Design, synthesis, and biological profile of novel N-(5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl) hydrazinecarboxamides

New series of arylthiadiazole hydrazinecarboxamides (5a-e) have been synthesized by hydrazinolysis of carbamates (4a-e) and spectrally characterized. The new candidates have been screened for their anticonvulsant and immunomodulatory activities. Compound 5e was the most potent anticonvulsant candidate as it showed 100% protection against both maximal electroshock seizure (MES) and subcutaneous pentylenetetrazole (scPTZ) screens without neurotoxicity at 100 mg/kg (0.318 mmol/kg). With respect to immunomodulation, compounds 5a and 5d revealed immunostimulatory activity while compounds 5b, 5c, and 5e had immunosuppressive responses based on ELISA detection of IgM and IgG levels, counting the total mesenteric lymph nodes lymphocytes, and histo-pathological examinations

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

A View on Connectedness and Compactness in Fuzzy Soft Bitopological Spaces

In the present paper, we introduce the notions of (1, 2)∗-fuzzy soft b-separated sets, (1, 2)∗-fuzzy soft b-connectedness and (1, 2)∗-fuzzy soft b-compactness in fuzzy soft bitopological spaces. Then, some basic topological properties of these notions are investigated. Also, some illustrative examples are given to show the importance of the obtained theorems.</jats:p

Structural geological and geochemical studies on the Panafrican Basement Rocks, Wadi Zeidun, Central Eastern Desert, Egypt

The present work is a geologieal, structural and geochemieal study on the Pan-African basement rocks in the area of Wadi Zeidun and its southern tributaries Wadi Maasar and Wadi Meesar, which cover approximately 600 km$^{2}$ in the Central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Detailed field studies revealed that the area comprises four main petrotectonic assemblages: 1)- Island-arc assemblage; 2)- Volcanogenic metasediments; 3)- Molasse-type sediments, and 4)- Late-collision granitoids and felsites as well as minor dykes and veins. The island arc-assemblage in the study area includes low-k, calc-alkaline/ tholeitic metavolcanics and a volcaniclastic sequence intruded by Wadi Maasar arc-granitoids. The volcanogenic metasediments east and northeast of Gabal EI Shalul are composed mainly of a foliated, cleaved and bedded sequence of green metaconglomerates interbedded with grey phyllites, slates, metamudstones, metasiltstones and graded bedded metagreywackes. Thepetrochemical characters of these rocks revealed that they are comparable with the oceanic island are sandstones. The molasse-type sediments in the study area form three isolated exposures (basins). They are composed mainly of a succession ofinterbedded purple conglomerates, sandstones and siltstones of alluvial fan-braided stream deposition. The modal composition of these sandstones plot in the two fields of dissected are and recycled orogen. The late-collision granites are represented by two main plutons; El Shalul and El Hassanawia. Both are essentially pink in colour, composed mainly of quartz, perthite, plagioclase and minor biotite in addition to hornblende in El Hassanawia granite. The geochemistry of these granitesshows a calc-alkaline character of normal granite composition, being formed in an environment of compression. [...

Some New Results of Fixed Point in Fuzzy Soft G-metric Spaces

The main goal of the present paper is to study and prove some results of fixedpoints for mappings satisfying different conditions in fuzzy soft G-metric spaces.</jats:p