Standards of soft tissue Arnett analysis for surgical planning in Turkish adults

The lower lip thickness of the Turkish population was lower and menton thickness was greater than Arnett's norms. Turkish subjects have depressed orbital rims, cheek bones, subpupils, upright and thin upper and lower lips, retruded incisors, and pogonion and point B. Most of the Turkish mean harmony values were within the range of Arnett's harmony standards. Soft tissue thicknesses were greater and facial lengths, except upper incisor exposure, were longer in Turkish males than females. These differences between ethnic groups should be taken into consideration when formulating orthodontic/orthognathic treatment plans for patients with dentofacial deformity

Synthesis and characterization of a bifunctional amido-thiophene monomer and its copolymer with thiophene and electrochemical properties

A bifunctional amido-thiophene namely hexamethylene (bis-3-thiophene acetamide) (HMTA) was synthesized by the reaction of 3-thiophene acetic acid with hexamethylene diamine. Copolymerization in the presence of thiophene was achieved electrochemically in tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate/acetonitrile (TBAFB/AN). Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the resulting copolymer [P(HMTA-co-Th)] reflected electronic transitions at 505 nm, 740 nm and ∼1000 nm, revealing π to π* transition, polaron and bipolaron band formation respectively. Switching ability was evaluated by a kinetic study via measuring the transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast. Dual type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(HMTA-co-Th) and poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability and stability of the devices were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These devices exhibit low switching voltages (between 0.0 V and +1.6 V), short switching times with reasonable switching stability under atmospheric condition

Conducting copolymers of random and block copolymers of electroactive and liquid crystalline monomers with pyrrole and thiophene

Block and random copolymers having 3-methyl thienylmethacrylate and 6-(4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-oxy) hexyl acrylate moieties were utilized as precursor polymers in this study. Electrochemical copolymerizations were performed in the presence of thiophene or pyrrole in acetonitrile-tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB) at constant potential. The characterizations were performed by cyclic voltammetry (CV), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), conductivity measurements. Electrochromic properties of the resultant conducting copolymers were investigated by spectroelectrochemistry and colorimetry studies. It was observed that, variation in the copolymer type or composition of the precursor polymer resulted in stern effects on surface morphology, spectroelectrochemistry, color and conductivity of the resultant graft copolymer

Common Variants rs3815188 and rs1043994 on Notch3 Gene Confer Susceptibility to Lung Cancer: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study

The Notch signaling pathway is a mechanism that plays a role in the determination of cell fate during cell development. Signals between neighbor cells are amplified through the Notch receptors. Notch activity is related to general growth stages such as organogenesis and morphogenesis and has effects on cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Lung cancer associated with degradation of proteins which regulate cellular activities such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis or the loss of function of proteins due to mutations in the genes which that express these proteins. We aimed to determine the frequency of the Notch3 rs3815188 (C381T) and rs1043994 (G684A) polymorphisms and to investigate whether this gene is associated with genetic predisposition of development of lung cancer. In this study, DNA samples were extracted from the venous blood sample of 200 subjects (100 lung cancer patients and 100 controls). Notch3 rs3815188 (C381T) and rs1043994 (G684A) polymorphisms were determined using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method. A statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups for Notch 3 gene rs3815188 and rs1043994 polymorphisms when evaluated in terms of genotype (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively) and allele frequencies (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the rs3815188 variant and rs1043994 variant of the Notch3 gene is associated with lung cancer risk in patients of Turkish origin

Electrochromic properties and electrochromic device application of copolymer of N-(4-(3-thienyl methylene)-oxycarbonylphenyl)maleimide with thiophene

A new copolymer of N-(4-(3-thienyl methylene)-oxycarbonylphenyl)maleimide (MBThi) with thiophene [P(MBThi-co-Th)] was synthesized electrochemically in the presence of tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate as the supporting electrolyte, in acetonitrile/borontrifluoride ethylether solvent mixture (80 : 20, v/v). Spectroelectrochemical analysis of the resulting copolymer reflected electronic transitions at 440, 730, and similar to 1000 nm, revealing pi-pi* transition, polaron, and bipolaron band formation, respectively. Switching ability was evaluated by a kinetic study via measuring the transmittance (%T) at the maximum contrast. Dual-type polymer electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on P(MBThi-co-Th) and poly(ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) were constructed. Spectroelectrochemistry, switching ability, and stability of the devices were investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These devices exhibit low switching voltages (between 0.0 and +2.0 V) and short switching times with reasonable switching stability under atmospheric conditions. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Evaluation of malnutrition development risk in hospitalized children

Objectives: Many screening methods, such as the Screening Tool Risk on Nutritional Status and Growth (STRONGkids) and the Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), have been developed to detect malnutrition in pediatric patients. We aimed to explore the prevalence of malnutrition risk in hospitalized children via symptoms and identification of contributing factors, and to examine the efficacy of malnutrition screening tools for hospitalized children

Visible Light-Induced Cationic Polymerization Using Fullerenes

A novel visible light sensitive photoinitiator system for the cationic polymerization of typical monomers, for example, of oxiranes, such as cyclohexene oxide, vinyl ethers, such as iso-butyl vinyl ether, and other vinyl monomers, such as <i>N</i>-vinylcarbazole, using fullerene derivatives is described. The cationic polymerization of these monomers was initiated at room temperature upon irradiation in the visible region (λ_inc > 400 nm) in bulk or chlorobenzene solutions with polystyrene-C₆₀ (PS-C₆₀) adduct or bare C₆₀, respectively, in the presence of oxidizing salts such as silver hexafluorophosphate (AgPF₆) and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate (Ph₂I⁺PF₆^–). A feasible mechanism, as correlated with optical absorption measurements, free energy changes (Δ<i>G</i>), and proton scavenging studies, involves formation of exciplex by the absorption of light in the first step. Subsequent electron transfer from excited C₆₀ or PS-C₆₀ to oxidizing salt yields radical cations of the fullerene derivatives. Both radical cations and a strong Brønsted acid derived by hydrogen abstraction initiate the cationic polymerization of a variety of monomers

A sandfly fever virus outbreak in the East Mediterranean region of Turkey

Objectives: To report a sandfly fever virus (SFV) outbreak that occurred in Kahramanmaras Province, Turkey