SÍNDROME DA ANSIEDADE DE SEPARAÇÃO (SAS) EM CÃES ATENDIDOS NO HOSPITAL VETERINÁRIO DA UNICASTELO, FERNANDÓPOLIS, SP

A síndrome da ansiedade de separação (SAS) é definida como o conjunto de comportamentos exibidos por cães quando são deixados sozinhos. É considerada um dos problemas comportamentais mais comuns da espécie. Os sinais clínicos básicos da SAS são vocalização excessiva, destruição de objetos, defecação e micção em locais impróprios, acarretando prejuízos na qualidade de vida dos animais. Sendo uma das causas de abandono e eutanásia desses animais, a SAS foi pesquisada em cães atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Unicastelo em Fernandópolis, SP, no período de dezembro de 2007 a dezembro de 2008, mediante levantamento realizado em 75 animais, compreendendo trinta (40%) machos adultos, nove (12%) machos jovens, trinta (40%) fêmeas adultas e seis (8%) fêmeas jovens. Os cães foram avaliados com base em informações fornecidas pelos proprietários, utilizando um questionário comportamental. Da população geral estudada, 35 cães (47%) apresentavam vocalização excessiva, 29 (39%) realizavam micção em locais impróprios, 17 (23%) defecavam em locais impróprios e 22 (29%) destruíam objetos nos períodos de ausência dos donos. A análise dos resultados obtidos permite concluir que, dos 75 animais estudados, 51(68%) apresentaram SAS, sendo 23 machos adultos (77%), 6 machos jovens (67%), 19 fêmeas adultas (63%) e 3 fêmeas jovens (50%).  PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Cães, comportamento animal, distúrbios de comportamento, SAS

Exérese de lipoma em papagaio-verdadeiro (Amazona aestiva)

Lipomas são tumores freqüentes no tecido subcutâneo, de crescimento lento e benigno, podendo ser encontrados em tecidos mais profundos, como os músculos, órgãos abdominais e torácicos, na cavidade oral e no crânio. Este relato descreveu um caso de lipoma em um papagaio-verdadeiro, mantido em cativeiro na região de Fernandópolis, SP. O animal, de aproximadamente 10 anos de idade e 485 gramas, apresentava dificuldade de locomoção devido ao grande aumento de volume, progressivo há alguns meses e localizado na região adcloacal direita. Não foram evidenciadas alterações comportamentais ou na ingestão de alimentos ou água. À palpação, o nódulo apresentava consistência macia e pequenas áreas crostosas cutâneas. Foi conduzido o exame radiográfico e biópsia aspirativa com agulha e o animal foi submetido à cirurgia para exérese do nódulo, sendo realizada indução anestésica intra-muscular com diazepam e cetamina e manutenção por isoflurano. No período pósoperatório foram realizadas aplicações de antibiótico, antiinflamatório e analgésico. O nódulo extraído pesou 62 gramas, correspondendo a 12,8% do peso corpóreo, e foi processado histologicamente, revelando a presença de adipócitos bem definidos, com citoplasma desenvolvido e núcleos periféricos

RECICLAGEM DE ALUMÍNIO E ESTIMATIVA DE POUPANÇA DE ENERGIA NO BRASIL

Estimou-se e analisou-se em 2010 a poupança de energia com o processo de reciclagem de sucata de alumínio nos municípios de Cuiabá e Várzea Grande, em Mato Grosso, no centro-oeste brasileiro. Fundamentado na abordagem da economia ecológica, foram utilizados coeficientes técnicos do consumo de energia na produção primária (bauxita) e secundária (reciclagem) de alumínio. Adotou-se ferramentas de estimação a partir de coeficientes técnicos de consumo de energia na produção de bauxita e reciclagem de alumínio. Observou-se que a implantação de uma política mais clara de reciclagem de sucata de alumínio em Cuiabá e Várzea Grande poderia gerar uma poupança de energia de 143,456 Gw/h de energia em comparação com a atual política impositiva do horário de verão que poupou 109,834Gw/h de energia, em 2010. Por inferência, poder-se-ia fazer uma projeção que no Brasil, o montante de poupança pela reciclagem de alumínio alcançaria 20,665 Tw/h de energia frente ao horário de verão que reduziu em 7,443 Tw/h o consumo de energia em 2010.

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Obstrução intestinal e enterotomia em tigre d’água (Trachemys dorbignyi)

Intestinal obstruction occurs in chelonian mainly due parasitism and foreign bodies, as stones and sand. An intestinal compaction was described in a five year-old male d'orbigny's slider which was taken to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the UNICASTELO, at Fernandopolis, SP, Brazil, presenting anorexia for a week, severe dehydration and stupor. Definitive diagnostic was performed by radiographic exam and great amount of intestinal radiopac substance was detected. The animal went through emergency celiotomy for removing the intestinal foreign bodies. Inhalatory anesthesia with isofluorane was used for anesthesia induction and manutention. After local antisepsy, a 4cm(2) oblique opening was conducted on plastron by using a vibratory saw. Peritoneum was cut, intestines exteriorized and enterotomy performed. During the surgery, the animal was radiographed to confirm the complete taken out of the foreign bodies. Mononylon 4-0 strand was applied for intestinal suture in two planes. The plastron piece that was taken out was replaced and set with epoxy resine and gaze on the surgical window, making it waterproof. In the postoperative time, animal was medicated with analgesics for two days and pentabiotics for five days. Oral creamy diet was used with oral tube from the second to tenth day, what provided a great clinicosurgical recovering

Surgical treatment of gynaecomastia in a Saanen goat

Background: Gynaecomastia in male goats is characterized by abnormal development of the mammary gland. Enlarged udder may be observed cranially to the scrotum, which can occasionally reach the size of the testicles. The udder may carry functional glands and impair the animal's reproductive performance and welfare. The case of a successful surgical treatment of gynaecomastia in a high reproductive performance Saanen buck-goat is reported in the present study.Material, Methods & Results: The animal was admitted presenting significant augmentation of the mammary glands, which was clinically diagnosed as gynaecomastia. The male goat owned optimal phenotypic characteristics for the Saanen breed, which had been producing high performance descendents. The mammary glands had been impairing the goat's locomotion and sexual performance. Manual milking resulted in great amount of milk secretion. The animal presented anorexia and impaired sexual performance. After clinical and laboratorial evaluation, the animal was submitted to radical mastectomy. An elliptic skin incision was performed around each mammary gland. Subcuticular blunt dissection was accomplished to isolate the mammarian tissue from the abdominal muscular layer and the spermatic chord. The excised mass was sampled for histological assessment. Subcuticular layer and skin closure was carried in a routine fashion. Hygienization of the surgical wound was performed with 2,5% PVP-I solution for ten days. Additionally, an association of penicillin G benzathine and streptomycin, and fluxinin meglumine were also given. The surgical procedure was successfully accomplished without any peroperative complication. The excised mass was sampled for anatomic/histological assessment. Macroscopically, the left mammary gland presented 22 cm in length, 12 cm wide and 26 cm in diameter. The right gland presented 16 cm in length, 7 cm wide and 13,5 cm in diameter. The microscopic assessment revealed hyperplasia of the glandular ducts. No abnormalities resembling malignant mammary neoplasms or degeneration were observed. At the end of the treatment, the animal was completely recovered. The animal convalesced satisfactorily and surgical wound healed completely within the first 10 days post-op. The goat was not culled and returned to normal reproductive activity. Within 12 months of follow-up, the animal was able to produce high milk yield performance progenies.Discussion: This case report presented relevant aspects of the surgical management of gynaecomastia, especially to veterinary practitioners dealing with milk goats. Gynaecomastia is not as common as other reproductive disorders in domestic animals. In opposition to the findings of the present study, other trials revealed that gynaecomastia usually does not affect fertility, libido, ejaculate parameters and sexual performance of goats. However, it is important to consider that neoplasic disorders such as mammary adenocarcinoma may be present, even though these are rare complications. Last but not least, the decision making on mastectomy in the present study was crucial in order to reestablish the animal's welfare and its functionality in the farms reproduction program