Accounting learning objectives when selecting the content of teaching mathematics in colleges technical profile

The article deals with pedagogical approaches to the formulation of common goals of teaching mathematics at technical colleges. Determined the effect of the learning objectives for the selection of content. The influence of the principles of content selection to achieve the objectives of teaching mathematicsВ статье рассматриваются педагогические подходы к постановке общих целей обучения математике в колледжах технического профиля. Определяется влияние целей обучения на отбор содержания. Установлено влияние принципов отбора содержания на достижение целей обучения математик

Gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with diseases of the respiratory tract

The European community of gastroenterologists in 1997 recognized GERB as "illness of the 21st century". Diseases of a respiratory tract take the leading place among all extra esophageal implications of a gastroesophageal reflux disease. Among them bronchial asthma and a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are the most widespread. The study of the features of the current and modern methods of diagnosing bronchial asthma, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease is of great importance for identifying potential obstacles to effective treatment and preventing an increase in the risk of hospitalizations of patients with this co-morbid pathology. The morbidity of the pathology of the respiratory tract, combined with gastroesophageal reflux disease, is steadily growing. There is a large number of publications concerning the relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease and diseases of the bronchopulmonary system, but the etiopathogenesis and the cause-and-effect relationship of these diseases remain in question. 1t is interesting to note that the syndrome of obstructive sleep apnea is not included in the list of extra-oesophageal manifestations, both probably and reliably associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (according to the Montreal Consensus, 2006), but is of great interest to researchers in recent years

Current State of Pasture Vegetation of the Arid Zone (On the Example of Key Rural Municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia)

The article presents the results of field observations over 2012–2018 carried out by the Department of Environmental Research of the Institute for Complex Studies of Arid Territories. The work includes materials on the climatic review and the original results of geobotanical investigation of 5 farms in rural municipalities of the Republic of Kalmykia (RK) over the period of the study. We used materials of a large geobotanical survey of YUZHNIIGIPROZEM Company (1991–1995) and materials of earth remote sensing (by Landsat satellite). According to the studies, the period from 2012 to 2018 demonstrates a general trend of climate warming throughout the territory of Kalmykia accompanied by a decrease in precipitation and an increase in extreme droughts in the summer. Geoecological monitoring of pastures at five key sites of the RK revealed that in the dry steppe zone (Manych municipality) and in the semi-desert zone (Khanatinsky municipality), deterioration of pastures is observed; in the desert zone (Adykovskoye municipality), significant degradation processes were identified associated with strong anthropogenic impact and fires, manifested in the loss of valuable food crops (wormwood) and increased influence of cereal crops. Floristic and phytocenotic analyzes revealed an increase in the number of plant species in the weed and ruderal groups

Optical Properties of Cu2S/SnS2 Precursor Layers for the Preparation of Kesterite Cu2SnS3 Photovoltaic Absorber

The Cu2S and SnS2 layers have been prepared by the chemical bath deposition method. The results of SEM and EDX analyses confirm a high stoichiometry of the synthesized semiconductor thin films. The optical properties of the Cu2S and SnS2 layers have been studied, and the optical band gap values have been determined. Keywords: thin films, sulfides, band gap, hydrochemical deposition, transmittance, photovoltaic absorbe

DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF HYBRID PEACH CULTIVARS BRED AT NIKITSKY BOTANICAL GARDENS

Peach is notable for its drought resistance as well as sensibility to moisture conditions. Therefore, improvement of breeding material and development of drought-resistant varieties can be numbered among our most pressing tasks. The object of research was 39 peach hybrid forms developed at Nikitsky Botanical Gardens. Throughout the research period the total water content in the leaves of hybrid forms amounted to 50.2-58.9%. The water deficit in leaves ranged from 11.2 to 25.9%. In the process of wilting the leaves of peach hybrid forms lost 26.4-39.8% of moisture content within 24 hours. High regeneration capacity of leaf surface (up to 86.2%) was observed in 3 early and 5 midripening forms. This research allowed us to identify hybrid forms with high drought tolerance, including 5 early-, 4 mid- and 1 late-ripening forms

The role of non-commercial cyprinids in maintenance and spread of the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin (Tomsk region, Russia)

The study assessed the role of non-commercial cyprinid species in maintaining the opisthorchiasis focus in the middle Ob River basin, Tomsk region, Russia. The source of O. felineus infection for humans and carnivores is fish of the family Cyprinidae. This is the most numerous family, 14 species live in the middle Ob River basin, which includes 6 commercial species and 8 non-commercial species. This study aimed to investigate the current situation on infestation of non-commercial cyprinids with O. felineus metacercariae and their role in maintaining and spreading the natural focus of opisthorchiasis in the middle Ob River basin. We investigated 4 non-commercial species (tench, sunbleak, common bleak, gudgeon), which are highly abundant in water bodies. Tench, common bleak and gudgeon are objects of amateur fishing. These species are traditionally included in the diet of the local population. Opisthorchis felineus metacercariae were recorded in muscles of all the examined fish species. The identification of metacercariae was confirmed by morphological methods and PCR diagnostics. Tench and sunbleak are the main sources of opisthorchiasis infection in the floodplain lakes of the Ob River basin (the prevalence of tench infection is 89.3% and mean intensity of infection is 11.2 metacercariae per fish, the prevalence of sunbleak infection is 50.9% and the intensity of infection is 4.25 metacercariae per fish). The prevalence of infection in the introduced common bleak from the rivers of the middle Ob River basin is rapidly increasing from 2.4 (2016-2018) to 37.5% (2020-2021), and mean intensity of infection increased from 1 to 4.15. The epizootic state of water bodies in the middle Ob River basin remains unfavorable in relation to opisthorchiasis. Tench, common bleak and sunbleak, along with ide and dace, are the main source of infection for humans and animals, which is evidenced by high infection with Opisthorchis felineus metacercariae in these numerous fish species. They pose the greatest danger of infection of people and animals with opisthorchiasis. These species should be included in the campaign to avoid raw and poorly cooked fish in the diet. In addition, such species as roach, bream and sunbleak also pose the danger of infection with opisthorchiasis, but to a lesser extent

PERSONALITY TYPE D AND THE LEVEL OF SUBCLINICAL INFLAMMATION MARKERS IN CHD PATIENTS

Aim. To study the level of biomarkers of subclinical inflammation in CHD patients with existence of absence of personality type D.Material and methods. In 62 patients with stable CHD before planned CBG operation we assessed concentrations: of matrix metalloproteases -2, -3, -9, tissue inhibitor of matrix proteases -1, -2, C-reactive protein, soluble CD40 ligand, tumor necrosis factor alpha. For further study we selected two groups: 1 group (n=27) — patients with type D and 2 group (n=35) — with non-D type. Personality type was defined with DS-14 questionnaire. Patients were asked 14 questions with 5 variants of responses to each. Counting of points was done by two scales: negative irritability and social suppression. Type D was set if 10 points and more by each of the scales. All patients underwent: general and biochemical blood tests, echocardiography, color duplex scanning of brachiocephalic arteries and coronary angiography.Results. In intergroup comparison both groups were comparable by the most anamnestic and clinical parameters. There were no any differences in the instrumental assessments data. In type D patients there was higher level of MMP-9 (resp. 53,2 pg/mL and 66,5 pg/mL; р=0,051) and sCD40L (resp. 2,8 ng/mL and 5,7 ng/mL; р=0,013) comparing with those non-D-type. The level of other biomarkers in groups did not differ, concentration of MMP-2 and TNF-α were slightly higher among type-D, of the others — among non-D-typers. There were also statistically significant negative correlations of type-D and MMP-9 and sCD40L.Conclusion. In CHD patients, examined before coronary bypass operation, presence of type D personality was not followed by the increase of subclinical inflammation markers level comparing to patients without such type. In type-D patients there was increase of platelet activation markers activation, that associates with adverse outcomes in CHD

Study of the advantages and risks of electronic retail trade in medicines

One of the most important issues of interest to scientists and practitioners of pharmacy is medicines quality assurance at all stages of their life cycle. From 2021 in Ukraine, the retail trade of medicines via the Internet was allowed. The system of electronic (distance) retail trade (ERT) has its obvious advantages for consumers of pharmaceutical services, but also its potential risks for the medicines quality being sold. The aim of the study is analysis of legislative innovations on ERT in medicines, determination of advantages and possible problems of ERT in medicines, identification of potential risks to the medicines quality during ERT and determination of organizational and practical measures to prevent and minimize them. The research materials were scientific publications, legislative and regulatory acts of Ukraine and the EU, public information of public authorities and pharmaceutical enterprises, data from own observations. The following methods were used in the work: system and content analysis, generalization, systematization, structural-logical, visual-graphic. The analysis of sources of scientific and professional literature showed that domestic and foreign scientists have studied the legal, socio-economic and marketing aspects of ERT in medicines. We studied this issue from the standpoint of quality assurance and risk management for the medicines quality. The paper provides a system and content analysis of legislative innovations on ERT in medicines, summarizes and systematizes the general and special requirements for the procedure for ERT in medicines, identifies the advantages and possible problems of ERT in medicines. The structural and logical scheme of the ERT in medicines process is developed. It is proposed to use this scheme as a basis for the regulation and documentation of the ERT in medicines process by developing appropriate regulatory and instructional documents (regulations or techniques for performing the process, standard operating procedures, work instructions, etc.). According to the research results, the potential risks for the medicines quality in the conditions of ERT are identified and the complex of organizational and practical measures for their prevention and minimization is determined. It is proposed to implement this complex in the overall risk management process for the medicines quality and pharmaceutical services, which should be an integral part of the quality management system of the pharmaceutical enterprise that performs ERT in medicines. These measures should be taken into account when developing standard operating procedures for different stages of ERT in medicines and documentation on risk management for the medicines quality (passports of risk profiles, risk register, risk management plan, etc.)

Проблема гипердиагностики синдрома экстравазальной компрессии позвоночных артерий

 Vertebral artery compression is a syndrome that occurs as a result of hemodynamically significant partial or complete obstruction of vertebral arteries by extravascular structures. In clinical practice, this condition is most often called vertebral artery syndrome. Any vertebral segments can be  compressed, but most often the lesion is determined at the level of C1–C2. Russian authors consider vertebral artery compression to be a common cause of a wide range of patient complaints, including dizziness, headaches, and subjective tinnitus. In some studies, it is reported that vertebral artery syndrome develops in 50% of patients with degenerative changes in the cervical spine.In the world literature, vertebral artery compression syndrome which is often referred to as “bow hunter’s syndrome” is called a rare pathology. Such a pronounced difference in the frequency of detection of vertebral artery compression in Russian and world literature may be associated with a lack of  common diagnostic criteria, low awareness of alternative diagnoses, and incorrect interpretation of patient complaints. It is obvious that these factors need to be corrected in order to reduce the likelihood of overdiagnosis of  vertebral artery compression syndrome and improve the quality of medical care.  Синдромом экстравазальной компрессии позвоночных артерий называют симптомокомплекс, возникающий в результате гемодинамически значимой частичной или полной обструкции позвоночных артерий экстравазальными структурами. В клинической практике  данное состояние чаще всего называют синдромом позвоночной артерии. Компрессии может быть подвержен любой сегмент, но наиболее часто поражение определяют на уровне С1–С2. Отечественные авторы считают  компрессию позвоночных артерий распространенной причиной широкого спектра жалоб пациента, включая головокружение, головные боли и субъективный шум в голове. В отдельных работах сообщают, что синдром позвоночной артерии развивается у 50% пациентов с дегенеративными изменениями шейного отдела позвоночника.В мировой литературе синдром компрессии позвоночных  артерий, который чаще именуется «синдром лучника» (bow hunter′s syndrome), называют редкой патологией. Чем  обусловлена столь выраженная разница частоты выявления компрессии позвоночных артерий в отечественной и мировой литературе? К возможным причинам указанного феномена могут быть отнесены: отсутствие единых  диагностических критериев, низкая осведомленность об альтернативных диагнозах и неверная интерпретация жалоб  пациента. Очевидным является необходимость  коррекции указанных факторов с целью снижения  вероятности гипердиагностики синдрома позвоночной артерии и повышения качества оказания медицинской  помощи.