MEASURING RACING WHEELCHAIR SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIABLES USING A PHONE CAMERA: A PRELIMINARY CONCURRENT VALIDITY STUDY

The purpose of this study was to assess the measurement agreement between a low-cost system (phone camera) and a reference optoelectronic system, to measure spatiotemporal variables that may be related to wheelchair racing performance: acceleration phase time, push time, backswing time, and maximal elbow height. Three regular wheelchair racers propelled at maximal velocity on a training roller. The temporal variables had a low disagreement between both systems (bias ± 1.96 std of less than 0.01 s ± 0.02 s), while for the maximal elbow height, a higher disagreement of 0.020 m ± 0.038 m was observed. Future improvements are required especially to measure the maximal elbow height. This method may have long term benefits both for the athletes and research, by including more wheelchair racing athletes in future biomechanics studies

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Recherche de moyens de dépistage et de prévention de la nodavirose du bar

Ce rapport clôture une collaboration, entreprise courant 97, entre l’Agence Nationale pour la Valorisation de la Recherche (ANVAR), l’Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments(AFSSA), le Syndicat National des Aquaculteurs Marins (SFAM) et l’Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER). Deux lignées de nodavirus infectant le bar ont été mises en évidence avec une pathogénie variable selon l'âge et les facteurs extérieurs. Ce virus s’est montré d’une résistance exceptionnelle aux facteurs tant physiques que chimiques. Les diagnostics existants ont été adaptés ou réabordés sous un angle différent. Une étude épidémiologique a été réalisée chez les producteurs. La vaccination par peptides synthétiques a permis de sélectionner un peptide potentiellement protecteur et des essais de vaccin par injection des plasmides directement chez le poisson ont été réalisés. La désinfection et l’inactivation du virus ont donné des bons résultats

Les sciences du psychisme et l’animal

Psychiatres droguant des chiens, psychologues bombardant des chèvres, psychothérapeutes arrachant des bébés singes à leurs mères pour les observer…, dans l’histoire animale les psys semblent suivre une ligne classique : celle d’une vision utilitaire des animaux, exploités et sacrifiés à l’usage du savoir. Comme ailleurs en science, interroger la présence des bêtes dans le champ psy conduirait donc surtout à retracer le fil de leurs souffrances. Ce numéro porte un autre regard sur ce lien entre animaux et psys. Examinant, entre autres, la psychologie zoologique du XIXe siècle, les zoothérapies contemporaines, ou le rôle des chows-chows dans la psychanalyse, ses contributeurs révèlent que les diverses disciplines de l’esprit ne se sont pas seulement construites contre les bêtes, mais également avec elles, dans des rapports d’influence et de collaboration mutuels. Les animaux ont certes servi de cobayes, mais ils ont aussi été des patients, des inspirateurs, et même des partenaires des psys. Dégageant leur participation méconnue à l’évolution des discours et des thérapeutiques psychiques, ce numéro invite ainsi à repenser la fabrique des sciences humaines au prisme de l’animalité. Psychiatrists drugging dogs, psychologists bombing goats with tests, psychotherapists taking baby monkeys away from their mothers to observe them: psychology as a whole seems to support a classically utilitarian view of animals, which are exploited and sacrificed for the requirements of knowledge. As elsewhere in the sciences, the question of animals in the field of psychology therefore leads us to the history of their suffering. This issue looks at the link between animals and psychologists from another angle. Examining, among other things, nineteenth-century zoological psychology, contemporary zootherapy, and the role of chows in psychoanalysis, its contributors show that the various disciplines of the mind have been established not only against, but also with animals, in a relationship of mutual influence and collaboration. Animals have indeed been used for experiments, but they have also been patients, inspirers, and even partners of psychologists.Their little-known contribution to the development of psychical discourses and therapies, as this issue shows, prompts us to rethink the construction of the human sciences in terms of the animal

Building a shared vision of the future for multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Lessons from a long term socio-ecological research site in south-western France

International audienceSocietal demand for multifunctional agricultural landscapes keeps increasing. To promote such landscapes, it is necessary to identify which components of landscape heterogeneity support multiple ecosystem services, as well as levers of action to promote these landscape properties. The social-ecological theoretical framework for multifunctional landscapes has inspired 40 years of research in the Long Term Socio-Ecological Research site of Vallées et Coteaux de Gascogne (VCG), which is part of the LTSER platform ZA PYGAR located in south-west France. Researchers from different domains of the social and biophysical sciences, have worked together in this LTSER site and gained a multidisciplinary understanding of both drivers of VCG landscape dynamics and the role of landscape heterogeneity for multiple ecosystem services. Local features of the VCG and social systems have interacted with global drivers and lead to the maintenance of a high level of landscape heterogeneity. We show how the different components of landscape heterogeneity influence cultural, provisioning, supporting, and regulating services. In collaboration with stakeholders, we developed scenarios to explore possible futures for the VCG landscapes and are now integrating models developed for the VCG to assess the consequences of these scenarios on landscape multifunctionality. This synthesis demonstrates how LTSER sites can be particularly relevant to explore the future of multifunctional agricultural landscapes

Multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Lessons from a Long Term Socio-Ecological Research site in South Western France

International audienc

Multifunctional agricultural landscapes. Lessons from a Long Term Socio-Ecological Research site in South Western France

International audienc

Intermediate- vs. Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation in Patients With COVID-19 Admitted in Medical Ward: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study

International audienceBackground: Microthrombosis and large-vessel thrombosis are the main triggers of COVID-19 worsening. The optimal anticoagulant regimen in COVID-19 patients hospitalized in medical wards remains unknown.Objectives: To evaluate the effects of intermediate-dose vs. standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation (AC) among patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in medical wards.Methods and results: We used a large French multicentric retrospective study enrolling 2,878 COVID-19 patients hospitalized in medical wards. After exclusion of patients who had an AC treatment before hospitalization, we generated a propensity-score-matched cohort of patients who were treated with intermediate-dose or standard-dose prophylactic AC between February 26 and April 20, 2020 (intermediate-dose, n = 261; standard-dose prophylactic anticoagulation, n = 763). The primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality; this occurred in 23 of 261 (8.8%) patients in the intermediate-dose group and 74 of 783 (9.4%) patients in the standard-dose prophylactic AC group (p = 0.85); while time to death was also the same in both the treatment groups (11.5 and 11.6 days, respectively, p = 0.17). We did not observe any difference regarding venous and arterial thrombotic events between the intermediate dose and standard dose, respectively (venous thrombotic events: 2.3 vs. 2.4%, p=0.99; arterial thrombotic events: 2.7 vs. 1.2%, p = 0.25). The 30-day Kaplan–Meier curves for in-hospital mortality demonstrate no statistically significant difference in in-hospital mortality (HR: 0.99 (0.63–1.60); p = 0.99). Moreover, we found that no particular subgroup was associated with a significant reduction in in-hospital mortality.Conclusion: Among COVID-19 patients hospitalized in medical wards, intermediate-dose prophylactic AC compared with standard-dose prophylactic AC did not result in a significant difference in in-hospital mortality

Varia

Photograph taken by Salt Lake Tribune staf

D-dimer at hospital admission for COVID-19 are associated with in-hospital mortality, independent of venous thromboembolism: Insights from a French multicenter cohort study

International audienceBackground: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been associated with coagulation disorders, in particular high concentrations of D-dimer, and increased frequency of venous thromboembolism.Aim: To explore the association between D-dimer at admission and in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19, with or without symptomatic venous thromboembolism.Methods: From 26 February to 20 April 2020, D-dimer concentration at admission and outcomes (in-hospital mortality and venous thromboembolism) of patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in medical wards were retrospectively analysed in a multicenter study in 24 French hospitals.Results: Among 2878 patients enrolled in the study, 1154 (40.1%) patients had D-dimer measurement at admission. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified a D-dimer concentration>1128ng/mL as the best cut-off value for in-hospital mortality (area under the curve 64.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 60-69), with a sensitivity of 71.1% (95% CI 62-78) and a specificity of 55.6% (95% CI 52-58), which did not differ in the subgroup of patients with venous thromboembolism during hospitalisation. Among 545 (47.2%) patients with D-dimer concentration>1128ng/mL at admission, 86 (15.8%) deaths occurred during hospitalisation. After adjustment, in Cox proportional hazards and logistic regression models, D-dimer concentration>1128ng/mL at admission was also associated with a worse prognosis, with an odds ratio of 3.07 (95% CI 2.05-4.69; P1128ng/mL is a relevant predictive factor for in-hospital mortality in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in a medical ward, regardless of the occurrence of venous thromboembolism during hospitalisation