16,744 research outputs found
Coherent and squeezed states in black-hole evaporation
In earlier Letters, we adopted a complex approach to quantum processes in the
formation and evaporation of black holes. Taking Feynman's
prescription, rather than than one of the more usual approaches, we calculated
the quantum amplitude (not just the probability density) for final weak-field
configurations following gravitational collapse to a black hole with subsequent
evaporation. What we have done is to find quantum amplitudes relating to a pure
state at late times following black-hole matter collapse. Such pure states are
then shown to be susceptible to a description in terms of coherent and squeezed
states - in practice, this description is not very different from that for the
well-known highly-squeezed final state of the relic radiation background in
inflationary cosmology. The simplest such collapse model involves Einstein
gravity with a massless scalar field. The Feynman approach involves making the
boundary-value problem for gravity and a massless scalar field well-posed. To
define this, let T be the proper-time separation, measured at spatial infinity,
between two space-like hypersurfaces on which initial (collapse) and final
(evaporation) data are posed. Then, in this approach, one rotates T by a
complex phase exp(-i\delta) into the lower half-plane. In an adiabatic
approximation, the resulting quantum amplitude may be expressed in terms of
generalised coherent states of the quantum oscillator, and a physical
interpretation is given. A squeezed-state representation, as above, then
follows
On the cohomology rings of tree braid groups
Let be a finite connected graph. The (unlabelled) configuration
space of points on is the space of -element
subsets of . The -strand braid group of , denoted
, is the fundamental group of .
We use the methods and results of our paper "Discrete Morse theory and graph
braid groups" to get a partial description of the cohomology rings , where is a tree. Our results are then used to prove that is a
right-angled Artin group if and only if is linear or . This gives a
large number of counterexamples to Ghrist's conjecture that braid groups of
planar graphs are right-angled Artin groups.Comment: 25 pages, 7 figures. Revised version, accepted by the Journal of Pure
and Applied Algebr
Potential for a new muon g-2 experiment
A new experiment to measure the muon g-2 factor is proposed. We suppose the
sensitivity of this experiment to be about 0.03 ppm. The developed experiment
can be performed on an ordinary storage ring with a noncontinuous field created
by usual magnets. When the total length of straight sections of the ring is
appropriate, the spin rotation frequency becomes almost independent of the
particle momentum. In this case, a high-precision measurement of an average
magnetic field can be carried out with polarized proton beams. A muon beam
energy can be arbitrary. Possibilities to avoid a betatron resonance are
analyzed and corrections to the g-2 frequency are considered.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Leaving the Street In Brief
This issue of P/PV In Brief focuses on Lauren J. Kotloff's recent report, Leaving the Street: Young Fathers Move from Hustling to Legitimate Work. Based on an in-depth interview study of participants in P/PVs Fathers at Work initiative, the report provides a rare glimpse inside the lives of young urban men with criminal records, exploring how they got involved with hustling, their experiences in the labor market and their feelings about fatherhood.Leaving the Street In Brief describes the four distinct groups that emerged in P/PVs study (the Reluctant Hustlers, the Ambitious Workers, the Reluctant Workers and the Committed Hustlers) and presents early findings from the Fathers at Work evaluation. It also touches on the full report's recommendations for programs serving young fathers
Coherent integration
Coherent integration which is a digital filtering process and was applied to MST radar observations is discussed. It is simple to implement with either hardware or software and is appropriate for the very narrow band signals usually received by MST radars. By filtering the signal before performing spectral processing, the computations required for FFT or similar analysis are greatly reduced. Coherent integration does not increase the signal-to-noise ratio per unit bandwidth in the signal band. It filters out much of the wideband noise, which could also be done by full FFT processing of the raw signal
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