antiguidade diferencia-se tanto das ideias de redespertar da Antiguidade, como pensada pelo historiador suíço Jacob Burckhardt, como de imitação dos antigos, tal qual sugerida pelo historiador da arte Johann Joachim Winckelmann, devendo ser compreendido à luz dos conceitos nietzscheanos de "apolíneo" e "dionisíaco" e da noção de Pathosformel, um neologismo do próprio Warburg. Em seguida, são discutidas algumas das formas de "pós-vida" da Antiguidade estudadas por Warburg, como o tema da Ninfa

The Changing Landscape for Stroke\ua0Prevention in AF: Findings From the GLORIA-AF Registry Phase 2

Background GLORIA-AF (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation) is a prospective, global registry program describing antithrombotic treatment patterns in patients with newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation at risk of stroke. Phase 2 began when dabigatran, the first non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC), became available. Objectives This study sought to describe phase 2 baseline data and compare these with the pre-NOAC era collected during phase 1. Methods During phase 2, 15,641 consenting patients were enrolled (November 2011 to December 2014); 15,092 were eligible. This pre-specified cross-sectional analysis describes eligible patients\u2019 baseline characteristics. Atrial fibrillation disease characteristics, medical outcomes, and concomitant diseases and medications were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results Of the total patients, 45.5% were female; median age was 71 (interquartile range: 64, 78) years. Patients were from Europe (47.1%), North America (22.5%), Asia (20.3%), Latin America (6.0%), and the Middle East/Africa (4.0%). Most had high stroke risk (CHA2DS2-VASc [Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age  6575 years, Diabetes mellitus, previous Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65 to 74 years, Sex category] score  652; 86.1%); 13.9% had moderate risk (CHA2DS2-VASc = 1). Overall, 79.9% received oral anticoagulants, of whom 47.6% received NOAC and 32.3% vitamin K antagonists (VKA); 12.1% received antiplatelet agents; 7.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. For comparison, the proportion of phase 1 patients (of N = 1,063 all eligible) prescribed VKA was 32.8%, acetylsalicylic acid 41.7%, and no therapy 20.2%. In Europe in phase 2, treatment with NOAC was more common than VKA (52.3% and 37.8%, respectively); 6.0% of patients received antiplatelet treatment; and 3.8% received no antithrombotic treatment. In North America, 52.1%, 26.2%, and 14.0% of patients received NOAC, VKA, and antiplatelet drugs, respectively; 7.5% received no antithrombotic treatment. NOAC use was less common in Asia (27.7%), where 27.5% of patients received VKA, 25.0% antiplatelet drugs, and 19.8% no antithrombotic treatment. Conclusions The baseline data from GLORIA-AF phase 2 demonstrate that in newly diagnosed nonvalvular atrial fibrillation patients, NOAC have been highly adopted into practice, becoming more frequently prescribed than VKA in Europe and North America. Worldwide, however, a large proportion of patients remain undertreated, particularly in Asia and North America. (Global Registry on Long-Term Oral Antithrombotic Treatment in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation [GLORIA-AF]; NCT01468701

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

[pt] TIMONEIROS: RETÓRICA, PRUDÊNCIA E HISTÓRIA EM MAQUIAVEL E GUICCIARDINI

O conceito de prudência possui centralidade em Maquiavel e Guicciardini, sendo empregado para qualificar o bom juízo, a celeridade decisória e a aguçada capacidade de avaliar as transformações da realidade. Os prudentes, além de reunirem em si as qualidades citadas, devem ser capazes de articular os produtos do cálculo cuidadoso da realidade na forma de textos ou orações regrados segundo preceitos definidos em tratados clássicos de arte retórica. Abrem-se, assim, dois horizontes distintos, porém mutuamente dependentes, em torno da prudência. De um lado, a ênfase no cálculo e medida das coisas do mundo, com destaque para a questão dos efeitos, ou seja, os possíveis resultados das ações dos governantes e demais agentes envolvidos nos processos de tomada de decisões em Repúblicas, principados, reinos ou estados papais; de outro, a representação de uma performance letrada da prudência em textos compostos segundo preceitos éticoretóricos- poéticos convencionais. Trata-se, nesta tese, da discussão desta dupla dimensão acerca da prudência, com ênfase no exame das histórias compostas por Maquiavel e Guicciardini.The concept of prudence is vital for the appropriate understanding of Machiavelli and Guicciardini`s texts, being used in order to qualify the good judgment, the ability to make fast decisions and the acute comprehension of the transformations of reality. The prudent men must also be capable of articulating the products of the careful analysis of the reality`s movements in texts composed according to the precepts established in classical treatises of rhetoric. Thus one institutes two distinct, however mutually dependent, horizons concerning prudence. On the one hand, the emphasis on the calculation and measure of the things of the world - the possible results of the actions of governors and the other agents responsible for taking decisions in Republics, Principalities, Kingdoms or Papal States. On the other hand, the representation of prudence`s literate performance in texts composed according to the ethical and rhetorical and poetical rules established by the tradition. This thesis discusses this double character associated to prudence, especially through the exam of the histories composed by Machiavelli and Guicciardini

O Melhor Governo Possível: Francesco Guicciardini e o Método Prudencial de Análise da Política

Dans cet article, on examine les fondements de la méthode “prudentielle” d´analyse de la politique développée par Francesco Guicciardini, homme d´état et écrivain florentin du XVIe siècle. On montre que cette méthode part d´une distinction analytique entre “diversités substantielles” et “diversités accidentelles” des choses humaines, laquelle permet de tisser des arguments nécessaires ou probables, respectivement, à l´analyste prudent de la réalité, doté de discrezione et d´un “regard pénétrant” – fruit de l´association entre “prudence naturelle”, expérience dans les affaires publiques, large connaissance des “histoires anciennes et modernes” et raison pratique. Un telle méthode constitue la base des réflexions de Guicciardini en ce qui concerne la prise de décisions politiques et les possibilités de transformation du reggimento (gouvernement) de la ville de Florence