The BAH domain of Rsc2 is a histone H3 binding domain

Bromo-adjacent homology (BAH) domains are commonly found in chromatin-associated proteins and fall into two classes; Remodels the Structure of Chromatin (RSC)-like or Sir3-like. Although Sir3-like BAH domains bind nucleosomes, the binding partners of RSC-like BAH domains are currently unknown. The Rsc2 subunit of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex contains an RSC-like BAH domain and, like the Sir3-like BAH domains, we find Rsc2 BAH also interacts with nucleosomes. However, unlike Sir3-like BAH domains, we find that Rsc2 BAH can bind to recombinant purified H3 in vitro, suggesting that the mechanism of nucleosome binding is not conserved. To gain insight into the Rsc2 BAH domain, we determined its crystal structure at 2.4 Å resolution. We find that it differs substantially from Sir3-like BAH domains and lacks the motifs in these domains known to be critical for making contacts with histones. We then go on to identify a novel motif in Rsc2 BAH that is critical for efficient H3 binding in vitro and show that mutation of this motif results in defective Rsc2 function in vivo. Moreover, we find this interaction is conserved across Rsc2-related proteins. These data uncover a binding target of the Rsc2 family of BAH domains and identify a novel motif that mediates this interaction

Evolutionary history of two amphibian pioneering species, the Parsley frog and the Natterjack toad inhabiting a highly human-modified habitat

La perte et la fragmentation des habitats générées par les activités humaines érodent la diversité génétique intra-spécifique, entrainant l’extinction de populations chez de nombreuses espèces. Paradoxalement, des habitats artificiels comme les terrils du nord de la France favorisent l’installation de populations sauvages. Néanmoins leur localisation au sein d’un paysage très anthropisé interroge sur la pérennité des populations qu’ils hébergent. Cette étude visait à étudier la diversité génétique neutre des populations de Bufo calamita et Pelodytes punctatus, deux espèces d’amphibiens établies dans le bassin houiller et dans des habitats littoraux plus sauvages. Des approches de génétique des populations ont permis de décrire les effets de différents processus micro-évolutifs sur les niveaux de diversité génétique, depuis le processus biogéographique de colonisation des terrils jusqu’au régime d’appariement dans une population, en passant par une analyse multi-espèces de la connectivité paysagère. Les populations de B. calamita du bassin houiller présentent de forts niveaux de diversité génétique pouvant résulter d’introductions d’individus de diverses localités. Toutefois, dans le bassin houiller, une forte différenciation génétique s’observe chez les deux espèces. Cela s’explique au moins en partie par la présence de barrières aux flux de gènes entre populations qui, à long terme, pourrait compromettre le maintien des populations. Enfin, le succès reproducteur inégal des mâles de B. calamita, qui pourrait induire des baisses de niveau diversité génétique intra-population, semble associé à une compétition entre mâles et implique plusieurs stratégies d’appariements.Human activities induce habitat loss and fragmentation that have an erosive effect on the level of intraspecific genetic diversity, decreasing the individual fitness and jeopardizing populations’ adaptive capability. Conversely, new human-made areas, such as spoil heaps of northern France, can provide suitable habitats for pioneering species. Spoil heaps being part of a highly human-fragmented landscape, the likelihood of population persistence is questioned given the scarcity of suitable habitats and the occurrence of potential barriers to dispersal. We studied the intraspecific genetic diversity of two anurans, Pelodytes punctatus and Bufo calamita, located in coalfield areas and semi-natural coastal habitats. We focused on the effects of micro-evolutionary processes of genetic drift and gene flow in shaping genetic structure. We studied (i) the biogeographical history of colonization of coalfield areas in B. calamita, (ii) the landscape connectivity using a multispecies approach, and (iii) the evolutionary determinants of variance in breeding success in B. calamita. In coalfield areas, B. calamita populations showed high levels of genetic diversity suggesting several independent colonization events. Nonetheless, marked local genetic discontinuities were observed within coalfield areas for both species, suggesting occurrence of environmental barriers impeding gene flow that may compromise population viability. Within a B. calamita population, we observed a polygynous mating system involving a possible decrease in genetic diversity. Our results suggested that variance in male mating success was linked to male-male competition and may imply distinct mating strategies

Le rôle des institutions politiques dans les crises financières de l'Argentine et du Brésil

VARIA Philippe Faucher, Leslie Elliott armijo — Currency crises an decision making frameworks : The politics of bouncing back in Argentina and Brazil This paper seeks to explain why exchange rate crises of rather similar causes and magnitudes can be so much harder for one emerging market country to absorb and bounce back from than for its neighbour. Brazil was able to recover readily from its recent forced devaluation and associated domestic financial/political crisis, which looked quite bad in January 1999, but was virtually over by April of that year. Argentina's superficially similar crisis, which pushed the country off its strict Currency Board and let the peso float in December 2001, has been extraordinarily prolonged and debilitating. We conclude that most of the difference resulted from the structure of domestic political institutions and the incentives for cooperation and conflict that they created for political incumbents and other players.Faucher Philippe, Elliott Armijo Leslie. Le rôle des institutions politiques dans les crises financières de l'Argentine et du Brésil. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 45, n°178, 2004. Les masques du tourisme, sous la direction de Georges Cazes et Georges Courade. pp. 387-417

Le rôle des institutions politiques dans les crises financières de l'Argentine et du Brésil

[eng] VARIA Philippe Faucher, Leslie Elliott armijo — Currency crises an decision making frameworks : The politics of bouncing back in Argentina and Brazil This paper seeks to explain why exchange rate crises of rather similar causes and magnitudes can be so much harder for one emerging market country to absorb and bounce back from than for its neighbour. Brazil was able to recover readily from its recent forced devaluation and associated domestic financial/political crisis, which looked quite bad in January 1999, but was virtually over by April of that year. Argentina's superficially similar crisis, which pushed the country off its strict Currency Board and let the peso float in December 2001, has been extraordinarily prolonged and debilitating. We conclude that most of the difference resulted from the structure of domestic political institutions and the incentives for cooperation and conflict that they created for political incumbents and other players.

Crises cambiais e estrutura decisória: a política de recuperação econômica na argentina e no Brasil

This paper seeks to explain why exchange rate crises of rather similar causes and magnitude can be so much harder for one emerging market country to absorb and bounce back from than for another. Our argument takes three recent currency crises as examples: Argentina (late 2001) and Brazil (early 1999 and mid-2002). We conclude that most of the difference resulted from the structure of domestic political institutions and the incentives for cooperation and conflict that such institutions created for political incumbents and other players

Microsatellite and mtDNA genotypes for Bufo calamita

Population coordinates and microsatellite and mtDNA genotypes for five populations of the natterjack toad (Bufo calamita). Location : France

Development of nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms for the natterjack toad, Bufo (Epidalea) calamita (Bufonidae), using next generation sequencing and Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar)

International audienc

Data from: Development of nuclear microsatellite loci and mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms for the natterjack toad, Bufo (Epidalea) calamita (Bufonidae), using next generation sequencing and Competitive Allele Specific PCR (KASPar)

Amphibians are undergoing a major decline worldwide and the steady increase in the number of threatened species in this particular taxa highlights the need for conservation genetics studies using high-quality molecular markers. The natterjack toad, Bufo (Epidalea) calamita, is a vulnerable pioneering species confined to specialized habitats in Western Europe. To provide efficient and cost-effective genetic resources for conservation biologists, we developed and characterized 22 new nuclear microsatellite markers using next-generation sequencing. We also used sequence data acquired from Sanger sequencing to develop the first mitochondrial markers for KASPar assay genotyping. Genetic polymorphism was then analyzed for 95 toads sampled from 5 populations in France. For polymorphic microsatellite loci, number of alleles and expected heterozygosity ranged from 2 to 14 and from 0.035 to 0.720, respectively. No significant departures from panmixia were observed (mean multilocus F IS = −0.015) and population differentiation was substantial (mean multilocus F ST = 0.222, P < 0.001). From a set of 18 mitochondrial SNPs located in the 16S and D-loop region, we further developed a fast and cost-effective SNP genotyping method based on competitive allele-specific PCR amplification (KASPar). The combination of allelic states for these mitochondrial DNA SNP markers yielded 10 different haplotypes, ranging from 2 to 5 within populations. Populations were highly differentiated (G ST = 0.407, P < 0.001). These new genetic resources will facilitate future parentage, population genetics and phylogeographical studies and will be useful for both evolutionary and conservation concerns, especially for the set-up of management strategies and the definition of distinct evolutionary significant units

Molecular Individual-Based Approach on Triatoma brasiliensis: Inferences on Triatomine Foci, Trypanosoma cruzi Natural Infection Prevalence, Parasite Diversity and Feeding Sources

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-06-19T20:00:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 jane_costa_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 584230 bytes, checksum: 90b2ae4d566ef8a4f837ace6ac73e621 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-06-19T20:17:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 jane_costa_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 584230 bytes, checksum: 90b2ae4d566ef8a4f837ace6ac73e621 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-19T20:17:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 jane_costa_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 584230 bytes, checksum: 90b2ae4d566ef8a4f837ace6ac73e621 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-08T12:22:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 jane_costa_etal_IOC_2016.PDF.txt: 75328 bytes, checksum: 595e7ebbc3bb95acdceef2c2bbc67868 (MD5) jane_costa_etal_IOC_2016.PDF: 584230 bytes, checksum: 90b2ae4d566ef8a4f837ace6ac73e621 (MD5) license.txt: 2991 bytes, checksum: 5a560609d32a3863062d77ff32785d58 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP). Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Araraquara, SP, Brasil / UMR EGCE (Evolution, Genome, Comportment, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France / Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental – PPGEMA. PB, Brasil .UMR EGCE (Evolution, Genome, Comportment, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV. Université Paris-Saclay. Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France.Laboratório de Biodiversidade EntomológicaFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Biodiversidade Entomológica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilUMR EGCE (Evolution, Genome, Comportment, Ecologie), CNRS-IRD-Univ. Paris-Sud, IDEEV. Université Paris-Saclay. Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France / Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, France.We used an individual-based molecular multisource approach to assess the epidemiological importance of Triatoma brasiliensis collected in distinct sites and ecotopes in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. In the semi-arid zones of Brazil, this blood sucking bug is the most important vector of Trypanosoma cruzi—the parasite that causes Chagas disease. First, cytochrome b (cytb) and microsatellite markers were used for inferences on the genetic structure of five populations (108 bugs). Second, we determined the natural T. cruzi infection prevalence and parasite diversity in 126 bugs by amplifying a mini-exon gene from triatomine gut contents. Third, we identified the natural feeding sources of 60 T. brasiliensis by using the blood meal content via vertebrate cytb analysis. Demographic inferences based on cytb variation indicated expansion events in some sylvatic and domiciliary populations. Microsatellite results indicated gene flow between sylvatic and anthropic (domiciliary and peridomiciliary) populations, which threatens vector control efforts because sylvatic population are uncontrollable. A high natural T. cruzi infection prevalence (52–71%) and two parasite lineages were found for the sylvatic foci, in which 68% of bugs had fed on Kerodon rupestris (Rodentia: Caviidae), highlighting it as a potential reservoir. For peridomiciliary bugs, Galea spixii (Rodentia: Caviidae) was the main mammal feeding source, which may reinforce previous concerns about the potential of this animal to link the sylvatic and domiciliary T. cruzi cycles