La participación activa del estudiante en la presentación de sus trabajos grupales: revista científica aula

Se presenta la experiencia en la redacción y edición de una revista científica en el aula, llevada a cabo en la asignatura de Trabajo Social y Mediación del Grado de Trabajo Social de la Universidad Complutense. Realidad que ha permitido captar la participación activa de los estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura y entrenar a los alumnos en el rigor científico que requiere la publicación de artículos. Ejercicio que ha fortalecido la adquisición de competencias específicas marcadas en la asignatura como el fortalecimiento de las competencias transversales de la titulación. La dificultad de los estudiantes en la elaboración de trabajos científicos ha sido superada desde la motivación a colaborar en la presentación y edición de la revista científica. Se les informo de que esta experiencia vendría a mejorar sus competencias transversales para futuras asignaturas como el Trabajo Fin de Grado. La necesidad de trabajar las competencias necesarias para futuras asignaturas aumenta su motivación y comprensión de cómo y de qué forma las adquieren. Los estudiantes necesitan tener una clara percepción del aprendizaje de las competencias que adquieren a lo largo de su proceso de formación

Estimation of stresses in arterial tissue: from residual stresses to material parameters

In the past decades a considerable amount of literature has been published addressing the study of the mechanical behavior of arterial walls. In these works, researchers have developed constitutive models and characterized the typical ranges for the values of material parameters of vascular tissues. Moreover, the existence of residual stresses in configurations free of loads was revealed, and its impact in the general stress state of the tissue was quantified. Currently, ex-vivo experiments such as inflation-extension tests and biaxial stress tests are extensively used for the estimation of the constitutive parameters in arterial wall probes. Also, destructive experiments involving radial cutting of specimens and the separation of arterial layers are used to identify layer-specific residual deformations (and stresses). For the latter scenario, material parameters are assumed to be known. In this context, a technique for the simultaneous characterization of residual deformations and material parameters in the arterial wall is proposed. This approach is based on data tipically obtained from inflation-extension tests, assuming that the material configuration and the radial displacement of the vessel is known for different load conditions given by fixed axial stretch and internal pressure values. The characterization problem is tackled through the minimization of a cost functional that measures the mechanical disequilibrium of the known material configuration and the discrepancy between the predicted and observed displacement of the outer vessel boundary. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology a manufactured-solution example is presented.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no. 9.Facultad de Ingenierí

Estimation of stresses in arterial tissue: from residual stresses to material parameters

In the past decades a considerable amount of literature has been published addressing the study of the mechanical behavior of arterial walls. In these works, researchers have developed constitutive models and characterized the typical ranges for the values of material parameters of vascular tissues. Moreover, the existence of residual stresses in configurations free of loads was revealed, and its impact in the general stress state of the tissue was quantified. Currently, ex-vivo experiments such as inflation-extension tests and biaxial stress tests are extensively used for the estimation of the constitutive parameters in arterial wall probes. Also, destructive experiments involving radial cutting of specimens and the separation of arterial layers are used to identify layer-specific residual deformations (and stresses). For the latter scenario, material parameters are assumed to be known. In this context, a technique for the simultaneous characterization of residual deformations and material parameters in the arterial wall is proposed. This approach is based on data tipically obtained from inflation-extension tests, assuming that the material configuration and the radial displacement of the vessel is known for different load conditions given by fixed axial stretch and internal pressure values. The characterization problem is tackled through the minimization of a cost functional that measures the mechanical disequilibrium of the known material configuration and the discrepancy between the predicted and observed displacement of the outer vessel boundary. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology a manufactured-solution example is presented.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no. 9.Facultad de Ingenierí

Estimation of stresses in arterial tissue: from residual stresses to material parameters

In the past decades a considerable amount of literature has been published addressing the study of the mechanical behavior of arterial walls. In these works, researchers have developed constitutive models and characterized the typical ranges for the values of material parameters of vascular tissues. Moreover, the existence of residual stresses in configurations free of loads was revealed, and its impact in the general stress state of the tissue was quantified. Currently, ex-vivo experiments such as inflation-extension tests and biaxial stress tests are extensively used for the estimation of the constitutive parameters in arterial wall probes. Also, destructive experiments involving radial cutting of specimens and the separation of arterial layers are used to identify layer-specific residual deformations (and stresses). For the latter scenario, material parameters are assumed to be known. In this context, a technique for the simultaneous characterization of residual deformations and material parameters in the arterial wall is proposed. This approach is based on data tipically obtained from inflation-extension tests, assuming that the material configuration and the radial displacement of the vessel is known for different load conditions given by fixed axial stretch and internal pressure values. The characterization problem is tackled through the minimization of a cost functional that measures the mechanical disequilibrium of the known material configuration and the discrepancy between the predicted and observed displacement of the outer vessel boundary. To illustrate the feasibility of the proposed methodology a manufactured-solution example is presented.Publicado en: Mecánica Computacional vol. XXXV, no. 9.Facultad de Ingenierí

Protective Yeasts Control V. anguillarum Pathogenicity and Modulate the Innate Immune Response of Challenged Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Larvae

Indexación: Web of ScienceWe investigated mechanisms involved in the protection of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae by two probiotic candidate yeasts, Debaryornyces hansenii 97 (Dh97) and Yarrowia Iypolitica 242 (YI242), against a Vibrio anguillarum challenge. We determined the effect of different yeast concentrations (10(4)-10(7) CFU/mL) to: (i) protect larvae from the challenge, (ii) reduce the in vivo pathogen concentration and (iii) modulate the innate immune response of the host. To evaluate the role of zebrafish microbiota in protection, the experiments were performed in conventionally raised and germ free larvae. In vitro co-aggregation assays were performed to determine a direct yeast-pathogen interaction. Results showed that both yeasts significantly increased the survival rate of conventionally raised larvae challenged with V. anguillarum. The concentration of yeasts in larvae tended to increase with yeast inoculum, which was more pronounced for Dh97. Better protection was observed with Dh97 at a concentration of 106 CFU/mL compared to 104 CFU/mL. In germ-free conditions V anguillarum reached higher concentrations in larvae and provoked significantly more mortality than in conventional conditions, revealing the protective role of the host microbiota. Interestingly, yeasts were equally (Dh97) or more effective (YI242) in protecting germ-free than conventionally-raised larvae, showing that protection can be exerted only by yeasts and is not necessarily related to modulation of the host microbiota. Although none of the yeasts co aggregated with V anguillarum, they were able to reduce its proliferation in conventionally raised larvae, reduce initial pathogen concentration in germ-free larvae and prevent the upregulation of key components of the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory response (il1b, tnfa, c3, mpx, and il10, respectively). These results show that protection by yeasts of zebrafish larvae challenged with V anguillarum relates to an in vivo anti-pathogen effect, the modulation of the innate immune system, and suggests that yeasts avoid the host-pathogen interaction through mechanisms independent of co-aggregation. This study shows, for the first time, the protective role of zebrafish microbiota against V. anguillarum infection, and reveals mechanisms involved in protection by two non-Saccharomyces yeasts against this pathogen.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fcimb.2016.00127/ful

Application of Machine Learning in the Identification and Prediction of Maritime Accident Factors

[Abstract] Artificial intelligence seems to be a new point of view to classical problems that, in the past, could not be understood in depth, leaving certain gaps in each knowledge area. As an example of this, maritime accidents are one of the most recognised international problems, with clear environmental and human life consequences. From the beginning, statistical studies have shown that not only the typical sampled variables must be considered but the accidents are related to human factors that, at the same time, are related to some variables like fatigue that cannot be easily sampled. In this research work, the use of machine learning algorithms on over 300 maritime accidents is proposed to identify the relationship between human factors and the main variables. The results showed that compliance with the minimum crew members and ship length are the two most relevant variables related to each accident for the Spanish Search and Rescue (SAR) region, as well as the characteristics of the ships. These accidents could be understood as three main groups of accidents related to the general tendency to not meet the minimum number of crew members and its difference in the year of construction of the ship. Finally, it was possible to use neural networks to model accidents with sufficient accuracy (determination factor higher than 0.60), which is particularly interesting in the context of a control system for maritime transport

Economic valuation of environmental services of the ecological reserve Mache Chindul, Ecuador climate regulation

Environmental services are all those benefits that a population obtains from ecosystems. Ecological book, as part of terrestrial ecosystems, offer important environmental services, including the protection of draining basins, biodiversity conservation, and carbon retention in the soil. Other functions are to collect water for the aquiferous systems, which affects its own quality, by filtering, absorbing and retaining some polluting agents, which are prevented from going to the reservoirs. They also contribute to regulating temperature and moisture, which improves air quality, all of which are factors related to quality of life. In this research the importance of the identification and economic valuation of the environmental services of an ecological reserve is highlighted as an instrument for conservation and sustainable use of ecosystems. Throughout this study, the impact of the Mache-Chindul ecological reserve is analyzed in relation to climate regulation, based on the current scenario of climate change. To conduct an economical valuation is only possible if there is an adequate understanding of the role that natural resources and biological biodiversity play from a socio-economical perspective

Exploring the logic of mobile search

After more than a decade of development work and hopes, the usage of mobile Internet has finally taken off. Now, we are witnessing the first signs of evidence of what might become the explosion of mobile content and applications that will be shaping the (mobile) Internet of the future. Similar to the wired Internet, search will become very relevant for the usage of mobile Internet. Current research on mobile search has applied a limited set of methodologies and has also generated a narrow outcome of meaningful results. This article covers new ground, exploring the use and visions of mobile search with a users' interview-based qualitative study. Its main conclusion builds upon the hypothesis that mobile search is sensitive to a mobile logic different than today's one. First, (advanced) users ask for accessing with their mobile devices the entire Internet, rather than subsections of it. Second, success is based on new added-value applications that exploit unique mobile functionalities. The authors interpret that such mobile logic involves fundamentally the use of personalised and context-based services

Sport Injuries in School and Extracurricular Activities in the Community of Madrid (Spain)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la epidemiología lesional deportiva de las actividades desarrolladas bajo responsabilidad docente (Educación Física, recreo y actividades extraescolares) en centros de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria (ESO). Participaron 1.050 estudiantes (edad media 13,9 ± 1,3 años) que cumplimentaron un cuestionario sobre lesiones deportivas. De las 848 lesiones registradas en total, 319 (172 en chicos y 147 en chicas) ocurrieron en actividades desarrolladas bajo responsabilidad docente (0,30 lesiones/estudiante). Las actividades extraescolares fueron el ámbito con mayor promedio de lesiones (0,12 por estudiante). Se observó una mayor incidencia lesional a los 13 años y una menor probabilidad de que las lesiones ocurriesen en los chicos (OR = 0,64 (0,49-0,85); p < 0,05). Los esguinces y las contusiones fueron las lesiones más frecuentes, especialmente en tobillo y rodilla. Un 27,3% de las lesiones impidieron al alumnado participar activamente en las sesiones de Educación Física durante más de tres díasThis study aimed to analyse the epidemiology of sport injuries that occurred during activities performed under teacher supervision (Physical Education, break and extracurricular activities), at high school. A questionnaire regarding sport injuries were administered to 1050 students (mean age 13.9 ± 1.3 years). Out of the 848 sport injuries registered, 319 (172 in boys and 147 in girls) took place during activities performed under teacher supervision, (0.30 injuries/student). Extracurricular activities were the scenario in which the highest injury rate (0.12) was observed. There was a higher incidence of injury at age 13 and a lower likelihood of injuries occurring in boys (OR = 0.64 (0.49-0.85); p < 0.05). Sprains and contusions were the type of injury most frequently observed, especially in areas such as ankles and knees. A total of 27.3% of the injuries reported prevented the students from actively participating in the Physical Education sessions for more than three day